河南省安阳市2020高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解演练题

河南安阳市2020高考英语阅读理解（二轮）演练题【2020高考训练】阅读理解推理判断题。Expensive perfumes(香水) come in tiny bottles, but many hide a whale-sized secret.To perfect a particular smell, perfume-makers often use an ingredient that comes from sperm whales, called ambergris. But using ambergris, which helps a perfume last longer, is strongly opposed by many people who think it is wrong to kill whales just so we can sweet, Joerg Bohlmann is neither a perfumer nor a whale expert, Hes a plant biologist at the University of British Columbia in Canada. But his discovery of a new plant gene(基因) might push whales out of the perfume business.The gene comes from fir trees, found throughout North America and commonly used as Christmas trees. The trees produce a chemical that can be used in perfume in place of ambergrisbut with a catch.“Theres a problem that many people wouldnt consider. In the tree, the chemical is mixed with many others. That makes separation a challenge,” Bohlmann says.”Its like trying to isolate sugar from a biscuit.”This is where science becomes useful. When Bohlmann learned that fir trees produce the ambergris-like chemical, he decided to use his gene know-how to find the instructions for how to make the ambergris-substitute.Bohlmann found that gene and took it out of the tree cells. Then he did something that might sound strange to someone who doesnt work in genetics: Bohlmann put the gene from the tree into yeast(酵母) cells.Yeast may sound familiar because its used to make things like bread, wine and beer. Biologists like to work tith yeast because it easily adopts new genes and changes its features and behavior. When Bohlmann put the fir tree into the yeast, the yeast started making the same chemical that had seen produced by the tree.Perfumers pay big money for ambergris because it is a fixative, which means it holds a smell in place on a persons body.“Cheap perfumes smell good in the first hour or so and then everything it gone.” explains Bohlmann. “But expensive perfumes are much more stable. Their smell lasts much longer, for hours or even a day after you apply them.”The new chemical, made from the tree genes, can be used as a fixative, too. And using yeast to make it is far cheaper than acquiring ambergris.Bohlmann admits he never thought hed get into the perfume business. But now, he says, producers have been calling to find out how to use his technology in mew perfumes.1. It can be inferred from the passage that if a perfume contains ambergris, .A. Its user probably supports whale huntingB. Its smell will last for about an hourC. There will be a whale symbol on hourD. It is probably very expensive2. The underlined expression “with a catch” in Paragrph 3 means .A. Being difficult to hold B. having a hidden problemC. needing further testing D. being too similar3. According to the passage, why are yeast cells often used in genetic research?A. They can take on the characteristics of other genesB. They can reproduce much faster than other cells.C. They share some of the qualities of plant genes.D. Theyre much cheaper to use than ambergris.4. What can we learn about Joerg Bohlmann from the passage?A. He is opposed to whale hunting.B. He made his discovery during Christmas.C. He has worked in the perfume industry for many years.D. He has previously done genetic esearch.语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了一种使香水香味持久的物质龙涎香，因这一物质来自于鲸，所以遭到人们的反对。科学家们发现一些树中的化学物质可以用来取代它，他们利用酵母菌成功制造出了这些化学物质。1. D 推理判断题。 根据第二段第二句以及倒数第三段可知，含有龙涎香的香水价格昂贵，故D项正确。2. B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Theres a problem that many people wouldnt consider.” 可知该词组意为”有隐含的问题“， 故选B项正确。3. A 细节理解题。根据第七段第二句可知，由于酵母菌容易吸收其他基因，并将目的基因成功表达出来，故常被用于基因工程研究中，故A项正确。4. D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句及第三段表达的语境可知，Joerg Bohlmann 已经意识到，这些树中某些基因所产生的和其他物质可以被用于香水中以代替龙涎香，但是这些化学物质和其他物质混合在一起，难以分离，故可以断定，Joerg Bohlmann 曾经做过基因研究，故D项正确。阅读下列5篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2020高考训练】Ashok Gadgil has spent the past three decades helping people in needand he has no plans to stop .On May 2, Gadgil won the$100000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation. Each year，the honor is given to an inventor who has improved the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgils inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world.Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California. When hes not teaching，he works to find solutions to global problems such as energy efficiency and water safety. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help，”he saidIn the 1980s he came up with a program to make energy-efficient light bulbs more affordable for people in developing countries. Then in the 1990s，Gadgil designed his first lifesaving invention，UV Waterworks .The device kills deadly disease carrying germs(病菌)from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water .Gadgil was inspired to find an inexpensive solution to the clean water crisis after more than 10，000 people in his home country of India died from an outbreak of Bengal cholera，in 1993 The disease is spread through contaminated food and drinking water .So far，the invention has provided safe drinking water to more than five million people in poor areas.As a professor，Gadgil encourages his students to stay positive about finding solutions to hard problems.“Be optimistic when you try a hard problem”he says. “Its when you solve a large problem that you can have a big impact on the world”41. Gadgil was given Lemelson-MIT Award for_.A. his teaching experience B. his new physical researchC. his vast knowledge D. his helpful inventions42. What call we learn about UV Waterworks?A. Its Gadgils first invention B. Its used to clean waterC. it was designed for his home country D. It saved 10，000 people in total43 The underlined word “contamninated”in Paragraph 3 means_.A. wasted B. consumed C. polluted D. canned44. According to the last paragraph，Gadgil encourages his students_.A. to learn lessons from failuresB. to find problems in peaceful lifeC. to make inventions to help poor peopleD. to be confident when facing diffculties45.Which of the following can best describe Gadgil?A. Caring and optimistic.B. Independent and positive.C. Powerful and strict.D. Responsible and sensitive.【参考答案】4145、DBCDA【2020高考训练】Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earths atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows，but it cant get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it cant get out As a result，the temperature rises.Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without it，the earth would be freezing，or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the suns heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer,it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(过滤)it，so people，plants，and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it，if there gets to be too many gases，the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants，animalsand people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat,and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually,people，plants，and animals would all die of hungerPeople are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpoolingdriving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now,more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming,kids call do just as much.46. By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to_.A. explain how global warming happensB. show his feeling in a car in hot summerC. tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gasesD. say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car47. The underlined wordit” in Paragraph 2 refers to_.A. light B. greenhouse effect C. temperature D. heat48. What is the effect of at mosphere?A. IT only traps the heat of the sun.B. It does great harm to humans.C. It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold.D. It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.49. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. lf there is greenhouse effectall the plants will dieB. Human beings are likely to disappear from the earthC. Crops can t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effectD. Although greenhouse effect is necessaryToo much of it will cause us to die.50. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. What kids can do to help stop global warming.B. Who should be responsible for the environmental problems.C. What global warming is doing to the environment.D. Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot【参考答案】4650、ABCDA社会生活类The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2020. These food-price increases, combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but well have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawis harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion altogether.Second, the U. S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U. S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol(乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foodstree crops, grasses and wood productsbut theres no case for the government to pay to put the worlds dinner into the gas tank.Third, we urgently need to weather-proof the worlds crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pondwhich collects rainwater to be used in dry weathercan make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital econo