高考英语一轮复习 Unit15—Unit16知识要点聚焦

Unit 15Unit 16知识要点聚焦1重点词汇单词：upset，altitude，guarantee，gather，feast，dip，analyse，chat， rate, arrangement，cheque，entry，mental，physical, suffering， greedy, unemployment，sacrifice，former，vain，eventually，dawn， overcome, insist，plain，resist，chief，afterwards，widespread，rot， supply，willing短语：look into，every now and then，get/be tired of，cool off in vain，take a chance，leave alone，insist on，as a result，put on，on sale，in turn2.重点句型It is important for you to decide where to goNot finding his passport, he could. Not go on the trip.It is impossible for lost time to be made upHe asked for the letter to be sent at once3.交际用语The water is used to/forIf we，we canOne of the reasons why. is.is often followed by.What does the landscape look like?How long/wide/high/tall is the.？重点考点精释1. stretch v.变宽，变长；伸展；延伸The road stretched(itself) away as far as the eye could see.The forests stretch（themselves) out for hundreds of kilometersWe dont want to stretch the meeting out.The Great Wall actually stretches for 6000 kilometers.2tire短语 be/get tired of变得对厌倦be tired from/with因 而疲劳tire sb. out使筋疲力尽 Tired of her complaints about the program，I turned off the TV.Im tired of having the same kind of food every day.I was tired from having sat up all nightShe is tired with running.The long journey tired them out3. cool off凉快下来；冷淡下来She told me it was just hot，and needed to cool off.Their friendship cooled off when Jim told a lie.注意cool down可表示与cool off相同的意思，只是cool down还可表示“使冷却”:A、heated argument can be settled down better if both sides cooldown/of f first.Blow on the soup to cool it down4be located. .位于；坐落在The business is located right in the center of town.The factory is located near the river.5feast n，宴请；盛宴；享受Give/hold a feast 举行宴会A feast for eyes 赏心悦目的事feast（sb）on sth用款待某人feast ones eyes on尽情欣赏 They held a feast in honour of the presidentThe flower show is a feast for eyes.They feast us on a variety of seafoodThe flies are feasting on rotting fleshIf you like luxury cars，feast your eyes on these.6. upset vt使心烦意乱，使难过adj苦恼的，难过的；不适的n. 混乱，搅乱Dont upset yourself by thinking about what might have beenHe was very upset that you, didnt reply to his lettersIve got an upset stomach-serves me right for eating so muchIt would be quite an upset if the favourite didnt win.辨析nervous, anxious, upsetnervous：指在事情发展的过程中有一种害怕的感觉：Im always nervous when I have to make a speech.anxious由于害怕某种事情会发生而感到焦急：Your mother will be anxious until she hears you are set，upset, Eh于某事的发生而感到心烦意乱：She was very upset when the, dog died7辨析know/know, about (of)Know sth. 表示直接 “认识”或“知道”某事物；而know about sth.表示 “得知，了解”有关某事物的情况， “某事物”不是直接知道或认识的对象：While they are my neighbours，I do not know them well.Do you know of anyone her who is able to speak several foreign languages?Besides，my father was a sailor, and I want to know about all the places he used to go to.8. sacrifice vn牺牲（品） sacrifice nfor sth.sacrifice n. to (do)sth. make sacrifices for为 牺牲A heroic sacrifice英勇牺牲He asked each of his older girls to sacrifice herself for the family.We decided to sacrifice a trip to a new car.She sacrificed her career to marry himThe soldiers made sacrifices for their country9. former adj.原先的；以前的；昔日的I still hold my former view that he is rightOur former headmaster delivered a speech at yesterdays meeting.注意the former “前者”，与the latter “后者”相对应：Did he walk or swim? The former seems more likely.10to death短语 Be shot to death 被枪打死Bleed to death 失血过多而致死Starve to death 饿死Burn to death 烧死Work sb. to death 让某人累死累活地干Freeze to death 冻死Sentence to death by the court 被法庭判处死刑To death 极度Be bored to death 烦死了Worry sb. to death 让烦的要命Be scared to death 怕得要命11. in vain徒劳；白费；毫无结果It took A great deal of courage to admit that all her efforts had been in vain.All the sacrifices that have been made are in vainWe promise here that these dead shall not have died in vainDoctors tried in vain to save him butte died just before dawnI tried to persuade him to give up smoking，but in vain12. pride n.自豪；骄傲proud adj自豪的；骄傲的 be/feel proud of 为感到骄傲The proud to do sth.自豪地做 be/feel proud that从句 “以 为荣”take pride in 而骄傲 They were proud of their success/of being so successful.I am very proud to call you my friend.They were proud that they belonged0to such a fine team.He takes pride in that famous painting of 19th century.13host n东道主；主持人vt；当 的东道; 主持He attended the meeting not just as a host but as an important guest.Beijing，China was chosen as the host of the 2020 OlympicsChina will host the 2020 Olympics.The show，hosted by Robert，features movie stars and singers.14resist v抵抗；抵制Resist n.I resist doing.Cant resist (doing) sth. I suppose you cant resist the temptation of the cake made by Granny Wang.I just cant resist some chocolate.She can never resist buying new shoesThey only wanted 3 dollars for it，so how could I resist?15. 辨析in turn/by turns/take turnsin turn表示“依次；反过来逐个地”。通常指一群人按照次序做某事，做完不再重复。by turns轮流，交替。指一组人轮流做某事，或两种情况交替出现。take turns轮流，交替。通常指一组人或二群人中各个成员轮番做某事，可以是一个或几个轮番。常用于：take turns to do/take turns at doing:Work in groups of four and answer these questions in turn.We clean, the classroom by turns.Take turns to ask the question.We take turns at cleaning the blackboard16. rot v.n腐烂；腐坏The wood has rotted away completely.He was thrown into prison and left to rotToo much sugar will rot your teeth awayThere is dry rot in the floor.17. entry n进入；入口；登记；参加竞赛的人（物）Their entry into the war changed the whole situation.Now we came to a street with a “No Entry” signThis music film is MrsWilsons entry in the competitionFifty entries for the Marathon race were running at the frontentry短语Make a triumphant entry into the town 凯旋如城Force ones entry into 闯入Make an entry in 记入，登记，入场Make ones entry 出场高考样题例释1（2020年重庆）You can eat food free in my restaurant you likeAwhenever Bwherever Cwhatever Dhowever【解析】答案为A。 