2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题06 动词的时态和语态

2020考前冲刺英语专题06 动词的时态和语态 【高考预测】1.常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和基本用法.2.主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法.3.情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间。根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语。同时，正确分析试题的时态语境是非常重要的。这里的“语境”是指上下文的时间信息，入是题干所提供的对话，或是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，从而判断句子的时态。这仍然是命题的焦点。【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法1 .He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were deciding B. have decidedC. decided D. will decide【错误解答】 Cit as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still workingB. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have workedD. have worked; are still working【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 本题有两个不同的语境。前者是在我加入以前他们已经干了一个星期，是过去的过去，用过去完成时；后者则用现在进行时来表示目前仍然处于的状态。时间状语so far是修饰动作come out的。【正确解答】 A3.(2020精选模拟) Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has doneC. was doing D. had done 【错误解答】 A的被动语态。【正确解答】 D5.Thank goodness, you are here! What_ you?Traffic jam.A. keeps B. is keepingC. had kept D. kept【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 根据语义Youre here(你终于到了)，那么后面是叙述在到达之前所发生的事情，说明动作已经终止，用一般过去时。如果说强调对现在的影响，也只能是现在完成时，所以C项是错误的。【正确解答】 D6. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waitingC. had waited D. would wait【错误解答】 A、C、或D【错解分析】 题于意思为:那些疯狂的影迷已经耐心地等了两个小时，而且他们会一直等到那位影星的出现谓语是针对过去某个时候而言一直持续的状态，故需要用过去完成进行时 不是过去某个时候正在发生的动作 (A)或即将发生的动作(D):若选C，最好是不再继续等待。【正确解答】 B7.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.A. can you find B. you could tlndC. you can find D. could you find【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 这里并非是疑问句中could表示委婉语气，排除B、D、本题but后的并【正确解答】 D9.Now that she is out of job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasat decided yet.A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to considered【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 从题干中得知，Lucy失业，从主句的后半句得知她还没有决定是否回学校，因此，前面是指她一直在考虑着回学校，符合现在完成进行时的含义，【正确解答】 B【特别提醒】使用各种时态时的注意事项1.一般现在时有计划的动作常用来表示计划、安排好了的将来动作，如go，come，start，leave，take off(起飞)，arrive，return等。例如:I leave for Beijing next Monday.The meeting begins in a minute.在here，there，in等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:I leave for Beijing next Monday.There goes the bell.In came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想或理解的动词，如see ，hear，think，hope，wish，know， forget，understand，like，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常有可用于一般现在时。例如: I feel a sudden pain in my head.2.一般过去时在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder，think等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种 If you will wait for me, I shall go with you. (表示意愿)Crops will die without water. (表示倾向性)Where there is water, there will be life. (表示习惯性)be doing限于某些非延续性动词，如go， come，leave，start，finish等，表示按计划安排要发生的事。例如:I am finishing my homework.He is coming.They are leaving for Tibet.4.现在进行时(1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。例如:How are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。例如:Dont mention this when you are talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与always，all the time，forever， constantly等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。例如:He is always thinking of his study. (表示赞许)Tom is talking his past all the time. (表示厌恶)(4)连系动词look，feel，smdl，taste，sound等，表示心理的动词want，like，prefer，have等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是，turn，become，get，grow，go等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时，用进行时。例如:She feels worse today.The fish smells good.The rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态)Its getting darker and darker.(改变状态)5.般过去时和现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。例如:At that time, he was very poor.I finished my homework two days ago.现在完成时常用的状语，副词有already，just， yet，never，ever，before等，与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如today， now，lately，recently，in the lastpast few days weeksyears，since then，up to now，so far等。例如:I have never seen such a big apple.He has remembered 500 words this month.He has been there for five months.I havent seen him since 典型例题 I havent seen him since he left.I wont believe you until I have seen it with my own eyes.比较下面句子，体会两种时态的不同:He served in the army from 1999 to 典型例题指过去的一件事，现在不是军人)He has served in the army for 6 years.(现在还在服役)He wrote many novels when he was at college. (写许多小说是读大学时的事情)He has written many novels。(写过许多小说，还在写)I saw War and Peace lastyear.(去年看的)I have seen War and Peace before.(以前看过)6.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在有着影响；现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结果。例如:You look so tired ,what have you been doing?We have been discussing the problem but we havent drawn a conclusion.【变式探究】1 I _ with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.A. stayed B. am stayingC. have stayed D. was stayingIm sorry. He to a conference long before then.A. will have gone B. had gone C. would go D. has gone答案: A解析:在那个时候已经发生了，将来完成时。5 Has George returned from Japan yet? Id like to meet him.Im terribly sorry, but he _ back here only for last weekend.A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was答案: D解析:这里时间状语for last week并不是表示一段时间，只是说明一个过去的情况。易错点点睛 2 主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法1 .Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will be caused D. will have been caused【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷 【正确解答】 D3.(2020精选模拟) Sarah,hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get changeC. get changing D. get to change【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 本题考查系表结构。“get changed是换衣服的意思，changed是过去分 【正确解答】 A5. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2020.A. has been completed B. has completedC. will have been completed D. will have completed【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 题干中有明显的时间状语by 2020，是一个将来的时间。