2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅰ专题04 书面表达基本句式及常见句型

2020考前冲刺英语专题04 书面表达基本句式及常见句型 学生掌握英语的五大基本句式及基本句型结构, 以便他们在写作中能写出合乎语法的句子并且能有一些高级句型的使用, 使其文章连贯通顺符合英语的表达习惯, 能够取得理想的分数。在高考英语试卷中, 书面表达为30 分, 占了整个试卷分值的五分之一, 所以, 这部分对于英语来说至关重要。但是在我们的日常教学中, 书面表达的教学往往为教师和学生们所忽略, 大家往往把大量的时间用于提高一卷的成绩。真正到了考试时, 学生们往往写不出一句正确的句子, 更谈不到应用高级句式, 造成书面表达得分过低, 从而影响了整个英语学科的得分。这就要求在日常的教学中, 必须让学生掌握英语的五大基本句式及基本句型结构, 以便他们在写作中能写出合乎语法的句子并且能有一些高级句型的使用, 使其文章连贯通顺符合英语的表达习惯, 能够取得理想的分数。一、书面表达的五种基本句式1. S+ V+ P (主+ 系动词+ 表). 常见的系动词有: b e, seem, app ear,become, go, ge,t grow, tu rn, look, sound, fee,l taste, smell 例如: He is a maths teacher.他是一位数学老师。 2. S+ V .i + (A ) (主+ 不及物动词+ (状) ) 例如: The train leaves at 7: 00.火车七点离站。 3. S+ V .t + O (主+ 及物动词+ 宾) 例如: The boss employed five more workers.老板又多雇了五个人。 4. S + V.t + O i + Od (主+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语)有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人充当, 直接宾语一般由物充当。常见的能接双宾语的动词有: give, offer, teach, tel,l read, ask,b ring, pass, lend, retu rn, w rite, th row, allow, send, cos,t mak e, buy, do,ge,t save, cook, s ing, find等。 例如:Who sent you the computer?谁送你的电脑? 5. S+ V.t + O + O c (主+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语) 例如: The villagers didnt allow them to do this.村民们不允许他们做这件事。 巩固练习: 用括号内所给的基本句型将下列句子译成汉语, 需要的话可加上适当的修饰语。 1. 你的故事听起来很有趣。(主+ 系+ 表) 2. 我妹妹是在农村长大的。(主+ 谓)3. 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。(主+ 谓+ 宾) 4. 顺便问一下, 他把钱付给你了吗? (主+ 谓+ 间宾+ 直宾) 5. 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补) Keys: 1. Your story sounds interes ting . 2. M y sister grew up in th e coun tryside.3. He brok e traf fic ru les because he d rove too fas.t4. By the way, h as h e paid you th emon ey?5. He always k eeps h is bedroom t idy.二、书面表达常见句型1. Th ere b e句型及其扩展形式, 表示存在。常用的动词有stand, ex is,lie run等。There可用地点状语替换。例如: In front of the houses tands a tree. 房前耸立着一颗树。 练习: 今天晚上将有一场报告。 Keys: There will be a lecture tonight2. 强调句型(结构: It is / was + 被强调部分+ that /指人时可用who代替)例如: It was from this incident that I felt the happ iness to help others.就是从这件事我感到了帮助别人的快乐。 练习: 就是这次活动让我了解了保护环境有多么的重要。Keys: It was this activity thatmade me know how important to protect the environmen.t3. too to / so as to / enough to do / so that / such that 表示结果。 例如:The problem was so difficult that none of us could work it out这道题如此的难以至于没有人做出来。练习: 去年这个地区雨水很少, 以至于村民们不得不从河里抽水。 K eys: Th ere was so little rain last year that the villagers had to pump water from the river.4. not un til /Not un til / It was not unt il that 例如:He did not realize he was wrong until then. Not unti l then did he realize he was wrong.It was not until then that he realized he was wrong.直到那时他才意识到他错了。 练习: 直到他的父母来了, 我们才回家。 K eys: W e d id not go home until his parents came. 5. Hardly when / No sooner than 刚一 就 例如:Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain.我们刚一到家天就开始下雨了。练习: 我们刚到河边就听见有人喊救命。 K eys:Hardly had we arrived at the river when we heard cal ls for h elp.( 4) With all the answers copied, he handed in his paper.( 5) With the meeting over, the StudentsUnion made a decision.( 6) W ith the window open, a bird flew in.实用资料：英语作文书面表达常用句型及短语1、学校生活及学习成绩 Be getting on well with ones study take several courses at school have English (Chinese, Physics) every (other )daywork hard at put ones heart into be interested in be fond of like chemistry best be good at ; be poor at ; do well in ; be weak in make progress in ; fail in be tired of pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade; major in history 主修历史 He has the best record in school.他的成绩最棒。 get a doctors degree 获得博士学位 be more interesting to sb. learn about; succeed in; be active in class (work); take an active part in ; learn by heart; work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in ; get 90 marks for (English); get an A in the exam; have a good command of lay a good foundation in (language study)2. 