whenever引导的时间状语从句，有地点不用wherever，有free不用however，有food不用whatever;故选A。2.（2020年北京） I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A Even though B. Unless C. as long as D. While【解析】答案为C。as long as表条件，“只要我知道钱很安全，我就不担心了。”3(2002年全国）一Im taking my driving test tomorrow. ！A. Cheers B. Good luckCCome on D. Congratulations【解析】答案为B。明天要参加考试，Cheers干杯；Congratulations祝贺；Come on加油；Good luck祝你好运，只有B适合。单选高考模拟1Scientists have calculated（计算）the entire amount of matter in universe.A. the; B. the; the C.； D. /; the2. If tap water(自来水) were as dangerous as some people think would be getting sick.Aa lot of more us Bmore a lot of usC. a lot, of us more D. a lot more of us3Still， is more surprising，he has not said he will withdraw（退出）A. as B. that C. what D. which4Did you go running this morning?I to，but I overslept。A. used B. wished C. meant D. expected5. ,he couldnt expect to get a pay rise.A. Even harder he workedB. Hard as he workedC. Only with hard workD. Now that he worked hard6Without facts; we cannot forma worthwhile opinion，for we need to have factual knowledge our thinking.A. which to be based on B. upon which to base.C. which, to base upon D. to which to be based7. How can the problem be, settled？Well，we must it to the officials own judgmentA. depend B. expect C. leave D. suggest8. Would you like half apple or ？Either will do.Athe; whole one B. an；the whole oneC. the; a whole one D. an; a whole one9The damage to car is . Dont worry about itAserious Bterrible C. slight Dunimportant10According to the conditions of my scholarship after finishing my degree， .Amy education will be employed by the universityB. employment will be given by the universityC. the university will employ meD. Ill be employed by the university全真模拟训练一、单项填空1The killing of the bison the whole wildlife chain of the plains.A. has an affect on B. has effectedC. has an effect on Dhas an effort on2. The traffic was by an accident that happened 20 minutes ago.A. put off B. broken downC. broken up D. held up3Let me shove you how to start the machine. All you have to do is this button.Apress Bturn Cto press Dto turn4. People under hard condition can often survive bad environment more easily.A. grown up B. brought upC. fed up D. picked up5. of jewels are kept in my grandmas safe in the bank.A. A good many B. A great dealC. Plenty D. Large amounts6. Time should be made good use our lessons wellA. of learning B. to learnC. to learning D. of to learn7. Tom had sent his mother a telegram AustraliaAon his arrival in Bon his arrival toC. at his arrival to Dat his arrival in8She a yard of cloth from the rollAcut down Bcut off Ccut up D. cut in9His brother had medical college and become a doctor.A. passed through B. left throughC. got through D. went though10Carry your with you-money，jewellery，cameras and so on.Agifts B. suitcase C. bags Dvaluables11Would you like to see a film with us this evening?Id like to. But I cant the time because I have to finish my exercises.A. pass B. take C. spend D. afford12. He told me he had been offered a well-paid abroad.A. service B. businessC. position D. work13. After trying several times, I to see him.A. attempted B. managedC. succeeded D. intended14. What do you think of her singing tonight?Im no of music, but I know what I like.A. judge B. judgerB. judgement D. judging15. Do what he wants, or youll him.A. upset B. argue C. achieve D. absorb二、完形填空About once a month I have to go to Degford for my work. One day I went into a hotel there to have something to 1 . The waiter 2 my coat and put it in a small room. About an hour later I was 3 to go. The waiter 4 me my coat. 5 Something fell out of the pocket onto the floor. It was a small white box. Then I took a good look at the 6 “Oh. Youve brought someone 7 coat,” I said to the waiter. “It looks very much like mine, 8 it is quite new, and this isnt my box, either.”“Oh, then I 9 someone has taken your coat and left this,” said the waiter. “This kind of thing 10 sometimes.”I opened the box There was a beautiful gold ring in it. So I went 11 to the police station“ lost a ring?” I asked.“Yes,”said a policeman.“A young man who came in this morning lost a ring，he lost it in London,”He 13 the young man. A few minutes 1ate, the man arrived“Yes，this is my ring,” he said“How can I 14 you, sir? You see, I paid a lot of money for this ring and 15 I lost it on the train!”After I told him the 16 of the coat，he said“You havent been on the train I havent been in the hotel. So how did my ring 17 in the coat?”“Did 10 sit or stand next to you on the train? Asked the policeman “Yes，”said the young man. “But I r dont remember his face.”“You may remember this coat,” said the policeman“Was it like this one?”