高三英语语法专项复习之动词的时态和语态 人教版

高三英语语法专项复习之动词的时态和语态时态1 一般现在时1)表示现在的特征或状态如：He loves sportsI am a teacherShe is good at music。2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作如：He gets up at 6：00It seldom snows here in winterHe always helps others 、3)表示客观真理或事实如：Light travels faster than soundWater boils at 100Two and four is six4)瞬间动词的一般时可表示将来时(表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，多用来指飞机、火车、汽车、轮船等交通具的定点运行时间)瞬间动词包括：begin，start，come，go，leave，arrive，stop，take off 如：The flight to Shanghai takes off at 1 1：00amThe next train leaves at 9：00pmSchool begins the day after tomorrow5)在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来时如：Tell her the news when she comesWe can get there in time if we start early6)以here，there开头的倒装句中，用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作如：Here comes the bus=The bus is coming here2现在进行时1)表示目前或目前这一阶段正在进行的动作如：We are having an English classHow are you getting along with your work recently?Im writing a book these days。2)表示渐变，用于下列动词；get，grow，become，turn,run，go，begin等 。如：The leaves are turning redIts getting warmer and warmer3)瞬间动词的进行时表示很近的、或计划好的将来时如:Spring is comingWe are leaving on FridayThe old man is coming4)be going to结构不表示进行时，而表示打算或计划好的要发生的事情。如：Im going to Shanghai tomorrowIm afraid its going to rain5)现在进行时与副词alwaysconstantly等连用可表示经常性的动作或状态，带有感情色彩。如：He is always thinking of his work(赞扬)He is always asking foolish questions(批评)lThe girt is always crying(不耐烦)You are constantly leaving things about(责备)3一般将来时1)表示将要发生的动作或状态。如：lll give you the answer tomorrowHe will finish his work in a week2)在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时而用一般现在时来替代将来时。如：1 wont go to the party unless I am invited3)几种表示将来时的结构：(1)willshall表示自然状况，如：She will be 18 years old next yearAccording to the weather forecast，it will rain this afternoon(2)be going to表示打算的、准备好的、或比较肯定发生的事情，如：Im going to learn another foreign language next year。我打算明年再学一门外语。I think it is going to rain我觉得天要下雨。We are going to be on holiday next week(3)be doing此结构通常用于一些瞬间动词：leave，come，go，begin，start，arrive，die，marry等。(见进行时)(4)be about to表示马上要发生的动作或事情：如：We are about to leave我们马上就走。The meeting is about to start会议马上开始。(5)be to do表示计划安排的要发生的事情，可能性非常大，可表示职责、义务、意图、约定等。如：You are to be back by 10：00 pm你晚上10：00前必须得回来。We are to meet at the school gate我们在学校大门口见面。All these things are to be answered for所有这一切都是要被偿还的。6)一般现在时可表示将来时(见一般现在时)4.现在完成时1)表示现在以前发生的动作，持续到现在，也可能是多次。如：We have learnt English for five yearsI have seen the film for many times2)动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响，或表达说话人的感情 。如；He has already left.(强调已不在这儿)What has happened to him?他究竟怎么了?区别：What happened to him?他怎么了?3)瞬间动词可用于完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的介词for连用。如： He has died()He has died for ten years()应为:He has been dead for ten yearsShe has married()She has married for five years。()应为:She has been married for five years。He has left()He has left for ten minutes()应为：He has been away for ten minutes。4)常用于现在完成时的词或短语提示：so far，up till now，since，for，recently，already，just，yet， ever，never等。5一般过去时1)表示过去某时发生的动作I overslept yesterday l didnt have breakfast this morning2)表示过去的特征或状态He was once a teacher他过去当过老师。The poor had no chance to go to school before Liberation3)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作 He used to get up early6过去进行时1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作1 was doing my homework when he came in2)瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去将来。l asked him whether he was coming back for supper3)过去进行时与副词连用也可表达赞美、厌烦、批评等情绪The two brothers were always quarrelling这兄弟俩过去总是吵架。7过去完成时1)表示过去某个时刻之前已经发生的动作(使用此时态时一定要注意句中或语境中的时态提示，即句中的过去时间标志)By the end of last yeas，they had finished reading 1，000books(过去时态标志是by the end of last year，表示去年年底之前)The film had started when we got to the cinema(过去时态标志是got to，表示在到达电影院之前)He told me that he had been to Shanghai for three times(过去时态标志是told，表示在他告诉我之前)2)过去完成时有时也可表示动作的持续，持续到语境中的过去时间标志为止。When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time(持续到I came to Shanghai)3)如果两个动作紧接着发生，即衔接性很强，就不必用过去完成时。After we said goodbye to each other，we leftJust before I left Beijing，l sent them a telegram4)过去完成时常用于间接引语和虚拟语气。8过去将来时1)表示相对于过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。He said he would go to Shanghai for the holidayI told him 1 would see him off at the station2)表示过去将来时的结构wouldshould waswere going towaswere about to do waswere to do区别同现在将来时9现在完成进行时havehas been doing现在完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在并继续发生；或动作发生在过去不持续但反复发生，到现在还会继续反复发生。使用完成时时除有时表达动作的持续外，还强调后果和影响或表达感情色彩。(1)We have been sitting here all afternoon(表持续到现在，说话时还在sitting here)(2)一You look tiredWhat has happened to you?l have been painting the house all day 1ong(不强调持续，说话时已经不再painting the house)注意句子所表达的感情：一你看起来很累，到底发生什么事了?现在完成时表达“关心”。一我刷了整整一天的房子强调结果或影响“累”)。10过去完成进行时had been doing过去完成进行时表示动作发生在过去的过去，持续到过去某一点并继续发生；或不表持续，而是反复发生到过去的某点，并继续反复发生。(1)When I reached the village，it had been raining for fivedays The fields were all under water(表示持续，我到村庄时，雨还在下。)(2)I didnt know what he had been doing a11 these years(不强调持续，而表达我的纳闷的心情。我不知道他这年来一直在忙些什么。)11将来完成时willshall have done将来完成时表达到将来某个时刻为止即将完成的动作。I shall have finished the book before lunchWhen we get there，they11 probably have leftBy the end of next year well have learnt English for eight years12将来进行时willshall be doing表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作What will you be doing at 8：00 tomorrow evening?When you come next week，I shall be working