河南省2020届高三英语入学摸底考试试题（含解析）

河南省2020届高三英语入学摸底考试试题（含解析）考生注意：1. 本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2. 请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第一部分听力（共两节 满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15. B. 9.18. C.9.15答案是C。1. How long has the man been waiting?A. For half an hour. B. For ten minutes. C. For forty minutes.2. Why does the woman refuse to eat any more food?A. She is losing weight. B. She isnt feeling well. C. She has had enough.3. What is the woman going to do next?A. Do some typing. B. Write her paper. C. Have lunch.4. What will the man probably do?A. Help the woman paint her car. B. Buy the womans car. C. Get a new car.5. What does the woman mean?A. Its cold in the lecture hall. B. The sweater looks terrible. C. The air is heavily polluted today.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题6. Why is the plane delayed?A. Because of the building. B. Because of the flight itself. C. Because of the weather.7. Whats the womans suggestion?A. Attending a birthday party.B. Getting something to eat.C. Choosing a gift.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What is the season of the mans destination now?A. Winter B. Fall. C. Summer.9. What will the man probably buy after he gets to his destination?A. Shorts and T-shirts. B. Sweaters and shoes. C. A coat and a raincoat.10. What is the weather of the mans destination like in spring?A. Its rainy. B. Its windy. C. Its snowy.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. What would the man probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?A. Go to a play. B. See a car show. C. Visit Kingston.12. What is the woman going to do in Toronto?A. Attend a party. B. Meet her aunt. C. Stay at home.13. Why is the woman in a hurry to leave?A. To call up Betty. B. To pick up Daniel. C. To buy some DVDs.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. Where do the mans family usually stay during their vacation?A. At a hotel. B. At their beach house. C. At his uncles house.15. How many people are there in the mans family?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.16. What is one of the mans favorite parts of the beach trip?A. Lying on the beach.B. Cooking together at home.C. Playing football on the beach.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Where does the speech take place?A. In England. B. In Australia. C. In the United States.18. When was The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry published?A. In 2020. B. In 2020. C. In 2020.19 What award has the speaker won?A. The Commonwealth Book Prize.B. The Man Booker Prize.C. The Tinniswood Award.20. What did the speaker use to work as?A. An actress. B. A TV host. C. A writer.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHere are the most popular Toronto activities.Niagara Falls Full Day TourOn this attractive tour, you will step aboard a luxury bus and head to famed Niagara Falls. On your arrival, youll take a voyage on the Maid of the Mist or Journey Behind the Falls (depends on weather conditions) to get as close to this natural wonder as possible. Then feast on an appetizing buffet lunch while enjoying the breathtaking sights of Niagara Fall. Afterwards, spend time exploring the shops and attractions of the charming, scenic town Niagara-on-the-Lake. Its sure to be a day filled with beauty and wonder. The tour lasts approximately 8 hours.Hop On/Hop Off City Tour TorontoThis 2.5-hour tour starts from either Nicholbys Souvenir Shop located at 123 Front Street West, or Yonge/ Dundas Square located at the corner of Yonge and Dundas Streets. You may also join the tour at any of the points along the route.Toronto Daily Combination ToursThis tour combines both land and water views of beautiful Toronto. Youll start the tour taking a two-hour bus tour through this multi-cultural city. Youll see sights like CN Tower, Chinatown, and more, before heading over to Queens Quay for a one-hour Harbor Cruise.Downtown Toronto Bike TourHop on a bike and follow your local guide through downtown Toronto! Discover popular attractions such as Chinatown, Kensington Market, the Hockey Hall of Fame and City Hall, as well as scenic out-of-the-way spots. Hear stories about Torontos culture and history and sample some food at markets along the way. This easy, fun 4-hour ride is suitable for all riders, so you can bring the whole family along. This small-group tour is limited to 12 people, ensuring a more personalized experience. Meet your guide at the Village by the Grange in the morning for a brief training.1. What will tourists do after lunch on the Niagara Falls Full Day Tour?A. Enjoy some thrilling rides.B. Go on a voyage on the Falls.C. Go shopping in the town NiagaraD. Appreciate the sights of Niagara Falls.2. Which of the following tours lasts the least time?A. Hop On/ Hop Off City Tour Toronto.B. Toronto Daily Combination Tours.C. Downtown Toronto Bike Tour.D. Niagara Falls Full Day Tour.3. Where will the riders be trained for the Downtown Toronto Bike Tour?A. In Chinatown.B. At Kensington Market.C. In the Hockey Hall of Fame.D. At the Village by the Grange.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文主要介绍加拿大多伦多的几种旅游活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Niagara Falls Full Day Tour中的 “Afterwards, spend time exploring the shops and attractions of the charming, scenic town Niagara-on-the-Lake”可知，午饭后可以去风光旖旎的尼亚加拉小镇上逛逛商店和寻找好玩的地方。