“Yes，it was,” said the young man“But my friend here 19 the thief” The policeman laughed. “ 20 ”, The thief on the train stole your ring, and like our friend here, he went into the hotel to get some food. Only he didnt take the right coat away with him.”1A. do B. putC. eat D. deal with2. A. took B. foundC. got D. watched3A. anxious B. toldC. invited D. ready4A. showed BreturnedC. brought D. dressed5A. Luckily B. SuddenlyCObviously D. At once6A. ring B. boxC. coat D. pocket7A. lost B. missedC. new D. elses8A. but B. andC. instead D. for9A. know B. wonderC. suppose D. find10A. exists B. happensC. sees D. changes11A. around B. aboutC. ahead D. along12. A. Who B. Has sheCHas anyone D. Have you13A. wrote to BrememberedC. telephoned D. invited14A. return B. thankC. find D. help15A. then B. soC. yet D. however16. A. model B. priceC. story D. size17A. come B. putC. set D. get18. A. he B. the thiefC. the waiter D. anyone19A. discovered B. isntC. has caught D. doesnt know20. A. I m afraid not B. YesC. No D. Surely三、阅读理解AAs we know，it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak points in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which I defined（解释）when a firm considers its training needs，which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications.A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job，and a job specification should give information about the behaviour， knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it, When all of this has been collected，it is possible to make a training specificationThis specifies that the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job，and also the best methods to use in the training period.There are many different training methods，and there are advantages and disadvantages, of all of them. Successful training performances depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “of f the job” in classroom，but training in using these skills takes place“on the job”，by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.Its always difficult to evaluate（估计）the costs of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the qualitys of the staff who do the training. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.1. To be successful in our training programme，we must understand the difference between Aa job description and a job specificationBwhat is taught，and how it is taughtC. the costs and the quality of the programmeDthe training contents and training in using2. According to the passage, which of the following statements isNOT true?A. As there exist weak points in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff is highly necessaryBA training specification is based on the information collected from a job description and a job specificationCTraining in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same timeDIts easier to evaluate management training than to evaluate the training of workers arid technicians.3. The best title for the passage might be “ .”AStaff training and its evaluationBA successful training programmeCHow to describe and specify a jobDThe importance of training the staff4From the passage we know the success of a training programme lies inAthe training methods and the quality of the training staffBthe performance of the trainees in the programmeC. the places where the training programmes take placeD. the way to evaluate the training programmeB“A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right，”says Mollie Hunter. Brought up near Edinburgh，Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young peopleShe firmly believes that there is always and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market. In Mollies opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story，which is what every writer should be doing：“If you arent telling a story，youre a very dead writer indeed，”she says.With the chief function of a writer being to entertain（让人愉快），Mollie is indeed an entertainer，“I have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language，”she says “This love goes back to early childhoodIve told stories all my lifeI had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and，because my family always had dogs，and I was very good at handling them，I said I wanted to work with dogs，and the teacher always said Nonsense Mollie dear，youll be a writer.So finally I thought that this woman must have something，since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine that I would be a writer.”This childhood intention is described in her novel，A Sound of chariots，which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical(自传体的)and gives a picture both of Mollie s ambition（雄心）and her struggle towards its achievement.Thoughts of her childhood inevitably（不可避免的）brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields sadly now covered with modern houses，“I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhoodIll never go back，”she said“NeverWhen I set one of my books in Scotland,” she said, “I can recall my romantic（浪漫的）feelings as a child playing in those fields，or watching the village blacksmith at work And thats important，because children now know so much so early that romance cant exist for them，as it did for us”5What does Mollie Hunter feel about the nature of a good book?AIt should not aim at a narrow audienceBIt should be attractive to young readersCIt should be based on original ideas.DIt should not include too much conversation6In Mollie Hunters opinion，one sign of a poor writer is .A. poor in life experienceB. short of writing skillsCthe weakness of descriptionDthe absence of a story7What do we learn about Mollie Hunter as a very young child?AShe didnt expect to become a writer.BShe didnt enjoy wri