河北省石家庄裕华区2020高考英语 阅读类一轮练习（13）

石家庄裕华区2020高考英语 阅读类一轮练习（13）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。FILTON, just outside Bristol, is where Britains fleet of Concorde supersonic（超音速的）airliners was built. There, something remarkable is being created. Little by little a machine is “printing” a complex titanium bracket (钛合金支架), about the size of a shoe, which normally would have to be cut from a solid block of metal. Brackets are only the beginning. The researchers at Filton have a much bigger ambition: to print the entire wing of an airliner.Unrealistic as this may seem, many other people are using 3D printing technology to create similarly remarkable things. These include medical implants, jewellery, football boots designed for individual feet, lampshades, racing-car parts, solid-state batteries and customized mobile phones. Some are even making mechanical devices (仪器). At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Peter Schmitt, a PhD student, has been printing something that is like the workings of a grandfather clock. It took him a few attempts to get right, but eventually he removed the plastic clock from a 3D printer, hung it on the wall and pulled down the counterweight. It started ticking.Engineers and designers have been using 3D printers for more than a decade, but mostly to make original types quickly and cheaply before they embark on the expensive business of tooling up a factory to produce the real thing. As 3D printers have become more able to work with a broader range of materials, including production-grade plastics and metals, the machines are increasingly being used to make final products too. More than 20% of the output of 3D printers is now final products rather than original types, according to Terry Wohlers, who runs a research firm specializing in the field. He predicts that this will rise to 50% by 2020.1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Filton is in the centre of Bristol.B. Peter tried to print a clock, but in vain.C. a remarkable metal bracket is being created.D. 3D printing technology is available to all of us.2. The underlined word “embark” probably means “_”.A. workB. landC. dependD. fix3. We can conclude from the last paragraph that _.A. Terry Wohlers s firm will make great profitsB. the technology of 3D printers will be widely adoptedC. 3D printers have been in use for at least 100 yearsD. engineers and designers prefer printing original products4. The passage is developed mainly in the form of _.A. time and events B. definition and descriptionC. contrast and conclusion D. examples and statements【参考答案】14、 CABD阅读理解。The amount of time children spend in institutional care（机构式照顾）may affect how their brains develop. Thats the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journals January/ February 2020 issue.To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care（寄养）in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.Children adopted early from foster care didnt differ from children raised in their birth families in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse （冲动）control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive（认知的） functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains development is difficult to change completely.We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization, notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the studys lead author. Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrens lives.1. The passage is mainly written to .A. compare two childcare systemsB. criticize the institutional childcareC. present a new research findingD. introduce the basic learning process答案解析：答案为C。本题为主旨大意题。本文运用了总-分-总的写作风格。注意文章第一段 “The amount of time children spend in institutional caremay affect how their brains develop.” 意为 “儿童受到机构式照顾的时间长短或许会影响大脑发育”，和最后一段Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrens lives. 可知，儿童应摆脱机构式照顾，而应在家庭环境下培养，从而降低他们以后有学习障碍的可能性” ，因此，文章主旨是在陈述一种新的发现。A，B，D都不是文章的主旨。2. Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because .A. they suffer form poor living conditionsB. they spend too much time learningC. they dont have freedom staying thereD. they are neither physically nor mentally satisfied答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段首句 “To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development,”可知， 句中“care（照顾）” 对应D选项的 “mentally（精神地）”, “material needs（物质需求）” 对应D选项的 “physically（身体地）”, 故答案为D。3Compared with home-raised children, institutionalized children didnt do as well in tasks like .A. thinking in pictures and self-controlB. working in teams and self-expressionC. putting things in order and self-defenseD. adapting to the environment and self-panning.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从文章的第三段 “Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse control.” 可知，机构式照顾下的儿童比家庭环境下培养的儿童在视觉记忆、注意力、视觉信息和冲动控制上表现要差”, 故答案A “ 思考图片和自我控制” 意思符合文章的内容。4It can be concluded form the passage that .A. the United States is a good place for childrens all-round developmentB. a perfect family is beneficial to childrens all-round developmentC. children in institutional care can hardly achieve anything greatD. nothing has been done to help children in institutional care答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨推断题。结合第一题，本文是在陈述一种观点，即：受到机构式照顾的儿童大脑发育会受到影响， 他们应在家庭环境下培养。A选项未提及；C、D选项太绝对。故答案为B。社会生活类。