高中英语谈谈关系代词的用法专题辅导

高中英语谈谈关系代词的用法定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词，通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词，把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词。现就关系代词who，whom，that，which及whose引导定语从句时的用法作以归纳。一、关系代词whowho表示“的(人)”，在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，所引导的定语从句一般修饰指人的名词或代词，在口语或非正式语言中，可作定语从句中的宾语，相当于whom，可省略。These are the workers(who/whom) he employs. 这些是他雇佣的工人。This is Uncle Li who mended computers for us. 这就是为我们修电脑的李叔叔。二、关系代词whomwhom表示“的(人)”，在定语从句中作宾语，所引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词或代词，常省略。Mr. Wang is the man(whom) we all respect. 王先生是我们大家都尊重的人?The soldier (whom) you want to see has already come. 你要见的那名士兵已经来了。三、关系代词thatthat表示“的(事物)”，所引导的定语从句修饰指事物或人的名词或代词，通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。The book (that) I am reading is very interesting. 我正在看的这本书非常有趣。四、关系代词whichwhich表示“的(事物)”，所引导的定语从句修饰指事物的名词或代词，其中which通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。He works for a company which makes washing machines. 他在一家生产洗衣机的公司工作。Take away the pencil which is lying on the desk. 把课桌上的那支铅笔拿走。The money (which) they found in the street is mine. 他们在街上捡到的钱是我的。五、关系代词whosewhose表示“那个(那些)人的、它（它们)的”时，所引导的定语从句修饰指人或事物的名词，其中whose在从句中作定语，修饰名词 如：There is nobody whose name is Wang Pengtao here. 这儿没有名叫王鹏涛的人。The aunt whose photo I showed you yesterday will come to see us this evening. 昨天我给你看她的照片的阿姨今晚要来看我们。注意：that和which都指事物时，一般可以通用。但在下列情况下多用that，不用which：1. 先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few，none，the one等时。Say all (that) you know. 把你知道的全部讲出来。Is there anything (that) I can do for you now? 现在我能为你做点儿什么吗?I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我指的是昨天买的那个。2. 先行词为序数词或被序数词（含last）修饰时。如：This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里以来看的第一部电影。The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。3. 先行词被形容词的最高级或the very，the only等修饰时。如：This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten. 这是我吃到的苹果中最大的一个。She is the very thief (that) the police are looking for. 她就是警方正在寻找的那个小偷。Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia. 玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。4. 先行词中既有人又有物时。如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。5. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：This is a dictionary that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的字典。Dont cheat me. Im no longer the little boy that I was ten years ago. 别骗我了，我再也不是十年前的那个小男孩了。在下列情况下用which，而不用that：1. 关系代词前有介词时。 如：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 这就是我十年前住过的房子。2. 先行词本身是that时。如：What was that which he said? 他说了些什么？3. 在以who，which开头的句子中多用that。巩固练习1. They are going swimming in the river water is very clear.A. that B. which C. whose D. who2. When people talk about the cities of China, the first comes into their mind is Beijing.A. city B. of them C. one D. that3. This is the girl they have taken care of for over a year.A. of whom B. whom C. whose D. which4. Is this the shop sells childrens clothing?A. which B. whose C. who D. the one5. The doctor is leaving for America next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking6. The girl visited our school yesterday is from Japan.A. who B. which C. whom D