江苏省淮安中学II部2020高三英语第二轮专题复习--任务型阅读

淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习第一课时 任务型阅读指导一、题型考查特点任务型阅读考查的是学生用英语做事、解决实际问题的能力，是典型的语言应用测试。它要比一般阅读题难度要大些，要求考生在阅读完一段材料后，能比较清楚地把握整篇文章的结构，较好地分析作者的观点和意图，并进行准确的表达。考生要能够获得直接信息，分析、总结信息，并转换信息，这有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力。二、高考与考试说明1、2020年是江苏第一次考查任务型阅读，文章较明显体现了一些牛津英语教材中的一些单词。因为是新题型，出题形式已为广大老师所预估到，有七个单词在原文中可以直接找到，两个稍微变换一下词性，只有第78题case是归纳出来的，所以整体难度不大，考生大多能得8分左右。2、2020年任务型阅读题的难度有所增加。文章的主题是交际原则，要点包括：交际始于自我，交际无所不在，交际一旦发生则不可逆转。该文理论性较强，涉及“交际”和“自我”等抽象概念的理解，文章与题目总词数为711个单词，所设置的10空中有6空可从原文找到或由原文单词进行词形转换即可。而有4空需从文章整体考虑作出推断和概括才能填空。试题主要考查关键名词和动词及其词形变化。3、我们研读2020年考试说明中关于“任务型阅读”的要求后，发现题型比去年更明确，题目要求有所提高。把2020年“根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表”改为“根据所读，用恰当的词语补全全文提纲，概括关键内容或作要词词语转换”。任务型阅读提供了两种示例表格式和树状式。题例中要求考生根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意每空一词。其中在第二示例中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。这些变化要求考生能够顺利读懂文章，并能够掌握文章大意和分析文章结构框架。同时也要求考生拥有扎实的语法和词汇知识，做到自如应用。三、解题方法和步骤考生在完成任务型阅读时，要遵循以下步骤。1、通读。采用速读技巧，快速浏览全文，弄清文章及每段的主旨大意；浏览表格，理清文章基本结构。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。2、细读。边读边做，读时留意与题目相关的信息点，适当做记号；做时要及时找到相关段落的对应信息分析整合信息、准确表达。3、复读。通观全篇，复读检查，注意拼写和词形。需要注意的是，书写答案时，务必要注意规范，书写工整，特别注意将e和t、a和u、r和v、y和g、w和m这五对字母写清楚，千万不能因为大小写或抄写错误而扣分。另外，还要注意词性的转移和词形的正确使用，如：1、名词的性、数、格2、动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词3、动词的第三人称单数4、形容词的比较级和最高级还应注意以下问题。1、系统复习语法，掌握扎实的基础知识掌握扎实的英语语言知识是顺利完成阅读任务的基础，特别是有些英语表达与中国人的思维习惯不相同。因此，只有真正掌握了阅读材料中的字、词、句式以及一些字词句的背景知识，才能灵活运用于阅读材料，才能做到成竹于胸。2、增加阅读量，培养良好的阅读习惯拓展我们的阅读面，养成英语阅读的习惯。针对不同的阅读材料，使用扫读、略读等不同阅读技巧。四、备考策略任务阅读题型新 做好题目须分析扫读全文与图表 带着问题答案找释义浓缩和概括 技巧运用速度达逆向思维不可缺 解题过程很特别词形转换很重要 任务阅读肯定考注意单词大小写 是否丢分在于你勤于练习多动脑 得到成绩不会少淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习第二课时 任务型阅读训练 编制：刘燕飞任务型阅读请认真阅读短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填1个单词。Passage OneThe earths ocean can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres. That is deep enough to cover Mount Qomolangma! Marine (海洋的) scientists divide the oceans into five zones. Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much sunlight reaches it.Most of the life in the ocean can be found in the first zone, which begins at the surface and goes down to about 200 metres. Because there is sunlight at this level, plants are able to grow. Marine animals such as dolphins, sharks, sea turtles and sea lions, and of course a variety of fish, live in the sunlight part of the ocean. It is difficult to hide from other animals in the area, but many species have adapted by becoming dark on the top and light on the bottom. This makes it hard to see them against the dark water below and the blue sky above.The second starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 1,000 metres. Some sunlight can reach this level, but it is not enough for plants to grow. Because this zone is relatively dark, many of the creatures that live here are able to make light with their body. The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky with moving stars in it.The third zone is dark. This place, about 3,000 metres deep, may not seem a likely habitat (栖息地), but there are more creatures here than one might think. Most of the animals that live here are black or red because of the lack of light. At this depth, a slow shower of what looks like snow is falling. This phenomenon, called “marine snow”, is actually nutrients falling towards the bottom of the ocean. It is source of food for the creatures that live in the deep.Below 4,000 metres, the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all. In fact, the zone is so dark and empty that scientists named this zone after the Greek word for “no bottom”. There is not much life to be found in this cold and unpleasant part. But some creatures manage to survive here despite the high water pressure.The deepest part of the ocean is 2,000 metres further down. At this depth, the water pressure is extremely high and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live here. Compared to the other zones, this one has very little life. Since there is no light here, some animals dont have eyes. When scientists explored the very deepest parts of the ocean, they did not expect to find any life at all. It turned out that there are creatures as far down as 10,000 metres. They usually survive by living close to deep sea vents, “chimneys” that sent out gases from within the earth.(71) _ConditionsLife (75) _How do the animal adapt?Suface to 200 metresSunlight, plantsMarines, animals and a variety of fishMany species become dark on the top and light on the (78) _ 200-1,000 metresNot enough sunlight, relatively darkMany creaturesMany creatures are able to make light with their body. They make the water look like a sky with moving (79) .1,000-4,000 metres( 72 ) _ of Light; “marine Snow”More creatures than (76) _Most of the animals are black or red.Below 4,000 metresDark and empty;(73) _ water pressureNot much life; some small creaturesSome small creatures still manage to survive here despite high water pressure.Below 6,000 metresExtremely high water pressure ;Very(74)_and very cold.Little life; some animals with (77)_ eyesSome creatures survive by living (80) _ deep sea vents, “chimneys” that send gas from within the earth. Passage TwoThe history of Chinese calligraphy is probably as long as that of China itself. Calligraphy is a special category in Chinas world of fine arts. Through the centuries Chinese characters have changed constantly and are mainly divided into five categories today: the seal script (zhuan shu), official script (li shu), regular script (kai shu), running script (xing shu) and cursive script (cao shu).Calligraphy involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills. Among