高考英语一轮复习 Unit19—Unit20知识要点聚焦

Unit 19Unit 20知识要点聚焦1重点词汇单词：merchant, crown, deny, mercy, enemy, responsible, weakness，judgement，gentleman，greeting，envy，troublesome， accuse，fortune，merciful，bargain，bless，legal，deed，surgeon， requirement，declare，court，justice，therefore，worthy，punishment， punish，kindness，order，sword，complex，decoration，pin, clothing， dozen，tend，approximately，average，statue，remote，distant，quantity， accompany, vast, square短语：pay back，have mercy on，go about，as far as I know，afterall，tear up，at the mercy of，go down on ones knees，tend to，interms of，in the eyes of，lend a hand，serve as，dig up2重点句型The Duke asked Shylock to be reasonable.Bssanio asked if all men killed the things they didnot love.It is certain that the man in the grave spent his youth in central Europe.It has been proved that the copper knives came from Spain and western France.3交际用语Correct me if Im wrong，but .One of the most important facts is.You could，for example, .As far as I know，.I wonder what/who.That may be difficult to find out重点考点精释1. mercy n怜悯；仁慈 have mercy on sb/show mercyto/sb.宽恕某人without mercy毫不怜悯地；无情地！at the mercy of任凭的摆布 May God have mercy on their soulsThey showed mercy to the defeated enemy.The judge threw him into prison without mercyNature used to have us at its mercy.2. go/get down on ones knees跪下；屈膝Never go down on ones knees before enemyHe got down on his knees and begged for mercy3. cut off割，切；停止Be careful not to cut your fingers(off)He cut off some branches from the tree.They cut off all medical/supplies to/for that area4. envy n.vt. 羡慕；嫉妒envy n. envy n. n. My success excited his envyJohn envied his friends successI envy you your good fortune5. leave vt. 使处于某种状态leave n. adjleave ndoingleave n. doneleave n. as 从句 Yond better leave all the windows openDid you leave the doors and windows locked?Im sorry to have left you waiting, outside in the rain.Dont touch my writing-tableLeave it as it is辨析leave/forgetleave忽略做某事，忘记带某一物品。forget遗忘某事在头脑中原本留存的概念或印象，表示记忆的缺失：The child left his toy car in the parkI forget his name.Did you forget that I was coming?6. tend vt，倾向于；趋向 tend to do倾向做某事tend to/towards趋于 The local people tend to be unfriendly to strangers.I tend to go to bed earlier during the winter.The sort of music he listens to varies，but tends to popular music.He tends towards extreme views.7. allow短语Allow for考虑到；体谅allow of允许 You should always allow for the possibility that it might rainHe often makes mistakes，but we must allow for his youth and inexperience.Such conduct allows of no excuse.The matter allows of no further explanation8. remote adj遥远的；偏僻的They came to Peking from the remotest parts of our countryThey found a lot of cultural relics of remote ages in my villageIt is remote visage in the nulls9have短语 Have a history of 有的历史Have a population of 有人口Have an area of 有面积China has a population of 13 billion and a history of thousands of years.The city has a population of 15 million and an area of 105 square kilometers10accompany vt陪伴，陪同；伴奏，伴唱They may swim provided that an adult accompanies them.He offered to accompany a foreign visitor to the airport.She would accompany him wherever her husband went.Teachers tend to accompany their speech with gestures.Who will accompany me on the violin?The pianist accompanied her singing11. now that既然Now that you are here，let，s have a discussion over the question.Now that youve come，you may as well stay.Now that you are reading the article，lets stop discussion for a while.Now that/seeing that/in that.高考样题例释1. (2020年广东）The great success of this program has been due to the support given by the local businessmen.Arather B. veryC. quickly D. largely【解析】答案为D。largely due to表示“主要因为”，注意副词与不同形容词的固定搭配。2（2020年北京）Im sorry I stepped outside for a smokeI was very tiredThere is no for this while you are on duty.A. reason Bexcuse C. cause Dexplanation【解析】答案为B。reason原因，理由；excuse借口；cause起因，原因；explanation解释。根据语境可知，B为最佳答案。3（2000年上海）It is widely accepted that young babies learn to dothings because certain acts lead to ArewardBprizesC. awardsDresults【解析】答案为A。reward 指因为做出了努力得到的“报偿” prize指竞赛或抽彩中“奖品”或“奖赏”；award指因为竞赛获胜或工作成绩卓著而获得的 “奖赏”或”荣誉”;result结果。句意：人们普遍认为，婴儿之所以学会做事是因为某些行为会得到赞赏。单选高考模拟1. It is reported that Americans eat much protein（蛋白质）every dayThey eat as they actually needA. twice as much Bas twice muchC. much as twice Das much twice2Well，its a long storyPlease be patientExcuse me, if your calls not too urgent（紧急的），do you mind mine first?A. I make B. if I makeCme to make Dthat I make3After a few rounds of talks，both sides regarded the territory dispute(领土争端） A. being settled Bto be settledC. had settled D. as settled4. I shouldnt have left the key to a stranger. Thats A. what he is Bwhere you are wrongC. what youve done Dbecause youre wrong5. If you can make the teacher teaches , you will make rapid progress.A. all; yourself B. all that; yourC. what; yours D. all that; you6. He is to have been very busy at that time.A. told B. mentionedC. pretended D. said7As we all know, several primary schools and factories were renamed him.A. from BatC. after Dto8His rude manners have made him friends.A. some BfewC. several D. many9. Profits went up by 4last year，and this year.A. have not decreased B. were not decreasedChad not decreased Ddidnt decrease10. I dont feel very well. I think Im with the flu.A. going up B. coming