（通用版）2020高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 第三讲 语法专题 四 动词的时态、语态和语气课堂达标训练

动词的时态、语态和语气.单句语法填空1(2020高考安徽卷改编)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I _ (leave) my book in the cafe.解析：句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时。答案：had left2(2020高考北京卷改编)In the last few years，China _(make) great achievements in environmental protection.解析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。答案：has made3(2020高考北京卷改编)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I _ (call) him later.解析：句意：Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。答案：will call4(2020高考湖南卷改编)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _ (ask)，“What do you wish me to do now？”解析：句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。答案：asked5(2020高考陕西卷改编)Marty _(work)really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.解析：句意：马蒂一直在非常努力地写书，他认为他将在周五前完成。由后文提示hell have finished it by Friday可知，work这一动作发生在过去，一直延续到现在，并且现在还在进行，故要用现在完成进行时。答案：has been working6(2020高考北京卷改编) If I _ (not see) it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it.解析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldnt have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if主语haddone的形式。答案：hadnt seen7(2020高考陕西卷改编) Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _(dance) as well as her.解析：句意：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用could/should/would/might do，叙述与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去式。答案：danced8(2020高考北京卷改编)Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We _(treat) well by our hosts.解析：句意：你喜欢这个聚会吗？是的，我们受到了主人很好的招待。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treat是动宾关系，用被动语态。设空处故用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：were treated9.If you _(refer) to the failed experiences，you would not have made such a mistake in your homework.解析：句意：如果你参考一下这些失败的教训的话，你就不会在你的作业中犯下这样的错误。根据主句would not have made可知表示对过去事实相反的假设，故从句用had done。答案：had referred10The girl insisted that she _ (be)not wrong and _(send)back to the classroom.解析：句意：那女孩坚持说她没错并坚决要求把她送回教室。insist作“坚持认为”时，要用陈述语气；作“坚决主张；坚决要求”时，用虚拟语气。答案：was；(should) be sent.语篇填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)When he was a little boy，Christopher Cockerell once 1._ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewingmachine with her hand.“Wouldnt it work quicker if a machine turned the wheel for you？” he asked.“I suppose it would，” said his mother，without paying him any attention.Christopher 2._ (know) she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help her.Up in his bedroom there was a toy steamengine which his father 3._ (buy) him as a gift.“I 4._ (make) better use of it，” little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother 5._ (not use) her sewingmachine，he fixed the toy steamengine onto it.When the job 6._ (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother 7._ (like) it.“Very clever，” his mother said，when she 8._ (see) it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I 9._ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained.This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries to improve anything 10._ (have) to l