所以参加尼亚加拉瀑布全天游的游客午餐后会可以去尼亚加拉小镇购物。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Hop On/Hop Off City Tour Toronto中的“This 2.5-hour tour”可知，第二个活动历时两个半小时，是这几个旅游活动中时间最短的。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由Downtown Toronto Bike Tour中的“Meet your guide at the Village by the Grange in the morning for a brief training.”可知，游客早上要在 the Village by the Grange与导游汇合并接受基本的训练。故选D项。BThere is now a museum for pizza lovers in Americas pizza capital, New York City. The Museum of Pizza is devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but theres more to it than meets the tougue.“Its often that the simplest ideas are the best. And we wanted to use pizzas appeal to get people through the door and to look at art and hear about history in a different forms,” said Alexandra Serio, Chief Content Officer at Nameless Network, the group that baked the Museum of Pizza idea. Another instantly recognizable characteristic of the space is the bright colors that are weaved (穿行) throughout the exhibitsperfect for taking social media-ready pictures.Located on the street level of Brooklyns William Vale hotel, the museum is a large, one-floor space that houses a wide variety of art, from giant photographs to sculptures that surround visitors.Serio said exhibits of this kind are becoming an advantage for museums as they try to get younger legs to walk through their doors. “Its a kind of change,” she said. “Youll see it in the next few years because of museums like the Museum of Ice Cream, and multiple pop-ups (出现) of this kind of museums suiting a younger audience and seeing how they can make their exhibitions more attractive, touch and photography friendly.”“Honestly, I thought it would be like more of a museum in the beginning, with the pizza boxes and it tells you when it was developed and things like that,” said Nene Raye, visitor from New Jersey.Lydia Melendez, a self-described “pizza fan”, bought her tickets in April and for her, this experience was worth the wait. “I thought it was going to be kind of boring, like Im going to walk in and theres just going to be a book about pizza and how to make it, but this is definitely one for the books.” she said.4. Whats a noticeable attraction of the pizza-themed museum according to Serio?A. It covers a large area.B. Visitors can bake pizza in it.C. Its perfect for taking amazing pictures.D. Its exhibits are arranged in the simplest way.5. Who is the museum targeted at?A. Younger audience.B. Ice cream lovers.C. Artists and sculpturers.D. Professional photographers.6. What does Lydia Melendez think of the museum?A. It is kind of disappointing.B. It is surprisingly wonderful.C. It is definitely a dull museum.D. It looks like a traditional museum.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Small Pizza, Huge InfluenceB. New York City, Pizza CapitalC. Fashionable Museums Appear in AmericaD. Pizza Museum Meets More Than the Tongue【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道类记叙文。短文介绍了美国纽约的快闪披萨博物馆及游客对它的评价。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“Another instantly recognizable characteristic of the space is the bright colors that are weaved (穿行) throughout the exhibitsperfect for taking social media-ready pictures.”可知，展品间明亮的光照非常适合拍摄社交媒体上的照片。所以根据 Serio所说这家披萨主题博物馆最引人注目的地方是灯光布置能拍出令人惊喜的照片。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第四段“ Its a kind of change,” she said. “Youll see it in the next few years because of museums like the Museum of Ice Cream, and multiple pop-ups (出现) of this kind of museums suiting a younger audience”可知，此披萨博物馆是一种改变，和冰激凌博物馆及其他很多这样博物馆一样，更适合年轻人的需求。所以博物馆针对的对象是年轻的观众。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“I thought it was going to be kind of boring, like Im going to walk in and theres just going to be a book about pizza and how to make it, but this is definitely one for the books.” she said”可知，我以为这种博物馆很无趣。她觉得，这里不过是寻找披萨食谱的地方。但她很开心，因为实际经历与她的凭空想象大相径庭。所以根据Lydia Melendez所说的话的内容可以判断出，Lydia Melendez原以为这个披萨博物馆会比较枯燥乏味，但是走进去却发现这个博物馆并不枯燥而是太棒了，太奇妙了，她对此感到非常吃惊。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“The Museum of Pizza is devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but theres more to it than meets the tougue.”可知，披萨博物馆专门展出披萨、奶酪和酱料，但它满足的不仅仅是你的味觉。以及下文对快闪披萨博物馆的具体介绍。以及游客对于它的积极的评价可知，短文主要介绍新型博物馆披萨博物馆满足的不仅仅是你的味觉。故短文的最佳标题为“披萨博物馆满足的不仅仅是你的味觉”。故选D项。CIf we want a fair shot at transitioning to renewable energy, well need one critical thing: technologies that can change electricity from wind and sun into a chemical fuel for storage and vice versa (反之亦然). Commercial devices that do this exist, but most are costly and perform only half of the expectation. Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possibleor at least more affordableto run the world on renewables.The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables: In 2020, solar and wind provided just 0.8% of all power in the United States: in 2020, that number was 8%, according to the U. S. Energy Information Administration. But the demand for electricity often doesnt match the supply from solar and wind. In sunny California, for example, solar panels regularly produce more power than needed in the middle of the day, but none at night, after most workers and students return home.Some companies are beginning to install massive rows of batteries in hopes of storing extra energy and balancing the financial sheet. But batteries are costly and store only enough energy to back up the power system for a few hours at most. Another option is to store the energy by transforming it into hydrogen fuel. Devices called electrolyzers (电解器) do this by using electricityideally from solar and wind powerto break down water into oxygen and hydrogen gas, a carbon-free fuel. A second set of devices called fuel cells can then transform that hydrogen back to electricity to power cars, trucks, and buses, or to feed it to the power system. But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.