the most outstanding calligraphers in ancient China were Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan, who are known for pioneering their own styles.In writing calligraphy, one will need a brush, paper, an ink-stick and an ink-stone, commonly referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study”. There are different types of brushes. White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. According to their function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and medium. Brush sticks are usually made of bamboo, wood, or porcelain; ivory or jade sticks are rare and precious.The ink-stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink-stick is hui mo (Anhui ink stick), made from pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink-stick. Press the ink-stick hard and rub it lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab to make thick, liquid-ink.While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in Xuanzhou (todays Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and moth-proof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink-stones or ink-slabs have been classified into three categories: Duan, she and Tao. Features common to all three are hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard and smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink-stick against the stone.By handling the brush and ink skillfully and carefully, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.(71)_of Chinese charactersSeal scrip (zhuan shu)Calligraphy is both theoretical and (73)_. Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan are well-known as (74)_ for their own styles in calligraphy.(72)_ script (li shu)Regular script (kai shu)Running script (xing shu)Cursive script (cao shu)Four (75)_of the StudyBrush(76)_for the brushWhite-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair,or yellow-weasel-hairIn terms of (77)_Hard,soft and mediumStickBamboo, wood, porcelain, ivory or jadeInk-stickhui mo(Anhui ink)Made from pines (78) _on Huangshan MountainPaperXuan paperSoft and fine textured;Cant be easily (79)_ up and damaged by moths. Ink-stoneDuanCommon (80)_: hard and fine, but not dry or slipperySheTaoPassage ThreeThe Group of 20 (G20) leaders met in London last Thursday to talk about their plan to repair the global economy.Zachary Karabell, an American economist, however, wrote in an article in The Washington Post that they picked the wrong place to hold the meeting.“G20 heads of state should not be plotting in the shadow of Big Ben. They should be sitting near the Forbidden City, in the meeting halls off Tiananmen Square in Beijing,” he wrote.The first G20 meeting, last fall, took place in Washington. If the second meeting had been held in Beijing it would have been a clear signal that the WasingtonBeijing relationship is the most important relationship in the world today, Karabell argued.Other experts share Karabells opinion. They think the success of the G20 mostly depends on what China and the US decide upon.“How they are going to work everything out will be very important in terms of how we get out of the current downturn,” Jonathan Fenby, a British historian and authority on China told China Daily.Former US national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski has also said that the world should focus less on the G20 and more on a “G2” of China and the United States.For decades, the US has governed the world, but in a few short years China has emerged as the worlds second largest economy, said The Washington Post.In 2020, before the storm hit, China and the United States were responsible for more than half of all global economic growth. This year, China will probably still grow 8 percent while the US suffers a depression.In many respects, China and the US have become a single economic system. China has holdings of about $700 billion in US government debt. The US needs the money to survive the financial crisis.Meanwhile, China needs the US as much as the US needs China. Trade with the United States remains one of the bright spots of Chinas economy, as US companies fuel much of Chinas domestic economy. From its leading consumer brands-including Oil of Olay and the hugely popular KFC-to high-end (高端的) industry, Chinas development relies on foreign businesses.Right now, it seems both countries recognize their unique positions and are doing the right things. Theme China and the US are expected to 71 the global economy.Background facts China has become the world 72 largest economy in recent years. The two countries were 73 for over half of all global economic growth in 2020. The USA and China have become a particular economy system. Washington needs China to 74 the financial storm. Beijing needs the American high-end technology and markets.Various views about the 75 to the crisis Beijing is the 76 place to hold the G20 conference. The world should switch the 77 from G20 to G2. Whether the current world can get out of the global financial depression 78 on the decision of the USA and China. Conclusion The USA has recognized the unique 79 of China, so has China. Both sides are strengthening further 80 . Passage FourIf environmental trends continue on a positive track, some day children may ask, “Mommy, what was pollution?” But between that day and ours stands the environmental problem: global warming. Fighting an artificial greenhouse effect is the greatest of environmental challenges, because the cure will not be possible unless almost every nation on the Earth participates.Will global warming cause harm? Some computer models suggest the world might warm by 5 degrees or more during this century, which