（通用版）2020高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解 第五讲 篇章结构题针对训练

篇章结构题A(2020山东济南调研)Too often in life，we focus on the things we cannot do.Sometimes we cannot do things because of financial limitations，health limitations，family limitations，educational limitations，and so on.Sometimes，we end up limiting ourselves from achieving success in reaching our goals.We end up having a negative attitude which limits our ability to achieve success and happiness in our life.Through the Internet，I have recently met an individual whom I found to be very inspiring.He has a positive attitude；he focuses on what he can do.To name a few of his accomplishments：he has set a world record，and is in the Guinness Book of World Records；he is an international poet with over 900 publications；he is an advocate for the disabled；he is the founder of Beyond Limitations Week；he is an ambassador for the Harvey Ball World Smile Foundation；he has created his own websitehttp：/wheelierecord.Tripod.corn/ index，html.And the list could go on!The individual is Robert MHensel.You see，Robert was born spina bifida，a disability that affects the sense of balance and also has an impact on the kidneys.Robert could have easily used his disability to limit his achievements，yet he has accomplished more than many.His attitude to life is one that，for me，is inspiring！To quote Robert，“I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed，showing other ways to meet our needs.Now I look beyond what I cant do and focus on what I can.”Let Robert be a reminder for changing attitudes.Use his motto of not focusing on what you cant do，but focus on what you can do!【解题导语】本文以患有先天性脊柱裂的Robert MHensel最后取得成功的事例告诉我们：只要我们专注于自己能够做到的事情，每个人都可以获得成功。1What stops us from achieving success according to the author?ANegative attitudes.BConstant changes.CToo high goals. DVarious limitations.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“We end up having a negative attitude which limits our ability to achieve success and happiness in our life.”可知，作者认为是我们对人生的消极态度阻碍了我们取得成功。故选A项。2What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AA disease. BA disability.CAn attitude. DA story.解析：选C。代词指代题。one在句子中作表语，其主语为“His attitude to life”，由此可以推知，one指代的是一种对待人生的态度(attitude)。3Why has Robert MHensel made many achievements in his life?AHe has never changed his attitude to life.BHe always looks beyond his strengths.CHe takes advantage of his disability.DHe concentrates on what he can do.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后Robert所说的话“I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed，showing other ways to meet our needs.Now I look beyond what I cant do and focus on what I can.”可知，Robert之所以能取得那么多的成就，就是因为他专注于自己能够做到的事情。4How does the author support his idea in the text?ABy offering examples.BBy comparing attitudes.CBy analyzing limitations.DBy telling stories.解析：选A。文章结构题。通读文章可以得知，作者主要是通过举Robert获得成功的事例来论证自己的观点的。故选A项。B(2020河北唐山高三模拟)Teachers say the digital age has had a good influenceand a notsogood influenceon this generation of American teenagers.More than 2，000 teachers took an online survey.Three quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a“mostly positive” effect on their studentsresearch habits and skills.But 64 percent said the technologies“do more to distract(使分心)students than to help them academically”And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an“easily distracted generation with short attention spans”The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing Project.Judy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a coauthor of the report.Ms.Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster.“Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engaging.Young people favor these tools.The goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content，and not just sort of consumers.”But one problem the survey found is that many_students_lack_digital_literacyThey trust too much of the information they find on the Internet.Judy says these students havent developed the skills to determine the quality of online information.“Its something that really has to be taught and paid attention to，because in a world in which things happen quickly，you do need to step back，reflect and analyze the information you have.”Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all：being able to quickly find information online.Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers.They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries.Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了数字化工具的益处和弊端。5The text mainly tells us _Aall the students use digital toolsBthe Internet is playing a key roleCteachers encourage using digital toolsDdigital tools bring about benefits and problems解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章第一段的第一句“Teachers say the digital age has had a good influenceand a notsogood influenceon this generation of American teenagers.”为主题句，介绍了该调查结果，即老师们认为数字时代对这一代的美国青少年既有好的影响，也有不好的影响。6Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?(Para.1，Para.2，Para.3，Para.4，Para.5)解析：选A。篇章结构题。本文为总分式，第一段进行了综述，介绍了数字化工具对学生既有好的影响也有不好的影响；第二段介绍了好的影响，第三、四、五段介绍了不好的影响。因此选择A。7The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means _Astudents do not have the right digital toolsBstudents do not always have access to the InternetCstudents havent the ability to adjust themselvesDstudents cant judge online information properly解析：选D。句意理解题。根据下文“They trust too much of the information.the quality of online information.”可知，学生们缺乏对数字化信息的认识能力，还不能恰当地判断网上的信息，因此D项正确。8Some students dont tend to work hard because _Athey can get answers on the Internet quicklyBprinted books and libraries around arent enoughCthe Internet cant make students concentrateDthey can copy others work without being punished解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Another problem.being able to quickly find information online.Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers.”可知，一些学生不努力学习是因为他们能很快在网上找到答案。CSuccessful women with demanding jobs are almost twice as likely to suffer a heart attack，research shows.Those with highly stressful careers (职业) are more at risk from strokes(中风)，high blood pressure and heart trouble.Women who say their role requires them to work very hard with little opportunity to use their creative skills are 40 percent more likely to develop heart disease or need surgery，American researchers found.They are 88 percent more likely to suffer a heart attack than those with more relaxed jobsalmost double the risk.Traditionally doctors have always believed that men under pressure at work are far more likely to fall victim to heart disease.But these latest findings from researchers at Harvard Medical School in Boston show women are just as easily harmedparticularly as they often face the added stress of dealing with a family.The study，which was presented to the American Heart Associations annual conference in Chicago，showed that successful women were 43 percent more likely to need heart surgery.The researchers looked at the records of more than 17，400 women in their 50s and 60s who all provided details on their work stress and job insecurity.Those with highly stressful roles，who felt they did not have the chance to use their creative skills，were most at risk.Women who were scared of losing their job were more likely to be overweight，have high blood pressure and raised cholesterol(胆固醇)The researchers recommend successful women take certain steps to try to protect their health.These include regular exercise，trying not to bring your work home and having a close network of friends and family close by.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的研究表明：具有艰巨工作任务的成功女性更易患心脏病。对此，文章给出了一些预防措施。9What can be learned from the text?AWomen working with creative skills are more likely to develop heart disease.BWomen under pressure are more likely to suffer heart trouble than men.CWomen with more relaxed jobs are less likely to have a heart attack.DWomen succeeding in their work are 40% more likely to need heart surgery.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“They are 88 percent more likely to suffer a heart attack