高三英语语法知识难点（四）

高三英语语法知识难点（四）（十四）倒装I要点按主语+谓语这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果变为谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语，就是倒装语序。1、全部倒装（1）there be 句型There is going to be a meeting.There is a book on the table.（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不倒装，如，Here comes the bus.Here he comes.（3）直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装，如，What he said meant nothing, said the teacher.（4）为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.2、部分倒装（1）so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时，如，I like swimming, so does my brother.（2）only +状语放在句首，如，Only through this method can we win.Only in this way can we do the work well.（3）含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that.Little did I know about this.（4）以often, so +形容词或副词开头的句子，如，So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.（5）用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如，Were I you, I wouldnt do that.Had he come, we would have won.（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，May you be happy for ever.II例题例1、Not only _ this machine but _ it.A. can he runcan he repair B. can he runhe can repairC. he can runhe can repair D. he can runcan he repair解析：该题答案为B，在not onlybut (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒装，but后面仍是正常语序。例2、_, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond isC. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the diamond解析：该题答案为B，在让步状语从句中，从属连词as可以表示though，但要用倒装语序。例3、Only in this way _ to improve the situation there.A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope 解析：该题答案为A， only和它所修饰的状语一起置于句首时，须用倒装。（十五）it 与there be的用法I要点1、it的用法（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到的无生命的事物，动植物、婴儿及指示代词this, that，如，I have a new pen. It is beautiful.The Browns have a new baby. Its cute.（2）用来表示时间、天气、距离等，如，Its twelve oclock now.Its fine today.（3）用作引导词，代替由不定式，ing形式或从句表示的真正的主语或宾语，如， Its no good telling him that.Its necessary for you to do so.（4）用在强调结构中，构成强调句式：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可强调除谓语以外的句子其他成分，如，It was this morning that I saw him in the street.It was I who saw him in the street this morning.It was in the street that I saw him this morning.It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.2、there be句型英语表示某时某处或某物时，常用there be句型，这是一种倒装结构，如，There are a lot of students playing on the ground.There is going to be a test this afternoon.当主语有两个或两个以上时，动词be常和最近的那个主语取得一致，如，There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.There isnt a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.There are lots of people like it, arent there?there be句型，谓语动词除be之外，还可用其他表示存在，位置移动等意义的不及物动词或词组，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，There stands a house at the foot of the hill.there be句型表示存在而have表有、拥有，所以there be中 be不能换成have，但当have表示事物的特征时，可用主语+have结构替换there be 句型，如：There are five doors in the house.The house has five doors.there be 的其它句型：1、There must be a meeting in the office.2、There have been great changes since 1979.3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.I 例题例 _ that he went to sleep.A It was until midnight B That was until midnightC It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight解析：该题答案为C。强调until结构时，要将否定词not移到until前。又如：He didnt leave until twelve 改为It was not until twelve that he left.例 There are a lot of students _ in the class room.A talk B talking C talked D to talk解析：该题正确答案为B。 There be句型为倒装句，可换为A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.（十六）省略I要点有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。 、 固定习惯用词。如：No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。2. 简单句中的省略（） 口语中，一、二、三人称的主语，有时还包括谓语都可以省略。如：（It is）Nice to see you!(This is) Li Ming speaking.（） 所有格后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。如：Im going to visit Toms (house).I met him at the tailors (shop).（） 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.（） 主（宾）语补足语中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.（） There be结构中 there be可同时省略，或只省略there.如：(Is there) Anything wrong?（） 表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的oclock, minute等常省略。如：What time is it now? Its ten (oclock).3从句中的省略（） 宾语从句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的宾语从句谓语与主句谓语如相同，可省略从句中全部谓语，甚至主语也可省略，仅保留wh一词。如：He will come, but we dont know when (he will come).He didnt come, I wondered why (he didnt come).（） 定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词，如：The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.（） 状语从句，在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，则be动词及其主语常可省略。如：Ill tell him that when (it is) possible.I wont go there unless (Im) invited.II例题例 A beam of light will not bend（弯曲）round corners unless_ to do so with the help of a reflecting device（反射装置）。A made B being made C having made D to be made解析：该题正确答案为A。 unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth变成被动语态则为sth/ sb be made to do.例 While _my homework, I heard a cry for help.A do B did C doing D having done解析：该题答案为C。该空处省略了Im,相当于while Im doing my home work.如：While playing guitar, he is singing.英语语法习题检测1. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. can B. might C. could be able to D. was able to2 At the Christmas party Santa Claus (圣诞老人) _ the presents under the tree.A. handed back B. handed outC. handed in D. handed to3. Tears _ the little match girls eyes as she thought of her kind grandfather.A. ran down B. fell down C. came to D. rolled into4. A child cant learn _ without _.A. to spell, helping B. spelling, helpingC. spell, being helped D. spelling, being helped5. Only one man had ever been elected President four times, _ Franklin D. Roosevelt.A. for example B. such asC. the one of whom D. that is to say6. _, the medical team is made up of twelve doctors.A. Altogether B. Entirely C. Completely D. Wholly7. - _.- Have a good time.A. Ive to see the doctor nowB. Its time for dinnerC. I went to the concert last nightD. Im going to a party now8. The man lives in a _ place. That is, he lives _ from here.A. far away, far away B. faraway, farawayC. far away, faraway D. faraway, far away9. The patients progress was encouraging as he could _ get out of bed without help.A. nearly B. only C. hardly D. badly10. We have to set off right away, _ we ?A. do B. dont C. have D. havent11. The street lights _ on when night falls.A. will have turned B. will have been turningC. will be turned D. will be turning12. Well, in the translation, the word _ a different meaning, said Miss Dianna.A. takes on B. takes up C. looks like D. has a look at13. When he was through _ he got up and left.A. to talk B. to be talked C. talking D. being talked14. The town has _ bridge.A. a fine old stones B. an old fine stonesC. a fine old stone D. an old fine stones15. I didnt buy the apples; he gave them to me _ nothing.A. with B. for C. atD. by16. _ speak to me like that again.A. Never B. Not C. Not toD. Cant17. Egypt is _ the oldest countries in the world.A. oneB. between C. among D. in the middle of18. They fought _ the end and won _ the end.A. in, toB. to, inC. in, in D. to, to19. I _ three hours on the text and it will _ me another hour for the grammar.A. have spent, take B. spend, need haveC. take, spend D. need, take20. The play put on by the students was quite different _ you imagined.A. from whatB. to that C. from whichD. to which21. Here _ the worker and writer.A. comes to B. comes C. come D. are coming22. Would you like to have _ more bread?A. some B. any C. a few D. little23. There will be few, if _.A. some B. any C. much D. many24. I have _ things to do. I cant play _.A. many, no more B. a lot of, any moreC. much more, more D. much of, any more25. I walked 50 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk _ far.A. that B. this C. such D. as26. I am sorry I took your umbrella _ mistake.A. with B. through C. for D. by27. You can go where you like _ you get back before dark.A. as well as B. as long asC. as soon as D. so as to28. _ we know, this is the best of its kind.A. Because B. When C. As far as D. That29. There isnt any water _ air on the moon.A. and B. or C. but D. both30. It was not long _ we climbed up the mountain.A. after B. before C. since D. until31. The girl grew _ age and wisdom.A. for B. in C. with D. by32. The climate (气候) in Beijing does not agree _ me.A. on B. to C. with D. in33. Theres a police car in front of the department store. What do you suppose _.A. is happened B. has happenedC. would happen D. did happen34. _ better attention, the cabbages (洋白菜) could have grown better withthe sun _ them light.A. Given, gave B. Given, givingC. Giving, given D. Giving, giving35. What is _ next?A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. done36. A Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦) is said _ into dozens of languages in the last decade (十年).A. to have been translated B. to be translatedC. to translate D. to have translated37. Some scientists say that the need for fresh water _ by the year 2000.A. will have doubled B. will be doublingC. be doubled D. has doubled38. It _ I had no money with me at the moment.A. is so happened that B. was so happened thatC. so happened which D. so happened that39. What does the weighing machine _?A. express B. explain C. read D. write40. Over a hundred boys came to _ out for the football team.A. go B. run C. try D. make41. There are _ boys than girls in our class.A. much more B. many more C. many D. a lot many42. His health is _.A. as poor, if not poorer than, his sisterB. as poor as his sisters if not poorC. as poor as, if not poorer than, his sistersD. as poor, if not