师生关系 get on well with sb; like to be with students; be gentle with us; be kind to sb; be a strict teacher; be strict with ones pupils; be strict in work We think of him (her) as ; help sb with sth; praise sb for sth ; blame sb for sth. give advice on ; question sb on be satisfied with correct the studentshomework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work; try to teach sb good study habits; make ones lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.; teach sb to do sth. devote all ones time to work; admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education 佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。3. 课余活动及周末生活 spend ones time in many different ways; enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming; go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore); see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin); play chess (basketball); have a swim; have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend; go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting; do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip; get everything ready for; ride ones bike with sb.to(the park); There are a lot of activities at (the. We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city. She would like to bringbeach) sth. to the picnic. It was a very relaxing Sunday. There are good programs on TV on weekends.4. 彼此沟通信息 take a message for sb; send a message to sb; hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth; get information about; express ones idea (feelings) in English; Write sb a letter saying; apologize to sb for ; thank you for ; make a speech t at the meeting; explain sth to s; look upon sb as ; think sb to be ; take sbs side 5. 事件中人的态度 would like to do; allow sb to do; keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing); call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of )； fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off; speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb; force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do; regret doing; prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do; would rather (not) do.6. 事情过程 have the habit of doing; have no trouble doing; make up ones mind to do; prepare sb for ; give up doing; do sth as usual; do what he wants us to do; set about doing; try ones best to do=go all out to do; get into trouble; help sb out; do ones bit for New China; wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb; show (tell) sb. how to do; take/send sb to Im trying to find; Im afraid we are out of ; pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing; cant help doing; do some good deeds to people;be prepared for more hard work; Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.7. 感观活动与思维活动 look around for ; look up (down) at ; catch sight of ; take a look at ; hear sb do (doing); take noticeof ; take view of ; have a good understanding of ; consider sb (sth) to be ; come to know; realize that ; know that +从句8. 情感与欲望be pleased with ; be delighted in doing; take a pleasure in doing; be worried about; feel surprised at be sorry for ; be angry with sb for sth; be angry about (为某事生气)； look forward to doing; wish to do; expect to do; long for (long to do); be sick for ones home; have a strong desire to do ;9. 健康状况及治疗 be in good shape; be in good (poor )health; feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever; have a slight (bad) cold; take ones temperature; have got a pain in ; be good (bad) for ones 6. Some people say/believe/claim that.7. It is generally believed that.8. It is widely accepted that.9. It is argued/held that.10. While it is commonly believed that, I believe.11. It can be concluded that.12. Peoples views vary from person to person.二、图表作文常用句型1. The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph /column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how.2. The graph provides some interesting data regarding.3. The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows:4. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that.5. