江苏省沭阳县潼阳中学2020届高三英语一轮复习 名词性从句学案

名词性从句复习名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有：连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which，有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等；连接副词：when，wherewhv，how，有词义，在从句中担任成分作状语；连接词：if（whether），asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分：连接词that无词义一课前导学1名词性从句定义：在主句中起 作用的从句。2. 名词性从句类型：3名词性从句的连接词：1）从属连词： 和 等，在从句中不充当任何成分。2）连接代词： 和 等，在从句中作主语宾语表语定语。3）连接副词： 和 等，在从句中作状语。二课中导教（一）宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether,if; 代词有who, whose,what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:We believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.宾语从句的注意点：1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二和以后that 不省略.例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.（二）主语从句定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。1)由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。Whether it will please them is not easy to say.= It is not easy to say whether it will please them.这是否能让他们高兴很难说2) 由连词that引导的主语从句：That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。注意 A: that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。注意B: 但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。= It is quite clear that they are badly in need of help.3)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoeverWhat seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.对于有些人觉得容易的东西对另一些人来说就难了Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。Whatever 和 no matter what有区别吗？Her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do. 她的手机帮她做她想做的事情4)连接副词when，where， how， why等引起的主语从句：Why he did it remains a mystery.为什么他要这样做仍然是个谜（三）表语从句1.表语从句的引导词:基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that, whether(不用if)外,还可以用because.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though (as if ).例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.(2).The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town.(3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India.(4).That is what he told us.(5).It seems as if it is going to rain.The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem.His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.2.注意点1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.4).不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.（四） 同位语从句1.基本概念： 在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, order, suggestion, proof, message, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如 :1）The thought that we might succeed excited us.2）The question whether they should try a second time is worth considering.3）The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.2.同位语从句与定语从句的异同：相同点：1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。不同点：1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不