downCdropping in Dgetting in touch全真模拟训练一、单项填空1. The meeting over，people found these boys at the desks and to musicAwas；seating；listeningB. being; seated; listeningC. was；seated; listenedDbeing；seating; listening2. How I his speedy recovery!A. hoped B. hoped forChoped to Dhoped with3. Can you work out the maths problem? Im completely .A. at the sea B. by seaC. no sea D. at sea4The old man her sons and daughters and see her from time to time.A. suggested；to come B. hoped；to comeCdesired; coming Ddesired；to come5. The machine highly valuable in heart surgery.A. was proved B. has been provedC. proved D. proven6 that we had no time to escape.A. Sudden the attack wasB. The attack was suddenC. Was the attack so suddenDSo sudden was the attack7. The young man wanted some more bread，but there was left.A. nothing B. nobodyC. on one D. none8. Will 1000 yuan the cost of a cellphone?A. meet Bcover C. content Ddemand9. It isnt quite whether our football team wilt win the game.A. sure Bsurely C. certain D. certainly10 the rain，the crops are growing for the betterA. Thanking to B. Thanks forCThanking for DThanks to11He thought of everything money.A. in terms for B. in terms withC. in terms of Din the term of12Since 1929，more than 1，000 relics between 5，000 BC and 3，000 BC have been discoveredAdates back to Bdated back toC. dating back to Ddates from13He has made a、wonderful discovery， of great importance to science.A. which I think is Bwhich do I thinkC. I think which is D. which I think it is14 I know，the two sides have reached an agreement.A. As far as B. As long asC. As soon as D. As well as15This sentence can an exampleA. serve as BserveC. be served as Dbe served二、完形填空Washington-There are more than 222 million TVs in American homesAnd it would 1 Frank Vespe, the Ahead of the TV Turnoff Network，very happy this week if every 2 one was turned off.For TV Turnoff Week，American kids are encouraged to 3 for one week. without watching TVThis year it 4 from April 23一29“Our real 5 here is to see what life is like without TV and then make watching TV a conscious 6 ，”said Vespe.Sarah，one kid of 9 in Virginia， 7 it wont be too hard to give up TVShes 8 to watch only educational television, and her favorite 9 from last year isnt on any more10 ,there are plenty of good things about TV: programs can be entertaining， 11 educationalEven so，some experts arent sure TV Turnoff Week is 12 .“Too much TV is not goodA little 13 of TV for young kids is good because it adds to their vocabulary. The 14 line is moderation（适中）：”says Susan Neuman，an educator who studies kids and reading.Neuman says the 15 problem is that parents dont keep track of what their kids are watchingThey dont 16 limits on TV viewingAlso，in some families，TV might be the only thing 17 is to do.What message does Sarah have for other kids? “Its a good ideaI survived a whole week without TVIt 18 teaches you to enjoy time doing different things and not being 19 into something on TV，because you dont want TV 20 all of your time,” Sarah said.1A. take B. makeC. have D. let2A. last BfirstC. past D. half3A. use B. payC. go D. pass4. A. dates B. stopsC. starts D. runs5A. message B. informationC. title Dbelief6A. plan B. suggestionC. report D. decision7A. hopes B. realizesC. admits D. advises8A. said B. orderedC. allowed D. forced9A. advertisement B. showC. photo D. films10A. So far B. As usualC. For example D. Of course11A. further BstillCeven D. ever12. A. the problem Bthe answerC. the result D. an answer13A. bit B. pieceC. unit D. number14A. bottom B. topC. upper D. middle15. A. true B. realC. possible D. final16A. put B. placeC. lay D. set17A. it BhereC. there D. that18A. already B. eitherC. also D. too19A. trapped B. putC. controlled D. sucked20. A. taking up B. making upC. putting up D. picking up三、阅读理解AIn Britain，just after the main television news programmes， audience figures rise. Its weather forecast time. The BBC broadcasts forty-four live forecasts a day, 433 hours of weather a year，suing forecasters from the Meteorological Office（气象局）The Met. Office foretells about the weather seven days in advance. These are based on observations（观测）from the ground，from satellites and from radar. The observations are stored in a computer that can do up to 4，000 million calculations a secondIn Britain the weather is news. A television weather forecast often begins with an interesting fact the town with the top temperature of the day or the place with the most rain“The public like that kind of information，”says senior forecaster Bill Giles. The BBC forecasters are professional meteorologists，but they do not have an easy jobThey are the only presenters on television who do not have a written text to refer to, and they cannot see the map that they are describing. Viewers are often critical(A-91的），eapecially of female presentersOne woman left her job after rude letters and newspaper reports about her clothesThe British talk about the weather more than almost any other subject，so it is a surprise to discover that severity percent of television viewers cannot remember what they saw on the weather forecasts “What happens is that people like watching and hearing the forecasts，but they probably only take real notice when they need to when theyre going on holiday or wondering what the weather will be like for the tennis at Wimbledon,”says one forecaster“Or，of course，when. we make mistakes！”