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table, .6. It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/figures that.7. The vertical/horizontal axis stands for.8. There was rapid/noticeable/great/sharp/steep/remarkable/slow/little/slight/gradual rise/increase/decrease/fall/decline/drop/change in development in .9. The percentage remained steady/stable at.10. The figures stayed the same.11. The figures bottomed out/peaked at.12. The figures reached the bottom/a peak/a plateau during.第二部分 常用于正文段的句型的4类表达方式一、A、B型作文段落常用句型和表达方式1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in.4. A differs from B in.5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in.6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B.7. A, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B.8. While it is generally believed that A , I believe B.9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B . However, A; on the other hand, B.11. The most striking difference is that A, while B.二、原因分析性段落常用的句型和表达方式1 There are several reasons for, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2 There are many factors that may account for, but the following are the most typical ones.3 Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4 Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5 The reasons are as follows.三、因果推理性段落常用句型和表达方式1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot.4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.四、举例型段落常用句型和表达方式1. Here is one more example.2. Take for example.3. The same is true of.4. This offers a typical instance of.5. We may quote a common example of.6. Just think of.第三部分 常用于结尾段的句型的3类表达方式一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型1 From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.2 Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that.3 Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that.5. In my opinion/view, we should.6. As for me, I.7. As I see it, .8. From my point of view, .9. Personally, I think.10. My view is that.11. I think/consider.12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of.第四部分 英文写作中常用过渡词和句型过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章连贯、流畅。1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子(1)To begin with首先例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。(2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。(3)First of all第一，首先例：First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.第一，居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。(4)With (the development/progress/growth)of(economy/society).随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长).例：With the development of society, womens role has become more important than ever before in daily life.随着社会的发展，妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。(5)Recently近来例：Recently，the problem (conflict, production) of grain shortage has become the world focus.近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子(1)In conclusion最后，在结束时例：In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.最后，应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。(2)In brief简言之例：In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.简言之，计划生育对中国具有重要意义。(3)In a word总之例：In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.总之，没有相互理解，真正的友谊是不存在的。(4)It is high time that.到.时候了例：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。(5)It is only when.that.只有当.才.例：It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.只有当人民成为国家的主人，科学才能为人民服务。3.常用于表示先后次序的过渡词语及句子(1)first, second, third.第一，第二，第三例：First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years. Second, she never missed a class. Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses. Fourth, she always worked hard. Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.首先，她在一二年级时就选修了化学课程。其次，她从不误课。再有，她认真完成每一次化学试验。还有，她学习非常刻苦。因而同学们确信她在高年级时会获得学校化学大奖。(2)To begin with.,moreover.,finally.，首先.，此外.，最后.例：There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law. To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities. Moreover, his father is a lawyer. He has always encouraged him to do something similar. Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.他决定学法律有几方面的原因：首先，他对社会事物感兴趣，学习法律有助于他参与这些活动。此外，他父亲是个律师，一直鼓励他从事同样的职业。最后，他确信毕业后能找到工作。(3)Meanwhile同时例：Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.同时，孩子们的技艺与知识掌握得越好，今后的机会就越多。