might be dangerous. Melting polar ice could raise sea levels, while global warming might cause more intense storms and disrupt the weather patterns that bring rain to agricultural regions. Computer models are just a guess, of course, but when the farming areas that we all depend upon for food rely on current temperatures, rolling the dice (骰子) with the climate cannot be wise. Yet today the United States has no national law regulating greenhouse gases.There are methods to reduce global warming. For instance, individuals can make lifestyle changes. Replace an SUV with a regular car; an SUV gives off 100 tons of greenhouse gases over its lifetime, which is far more than a car does. Moderate your use of home heating and air conditioning, most of which is powered by fossil fuels, and upgrade appliances to energy-saving models. Besides, emissions (排放) trading is a good measure. In 1990, rising levels of acid rain were considered an emergency problem. Congress passed an emissions-trading program, which allowed industrial managers to buy and sell permits to emit a limited amount of pollutants that cause acid rain. The acid-rain trading program created a financial motivation to invent technology to reduce acid rain; if a factory or power plant cut its emissions below the limit, it could sell the extra credits at a profit. Once there was money to be made by reducing acid rain, human creativity came into play. The results were spectacular. Stages of EnvironmentPresentFutureWe are faced with the greenhouse effect which causes global warming. And if all the people in the world dont 72 in the fight against it, the problem cant be solved.If environmental trends continue in a positive way, there will be no 75 .The possible effects of global warmingPossibilitiesThe global temperature might 76 by 5 degrees or more.Sea levels would be raised.Weather might turn for the worse.Attitude towards possible effectsHowever, we cant try our 77 when it comes to agriculture we rely on to live, and some relative78 must be made to regulate greenhouse gases.71 to reduce global warmingChanges of individuals 73 Replacing your vehicles which give off more greenhouse gases.79 the use of home heating and air conditioning.Upgrading appliances to energy-saving models.Emissions trading 74 Allowing 80 a limited amount of pollutants that cause acid rain.Leading to inventing technology to reduce acid rain.Passage FiveHomework helpDo math problems 15 through 25. Conjugate (词态变化) the verbs on page 50 of your English workbook. Read pages 12 through 20 of the reading material for Chinese. When you are finished with that, dont forget to fill in the missing chemical symbols on the Periodic Table worksheet (化学元素周期表).Sound like a lot of your homework? As you know, homework is a major part of going to school. Luckily, there are several things you can do to make homework less work.Create a homework planMost high school students have between two and three hours of homework a night. If it is a heavy homework day, you may need to devote even more time. It is a good idea to come up with some kind of homework schedule, especially if you are going to do sports or other activities after school.Watch where you workA bedroom, study or any room where you can get away from noise and interruption is the best place to get homework done. But dont study on your comfortable bed or you might fall asleep there.Get to workWhen you start your homework, do the hardest assignments first. It is tempting to start with the easy thing to get it out of the way. But youll have the most energy and focus when you begin working. It is best for you to use this mental power on the subjects that are the most challenging. Later, when youre more tired, you can focus on the simpler things.Take a breakMost peoples attention spans (跨度) dont last very long, so take some breaks while doing your homework. Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often. Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people.Get help when you need itSometimes even though you are paying attention in class, certain subjects seem too hard. The first place to turn for help is your teacher. He or she may be able to work with you before or after school and explain things more clearly. You may be able to get some help from another student.However, keep in mind that this might not get you the results you need. Lots of people understand something perfectly but are not able to explain it. Another option is a tutor. The advantage of having a tutor is that it gives you the opportunity to ask questions directly and work at your own pace.ItemsDetailsCreate a homework planHeavy homework means (71)_ even more time, so it is a good idea to have a homework (72) _.Watch where you workIt is necessary for one to get away from noise and interruption and (73) _ a quiet place such as a bedroom, a (74) _ or so on.Get to workWhen you begin (75) _, you should do the hardest assignment first because you have the most (76) _ and focus.Take a breakSitting too long without relaxing will make one less (77) _. It is a good idea for most people to have a rest for a (78) _ every hour.Get helpThe first place to turn for help is your teacher.Help from another student may not (79) _ your needs.A tutor is also a good (80) _.Passage SixFive tips to deal with stressStress, the biggest enemy of the modern world! It kidnaps our peace of mind, tortures our evenings, when we return home from work and murders those beautiful moments. But like all enemies, this enemy can also be got rid of!Put your body in motion.Moving from the chair to the couch while watching TV is not being physically active! Physical activity is one of the most important ways to keep