Blogging may have psychological（心理的）benefits for teens suffering from social anxiety, improving their self-esteem（自尊）and helping them relate better to their friends, according to the new research published by the American Psychological Association. Research has shown that writing a personal diary and other forms of expressive writing is a great way to reduce emotional stress and just feel better, said the studys lead author, Meyran Boniel-Nissim, PhD, of the University of Haifa, Israel.Teens are online anyway, so blogging enables free expression and easy communication with others.Blogging has a stronger positive effect on troubled students well-being than merely expressing their social anxieties and concerns in a private diary, according to the article published online in the APA journal Psychological Services.Opening the blog up to comments from the online community strengthens those effects.The researchers randomly surveyed high school students in Israel,who had agreed to fill out a questionnaire about their feelings on the quality of their social relationships. A total of 161 students - 124 girls and 37 boys, with an average age of 15 - were selected because their scores on the survey showed they all had some level of social anxiety or stress. All the teens reported difficulty in making friends or relating to the friends they had. The researchers assessed the teens self-esteem, everyday social activities and behaviors before, immediately after and two months after the 10-week experiment.Four groups of students were assigned to blog. Two of those groups were told to focus their posts on their social problems, with one group opening the posts to comments; the other two groups could write about whatever they wanted and, again, one group opened the blog up to comments. The number and content of comments were not evaluated for this experiment. The students could respond to comments but that was not required. Two more groups acted as controlseither writing a private diary about their social problems or doing nothing. Participants in the writing and blogging groups were told to post messages at least twice a week for 10 weeks.Four experts, who held masters or doctoral degrees in consulting and psychology, assessed the bloggers social and emotional condition by way of their blog posts. Students were assessed as having a poor social and emotional state if they wrote a lot about personal problems or bad relationships or showed evidence of low self-esteem.Self-esteem, social anxiety, emotional stress and the number of positive social behaviors improved significantly for the bloggers when compared to the teens who did nothing and those who wrote private diaries.Bloggers who were instructed to write specifically about their difficulties and whose blogs were open to comments improved the most. All of these results agreed with the two month follow-up.The authors admitted that the skewed（有偏向的）sex rate was a limitation to the study. However, the researchers analyzed the results separately by sex and found that boys and girls reacted similarly to the experiment and there were no major differences. They said future research should attempt to control the subjects for sex.50The selection of students for the experiment was largely based on. Atheir social relationships Btheir self-esteem Ctheir problems in social lifeDtheir willingness to fill out a question naire51Whats the function of“controls” (Paragraph 4) in the experiment? ATo write down some social problems in a private diary. BTo post messages to the blog and respond to comments. CTo help evaluate the number and content of blog comments. DTo offer a comparison for checking the experimental result.52From the experiment we can know that. Awriting private diaries makes no difference to the relief of ones emotional stress Bteenagers opening their blogs up to comments have more psychological benefits Cthe positive effects of expressing ones emotions by blogging dont last very long Dthose describing bad relationships on blogs tend to develop more mental problems53What can be inferred from the last paragraph? AThe authors insisted that all the research findings were accurate. BSexrate had been taken into account before the survey was conducted. CThe authors were intended to improve the experiment in the future. DSimilar reactions of boys and girls indicated the failure of the experiment.54What is the main idea of thepassage? ABlogging can help reduce social stress and anxiety. BThe research into blogging attracts public attention. CBlogging provides a simple way for communication. DBlog comments have a positive effect on teenagers.【参考答案】79.CDBCA【2020高考复习】完形填空Preparing for TomorrowSixthgrade schoolteacher Ms.Shelton believed in readiness.Students remembered how she walked in on the first day of class and began writing words of eighthgrade on the_16_.They quickly protested that the words were not on their_17_and they couldnt learn them.Their teacher insisted that the students could and would learn these_18_.She said that she would teach them something that should be given.Ms.Shelton_19_by saying that one of the students in the classroom could go on to_20_，maybe even be president someday，and she wanted to prepare them for that day.Ms.Shelton spoke those words many years ago._21_did she know that someday one of her studentsJesse Jacksonwould take them_22_.She believed that if they were well prepared，they could_23_high goals.Ralph Waldo Emerson once said，“People only see what they are_24_to see.”If thats true，then it is also_25_that they only become what they are prepared to become.And many things in life is just about getting ready.“I want to be doing something more_26_with my life than what I am doing now，”a young man once said to me.He_27_what he was doing was just not that important.Other people have said things to me such as，“I only_28_I had a meaningful relationship.Id really like to get a better job，but I just dont see_29_.”You fill in the blanks.What is it you would like to_30_that isnt happening？Perhaps the answer is that you are not yet_31_.Maybe you need more time to prepare before you are truly ready for that which you_32_.Think of today as another chance to_33_yourself for that exciting future you are looking for.Today is not wasted.If you desire more from_34_，then you can use today as training.For you will experience only what you are prepared to_35_.Something wonderful can happen.And you can use today to get ready for tomorrow.16A.desk Bwall Cchalkboard Ddoor答案C结合前面的“Sixthgrade schoolteacher Ms.Shelton”和“began writing words”可知老师在教室里，应该是在黑板(chalkboard)上写字。17A.duty Bdesk Cmind Dlevel答案D由前面的“Sixthgrade schoolteacher”及“writing words of eighthgrade”可知这些词超出了他们的水平。故选D项。18A.words Bgrammars Cpronunciations Dsentences答案A根据第一段中的“writing words of eighthgrade”可知此处表示老师认为学生们能够并且将学会这些单词。19A.started Bended Cwarned Dreminded答案B结合上下文可知此处是老师总结性的话，即老师最后说故选end。20A.greatness Bwealth Chonor Dfailure答案A从后面的“maybe even be president someday”可知此处指将来某一天这个班中的某一个学生会成为伟大的人物(greatness)。wealth财富；honor荣誉；failure失败，均不符合语境。21A.Seldom BLittle CHardly DTotally答案B从后面的“did she know that someday one of her studentsJesse Jacksonwould take them”可知当时这个老师并没有意识到自己的话对学生的影响，其中有一个学生杰克逊很认真地对待了她说的话。se