湖南省益阳市2020届高考英语专题复习 主旨大意题学案（无答案）

主旨大意题的解题策略I. 学习目标：掌握主旨大意题的解题策略。II. 学习重难点：掌握定位主题句的方法，并灵活运用IV. 学习过程Step 1考纲解读【英语学科阅读理解高考说明】要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段,以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义 （2）理解文中具体信息 （3）根据上下文推断生词的词义（4）作出判断和推理 （5）理解文章的基本结构 （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度Step 2 任务导学学习任务一：了解主旨大意题的设题1 2. 3.学习任务二：掌握定位主题句的方法Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of noodles, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fastfoods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.语篇结构为：Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be designed to satisfy all students at the same time.语篇结构为：Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.语篇结构为：Sample 4Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?语篇结构为：【方法归纳】主题句的位置： 1.段(文) 2.段(文) 3.段(文) 4.段(文)学习任务三：掌握提炼主题句的方法方法：以该主题句中的“ ”为核心，把解释性的词按一定的语法 为概括主题句 的词组或短句。【Practice 1】Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world. The best title for the passage should be _.A. Ways of making coffeeB. Coffee around the worldC. Advice on serving coffeeD. Benefits of drinking coffee【Practice 2】Are you lazy about brushing your teeth? Never fear: An inventor , is on the case. An electric toothbrush (invented by Serval) senses how long and how well you brushServal says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B. Whats the most important invention.C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.学习任务四:归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的主旨的方法SampleOn the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thrusters(推进器) would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the object. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof（防弹的） container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.What is this paragraph mainly about?A. How space trash could be used. B. How Dana designed her satellite.C. How the satellite would work. D. How the satellite would be created.【Practice 3】Shu Pulong has helped at least 1,000 people bitten（咬）by snakes. “I was seeing people with snake bites（伤口）that led me to this career.” He said. In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs out off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted bring me the knife. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said. The best title for this article is_.A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses ArmC. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor【方法归纳】学习任务五：主旨大意题选项的特点1、干扰项的特点 （1） （2） （3）2、正确答案特点:【Practice 4】Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the passage mainly about?A. Ways of experimenting on smoking. B. Information about smokingC. Smoking resulting in cancer. D. Side effects of smoking.Step 3 归纳小结一、主旨大意题的设题方式二、定位主题句的方法三、提炼主题句的方法四、归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的主旨的方法五、主旨大意题选项的特点Step 4综合训练Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when theyre in poorly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when its time to repaint, go blue.Dont forget the clock or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal._. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat