高考英语短文理解学案（17）

阅读理解技巧一、 先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、 速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。APlease be advised that Nairobi like any other large city has a security and crime problem.However,if you observe the following simple guidelines you will stay and have a troublefree seminar（研讨会）:1.Do not wear a money belt.This makes you a instant target.2.Gameras of all kinds are a favourite with snatchers.Feel free to use them within the Starehe Campus and the hotel grounds but not in the streets.3.Ladies handbags are also a regular snatch.Avoid carrying one,and if you must,be alert and hold on to it tightly.4.Jewellery and even glasses with valuable frames are also often targeted.Bear this in mind.5.When in a vehicle keep the doors always locked,and the windows only slightly openespecially at traffic lights,junctions and in slow moving traffic.6.Beware of street children,their begging often quickly transforms into something more unpleasant.7.Stay with the main party all the time,and avoid wandering off on your own.8.Finally,the best defence is to be alert at all times and conscious of your environment.Should you have any problem,query or need help at any hour of the day or night call any of the following and they will do their best for you: OFFICE FLXED HOME FIXED Mobile Phone1 KENEDY HONGO 763856/761221 7631820733 7612942 FRED OKONO 761221 764988 0733 6044903 EDWIN OTIENO 761221 761642/763011 072 70127956.This selection must be delivered by .A.the Nairobe city government B.the police of the Nairobe AirportC.the organizer of the seminar D.Kennedy Hongo,a detective57.After reading this notice,visitors to Nairobe might gain an impression that .A.Fred Okono and his fellow workmates are very kind and helpfulB.Nairobe is a large city which is very developedC.the crime problem is very serious in the city of NairobeD.they should not have paid a visit to Nairobe,and should buy a ticket back immediately58.The notice tells us that .A.something unpleasant could happen to you if you use a camera during the seminarB.ladies must not wear handbag or any jewelleryC.in the hotels of Nairobe,it might be dangerous to stay in a single roomD.everything will be OK if you always watch out and are clear about the surroundingsBWith only about 1,000 pandas left in the world,China is desperately trying to clone （克隆）the animal and save the endangered species（物种）.Thats a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark.” Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs,embryos（胚胎）,semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen.If certain species should become extinct,Dr.Duane Kraemer,a professor in Texas A & M s College of Veterinary Medicine,says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals,birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years.The panda,native only to China,is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. This week,Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit.They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer（核子移植）of one species to another is not easy,and the lack of available (capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,”Kraemer believes.“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby).It takes a long time and its difficult,but this could be groundbreaking science if it works.They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk,so it is worth the effort,”adds Kraemer,who it one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A & M,the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done,and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark.Were both trying to save animals that face extinciton.I certainly appreciate their effort and theres a lot we can learn form what they are attempting to do.Its a research that is very much needed.”59.The aim of “Noahs Ark”project is to .A.make efforts to clone the endangered pandasB.save endangered animals from dying outC.collect DNA of endangered animals to studyD.transfer the nuclear of one animal to another60.According to Professor Kraemer,the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack to .A.available panda eggs B.host animals C.qualified researchers D.enough money61.The best title for the passage may be .A.Chinas Success in Pandas CloningB.The First Cloned Panda in the WorldC.Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD.Chinathe Native Place of Pandas Forever62.From the passage we know that .A.Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dogB.scientists try to implant a pandas egg into a rabbitC.Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researchesD.about two thousand of species will probably die out in a centuryCThe common cold is the worlds most widespread illness,which is plagues （疫病）that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy（谬误）of all is that colds caused by cold.They are not.They are caused by viruses（病毒）passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact,directly or indirectly,with someone who already has one.It cold causes colds,it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches （战壕）,cold and wet,showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（奥斯维辛集中营）,naked and starving,were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England,volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.After taking hot baths,they put on bathing suits,allowed themselves to be with cold water,and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If,then,cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds,why are they more frequent in the winter?Despite the most painstaking research,no one has yet found the answer.One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times,and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold.There are drugs and pain suppressors（止痛片）such as aspirin,but all they do is to relieve the symptoms（症状）.63.The writer offered examples to support his argument.A.4 B.5 C.6 D.364.Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?A.The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.B.Colds are not caused by cold.C.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.D.A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already had one.65.Arctic explorers may catch colds when .A.they are working in the isolated arctic regionsB.they are writing reports in terribly cold weatherC.they are free from work in the isolated arctic regionsD.they are coming into touch again with the outside world66.Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit .A.suffered a lot B.never cuaght coldsC.often caught colds D.became very strong67.The passage mainly discusses .A.the experiments on the common cold B.the fallacy about the common coldC.the reason and the way people catch coldsD.the continued spread of common coldsDIs language,like food,a basic human need?Judging from the result of the violent experiment by a German king.Frederick ,in the 13th century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if the heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.All the babies died before the first year.But clearly there was more than language deprivation here.What was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such violent deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick .Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive（不敏感）to the signals of the baby,whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily.If these sensitive periods are neglected（忽视）,the ideal time for gaining language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.Linguists（语言学家）suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence（顺序）and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turn out to be of high IQ.Recent facts suggest that baby is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Mans brain,compared with that of the monkeys,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear（玩具熊）with the sound pattern“teddy-bear”.But speech has to be stimulated（刺激）,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling（牙牙学语）,grasping,crying and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity（不敏感）of the mother to these signals dulls（使迟钝）the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals in essential to the growth and development of language.67.Frederick IIs experiment was violent because .A.he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speakB.he paid no attention to the importance of mothering to the infantC.he was unkind to the nursesD.he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue68.The reason some children are backward in speaking today is that .A.their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speakB.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help themC.they do not listen carefully to their mothersD.their brains have to absorb too much language at once69.By critical times in Paragraph 3 the author means .A.difficult periods in the childs lifeB.moments when the child becomes critical to its motherC.important stages in the childs development D.times when mothers often neglect their children70.Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A.Ability to learn to speak a language is inborn in man.B.Children do not need to be encouraged to learn to speak.C.Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligent.D.Most children learn their language in definite stages.EBe Healthy!Be Slim!Be Beautiful!Discover the secret for a Healthy,Slim,Beautiful You!Discover how to be Healthy,Slim and BeautifulI love this healthy diet program because it helps you lose weight,lose inches,feel healthy and look beautiful.This healthy diet is an 8-week program which is unlike other diet regimes（食物疗法）in that it focuses on proper nutritional（营养）first and weight loss second.Your body must have proper levels of minerals,vitamins,and protein（蛋白质）in order to work well.It provides a simply lifestyle change to give you more energy and improve your health most greatly.It offers control over stomach and continuing hunger with a calorie dense diet allowing