(4)since then自此之后例：Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.自此之后，奥林匹克运动成为小国争取和平和自由的工具。(5)Therefore因而例：Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.因而，如果父母们在其为孩子们寻求的良好教育中加入这一点，他们的子女肯定会有一个光辉灿烂的未来。4.常用于表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词语与句子(1)As a result由于.结果例：Her performance in college was excellent. As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.由于她在大学成绩优异，她找到一份令人满意的工作。(2)Due to由于例：My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.由于财务问题，我去广州和深圳的旅行取消了。(3)consequently结果，因此5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词(1)unlike.与.不同例：Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.与口头英语不同，笔头英语比较正规。(2)In contrast.与之相比例：In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.与汤姆比，玛里奥很少努力学习。(3)On the other hand.另一方面例：The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years. On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.发展中国家的期望寿命在过去的30年间都增长了。另一方面婴儿死亡率同期由20%下降到10%。(4)Likewise同样例：Plenty of food must be packed for the journey；likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.要带上旅行中吃的食品，同样也需要带上御寒保暖的衣服。(5)similarly同样例：If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English; similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes.只要能使听众听明白，在口头英语中出一些错误是无关紧要的，同样作为听众也只对讲话者的意思感兴趣，根本不介意或几乎注意不到讲话者所犯的口语错误。1.书面表达（满分25分）假如你叫李平，你的美国笔友Tom来信询问你十一假期过的怎样。请根据表格中的信息给他回信， 说明你在十一假期中的活动和理由。活动 理由休息 学习紧张，缺少锻炼和休息看望乡下的祖父母 帮助他们做点家务，并给他们谈了身边的新鲜事和朋友进行短途旅游 欣赏大自然，呼吸新鲜空气注意：词数100左右。2、书面表达（满分25分）你刚进入高三新的学习生活，某英文报欲征集有关高三新生学习经验的小短文.请以“How to Be a Good Learner”为题写一篇英语短文。用第二人称。短文应包括以下要点： 学习方法的重要性，善学者学习效果好； 有计划，常总结（sum up）; 会用工具书（reference），如查词典，善用机会和资源(resource)，如问老师或同学等； 提前预习（preview），课堂认真听讲和课后及时复习（go over）； 成功的秘诀：勤奋加方法。注意：不要直接翻译要点，可适当增加细节；词数：100词左右。How to Be a Good Learner3、 书面表达（满分25分）前几天，一些同学就英语学习现状进行了一次讨论。发现有如下问题：1. 对学习英语没有兴趣；2. 记忆单词有困难； 3. 怕出错，不敢参与小组讨论；4. 阅读中不知如何处理生词；5. 写作中假如你是方华，在英语学习中也遇到了一些类似的问题，你以邮件的形式向英语报社的编辑(Bob)咨询，希望得到帮助。要求：1. 提出三个英语学习中的问题2. 可以参考以上提示，也可以根据自己实际适当发挥；3. 中心突出，语意连贯，层次清晰书写规范；4. 不少于100字，5. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Bob,Im very pleased to write to you, I know youre an expert in English learning. _Yours, Fang Hua4书面表达（满分 25分）开学初，老师和家长都要李明住校学习，而他却喜欢住在家里，双方各持己见。假设你是李明，请用英语把这个情况告诉给中学生英语报“学生之音”栏目组，请求主持人给予建议。老师和家长的理由 李明的理由1. 方便问问题；2. 晚自习时间更能保证；3. 培养独立生活的能力。1. 晚上有更多自习时间；2. 学习内容可以自由支配。注意：1. 词数：100字左右；2. 信的开头已写好；3. 参考词汇：住校board（v.） 便利的convenient（adj.）Dear Sir,Im a student of Senior 1. 5、书面表达（满分25分）近来，不少大学新生在入学体检中诊断出（be diagnosed with）患有高血压（high blood 2. 现在的感受和认识；3. 将来的目标及措施。参考词汇：责任responsibility注意：1. 词数100左右2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3. 发言稿的开头已为你写好（不计入总词数）Good morning, everyone!The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up”7、书面表达(满分15分)假定你是高一新生李华,在学习英语过程中遇到了困难.请给English Weekly 的编辑写一封短信.要点如下:1、自我介绍； 2、遇到的困难； 3、希望得到建议和帮助注意：1、词数：80100字（信的开头和结尾已写好，但不计入总词数）；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Editor,I am Li Hua , a student of Senior One .Best wishes ,8.书面表达（满分25分）。请将答案写在答题纸上的相应位置。江苏电视台今年八月将举办中学生才艺大赛。你校将组织学生参加，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下：比赛时间：8月20日报名时间：截止7月底报名地点：学生会注意：广播稿约100词。应包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文 。生词：才艺大赛 - talent show学生会the Student Union9、书面表达：(25分)假如你是某高中学生李光，进入高中后，你觉得学英语的方式 和初中有很大不同，你给自己的英语王老师写了一封信，讲述自己的英语学习情况。要包括以下内容：1开始学习高中英语时，觉得英语比初中英语难很多，几乎丧失信心。2后来认识到英语的重要性。3每天努力学习英语。4向老师和同学请教更好的英语学习方法。5现在英语取得了很大进步，对英语越来越感兴趣。提示： 初中 junior high school 高中 senior high school10、书面表达 （满分15分）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写封回信。要点：1参加中文学习班；2看中文书刊、报纸、电视节目，学唱中文歌曲；3交中国朋友。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语已为你写好。Dear Peter,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Best wishes.Li Hua1.Dear Tom,Im very glad to receive your letter. And its a pleasure to tell you something about how I spent the National Day holiday.First, I had a good rest because recently I often felt tired as a result of my heavy study burden as well as lack of sleep and physical exercise. Of course, it took me two days to stay with my grandparents living in the countryside and help them do some housework and tell them