1In Britain，television weather forecasts Aare more popular than news programmesBare recorded in advanceCare broadcast twice a dayDare clearly remembered by most viewers2BBC forecasters feel their job difficult Abecause they have little knowledge of weatherBbecause they have to speak from memoryCbecause viewers do not like themDbecause they have to begin forecasts with interesting stories3. According to the passage，forecasts depend on .A. viewers Blarge computersC. BBC D. observationsBNews has just been received of an air crash in the north of England. The plane, which was on a charter（包租的）flight from London to Carlisle，was carrying a party of businessmen on their way to a trade fair. It seems likely that the plane ran into a heavy fog as it was getting close to Carlisle and was forced to circle for some twenty minutesEverything seemed to be going wellThe pilot was in constant radio communication with Control, when the engines suddenly cut out and all contact was lostThe plane crashed on the site of the ancient Roman camp at Hadrians Hill，a place well known, to archaeologists（考古学家）and touristsSo far few details have been reported，but it is feared that atleast twenty people lost their lives，among whom was the pilot，whowas killed instantlyThe local ambulance and firemen were on thescene within minutes of the crash，but additional help had to berushed from other areas.MrLesilie Collins，one of the survivors, told our reporter，“We passengers noticed the engines were making a funny noise. Of course we couldnt see anything because of the fog, but the pilot said there was nothing to worry aboutThe next thing, we know，the engines went deadThere was a rushing noise and a kind of flash-and after that I dont remember any more.”MrCollins is now in hospital，being treated for minor injuriesWe will be bringing you further news of the crash as we receive it. In the meantime relatives are asked to ring 023457211 for information.4The plane that crashed was .Areturning from a trade fairBon a regular flight to CarlisleC. flying some-businessmen to LondonD. not on a regular flight5When the plane neared Carlisle it because of the heavy fog.Adidnt get any instruction to landBwas unable to hear Ground ControlChad to wait for further instructions to landDwas forced to turn back6. The news report tells. us that when the crash occurred .Athe local help immediately came to the rescueBall the passengers and the pilot were killedCadditional help was unnecessaryDhelp was long delayed7From what Mr. Collins said，it appears that he .Aremembered everything that happenedBhad only an incomplete picture of what happenedCremembered speaking to the pilotDheard and saw nothing at allC“Business is war”The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way：winning the competition，getting market share, beating up suppliers，locking up customersThere are the victors and the losersBut today in doing business，you have to listen to customers，work with suppliers，keep good relations even with competitors That doesnt sound dike warBesides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as wellIn other words，business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation，we turn to game theoryGame theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent（相互依存的）factors and no decision can be made in isolation（孤立）from, other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements(要素)players, added values, rules, tactics(计谋)，and scope(PARTS). Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course youre heading, thats where youll end up. Sometimes thats good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. Thats because youre playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.8. The author of this passage is the idea that Business is war.A. in favor of B. againstC. considering D. doubtful of9. PARTS stands for .A. Players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeBall of the elements in the game theoryC. the parties in a gameDthe parts that affect the result of the game10The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph is .Ayou are really good at playing the game，but you still lose it outByou are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terriblyCyou play the game too well to suffer great lossDthe competition is so hard that; you have to put all your heart into it11The author emphasizes that A. we shall play very hardBwe shall continue in the course we are headingC. we shall, play in the right directionDwe shall always change no matter the change is good or notDMany scientists today are convinced that life exists else where in the universe probably much like that on, our own planet. They reason in the following way.As far as astronomers can determine，the entire universe is built of the same matterThey have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universeTherefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars，with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.Life requires，the right amount and kind of atmosphereThis eliminates(排除）all those planets in the universe that rare not about the same size and weight as the earth，As smaller planet would lose its atmosphereA larger one would hold too much of it.Life also req