“They did a really good job with that.” says Sossina Haile, a chemist at Northwestern University in Evanston. Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the OHayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.8. What can we learn about the new device from the first paragraph?A. Its universal use remains to be seen.B. It is more expensive but more practical.C. It can transform more renewable energy.D. It is the most advanced around the world.9. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The rapid development of American technologies.B. The potential market for energy transformation technologies.C. The history of energy transformation technologies.D. The lack of power in California.10. What may the researchers focus on next?A. Lessening costly batteries.B. Increasing the efficiency of the two reactions.C. Looking for one shared catalysts for the two reactions.D. Breaking down water into a carbon-free fuel without using electricity.11. What is Hailes attitude to the future of the new device?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Critical.D. Cautious.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍一种能够转化可再生能源的新装置。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possibleor at least more affordableto run the world on renewables.”可知，现在，研究人员已经创造出了同时具备这两种功能的实验室规模的设备。如果更大的版本也能发挥作用，它们将有助于使世界上使用可再生能源成为可能或者至少更经济实惠。所以通过关键词“ small lab-scale devices ，if引导的条件状语从从句”可以推断出，这种新装置大规模地投入使用还需拭目以待。故选A项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。由第二段“The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables”可知，这类技术的市场随着可再生能源的发展而增长以及对市场增长的具体介绍可知，第二段主要说明这个新装置潜在的市场很大。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.”可知，但是商业电解器和燃料电池用不同的催化剂加速这两种反应，这意味着一个设备不能同时做这两件事。研究人员必须攻克这个难题。这个难题是必须攻克的，也是研究人员下一步要集中解决的问题。所以推断出，接下来研究人员会主攻这两种反应能够共用的催化剂。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the OHayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就没有问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故选D项。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the OHayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就有没问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故小题4选D项。DIt is a question that has long puzzled scientistsexactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious-particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by generations of schoolchildren: “Tyger, tyger, burning bright / In the forest of the night.” But now the answer is at hand.While obvious to us, computer simulations (模拟) of what the big cats look to the main animals they hunt for, deer, show a different picture. Humans with normal colour vision, can see red, blue and green colours. But deer can only pick up blue and green light, they are effectively colourblind to the colour red, like some humans. It means the tigers orange colouration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.Dr John Fennell at the University of Bristol and colleagues said that they used computers to estimate how noticeable a given animal was. They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.Dr Fennell writes that by simulating what the world looks like to animals who are “two-colour vision”someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green“we also identify the most suitable colours for hiding and visibility”.Dr Fennell writes in the Royal Society Journal Inter face: “Considering the coat of a tiger, it has fur that appears orange to a three-colour vision observer rather than some shade of green, though the latter should be more appropriate color for an attack hunter in forests. However, when viewed as a two-colour vision observer, the tigers colour is very effective.”The question then arises as to why tigers dont grow green coats. Dr Fennell and colleagues write that mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. To do so would “require a significant change to mammalian biochemistry”. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.12. Why does the author mention the poem in paragraph 1?A. To arouse reader s interest in poems.B. To show the authors respect to the poet.C. To answer the question of the color of the tigerD. To stress the noticeable color of the tiger to us.13. What color is inexistent in the eyes of deer?A. Black.B. Red.C. Blue.D. Green.14. What does the underlined word “camouflage” mean in paragraph 3?A. The cover of something.B. The images of something.C. The way of hiding something.D. The way of hunting for something15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The colour of tigers sometimes cheats people.B. Getting green may prevent tigers from being extinct.C. There are no mammals with real green fur in the world.D. The tigers fur will probably evolve into green in the future.【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。为什么老虎是橙色的？这个长期困扰科学家的问题终于被科学家们破解了。【12题详解】推理判断题。由“It is a question that has long puzzled scientistsexactly why are tigers ora