短语by+将来的时间和将来完成时连用，同时construction和complete是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态形式。【正确解答】 C6.(2020精选模拟)Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stayC. be staying D. have stayed【错误解答】 A例如:He got wounded in a battle.She got married last week.The patient gets treated once a week.Did you get scolded yesterday?He became seized with a deep sorrow.2.短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介appear (似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。例如:The roses smell sweet.The theory proved true.The examination turned out easy.2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record， lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。例如:Your composition reads well.His voice records well.The door locks easily.The coat wears well.The accident happened yesterday evening.The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937.The fire went out gradually.All of our food has run out.【变式探究】1 the Christmas card Mr. White ?No. Its still on the desk.A. Has; given B. Was; givenC. Has; been given D. Will; be given答案: C解析:强调有没有被送去。2 Only when your identity has been checked, _.A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed inC. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in答案: D解析:将来的事情，被许可。3 Do you know anyone in Paris?No, but Ill make friends once _A. Im settled B. Ill be settledC. Ive been settled D. I had settled答案: A6 These shoes are of high quality and _ long.A. are worn B. are wearingC. are worn out D. wear答案: D解析:表示穿的时间长，主动代替被动。易错点点睛 3 情态动词+have+过去分词结构1 (2020精选模拟) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 如果误解为“waswere doing. when.”(即将突然)句型，就会错选D。从句意看 hide的动作在start之前就已经开始了，应当用过去完成时来表示过去的过去。【正确解答】 A2. Scientists think that the continents _ where they _ today.A. arent; are B. arent; wereC. werent; are D. werent; were【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 单纯看时间状语好像是用现在时态，但语境告诉我们的是今天各个大陆板块的位置与过去的不同，因此，前者是一般过去时，后者才是一般现在时。【正确解答】 C3. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reached【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 考查“祈使句 + orand + 陈述句”结构的用法。一般陈述句中是一般将 【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】固定句式中的时态和语态的情况:1.在if, unlless，evenif 引导的条件状语从句中，在when，until(till)，as soon ss，the They are about to leave tonight.(错误，去掉tonight)3.语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”的意思，暗示现在已“不再这样”。例如:I dont knew you were here.(说话时已经知道了你在这儿)I never thought he would do that.(说话时已经知道了他会这样做)4.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope，expect， mean，intend，want，think，suppose，want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。例如:I had hoped to see more of NewYork.(实际上没能实现)I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at that moment.(本来打算帮你，但没有意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。例如:It wont be long before he succeeds.(要不了多久他就会成功)It was ten years before they met again.(十年后,他们又见面了)【变式探究】1 The cell phone I _ I is on the back seat of my ear.A. thought; had lost B. think; had lost C. thought; have lost D. think; lost答案: A解析:见固定句式中的时态用法。2 Alice. you looked puzzled. Have you understood it?Yes. I another problem just now.A. have thought of B. am thinking ofC. had thought of D. Was thinking of答案: D解析:暗示现在没有想了。3 _ I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.A. For the first time B. At firstC. It was the first time D. The first time答案: D解析:The first time引导时间状语从句。【难点突破】难点 1 动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间。根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语。同时，正确分析试题的肘态语境是非常重要的。这里的“语境”是指上下文的时间信息，或呈题干所提供的对话，或是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，从而判断句子的时态。这仍然是命题的焦点。1.At this time tomorrow, at home with a cup of tea.A. I am going to watch TV B. I will be watching TVC. I 11 watch TV D. Im to watch TV【解析】 从题干的时间状语At this time tomorrow可知，应该是“明天的这个时候”在干 【答案】 B3.All the preparations for lhe task . and theyre ready to start.A. cnmpleted B. completeC. had been cumpleted D. have been completed【解析】 句子的后半部分是and引导的并列句，句意是:他们准备开始了，并且所有的准备工作已经做好了，符合现在完成时的含义和用法【答案】 D【典型习题导练】I.单项选择1 I used to drink a lot of coffee but these days I _ tea.A. prefer B. am preferringC. preferred D. have preferred答案: A解析:一般现在时表示现在的状况。2 Do you know when sheSorry, I dont, but Ill let you know when she ?A. comes; comes B. comes; will comeC. will come; will come D. will come; comes答案: D答案: D解析:does doing体现了spend + 时间 + in doing sth.5 In order to protect the drinking water area, _ .A. the villagers will plant many treesB. many trees will be plantedC. planting many trees is necessaryD. its necessary for the villagers to plant many trees答案: A解析:逻辑上要保持一致。6 Mr. Wang told ne that four-fifths d the houses _ .A. have been sold out B. had been sold outC. were sold out D. was sold out答案: B解析:told是过去时，从句为过去完成时，sell out“售完”，强调被动。7 I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he .A. does writing B. is writingC. writes D. does to write答案: A解析:从句中does代替spend.8 Look! There is a whole crowd of people over there. Go and see what _ and if it is a bargain, buy it.A. is being sold B. has been soldC. is selling D. has been sold答案: A11 Why did you come by taxi?My bike broke down last night and I it repaired.A. didnt have B. dont haveC. dont had D. havent had答案: D14 I wonder what has become of your company? ? It is as good as ruined because of bad management.A. Dont you hear about it B. Havent you heard about it C. Didnt you hear about it D. Hadnt you heard about it答案: B15 The truth, Sir, is that the old man _ across the street when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walked18 He kept looking at her, wondering he _ her somewhere.A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen答案: D解析:强调过去的过去。19 You are late for the examination.Sorry! I should have been here on time but I _ in the traffic jam.A. was caught B. caught C. had caught D. have been caught答案: A解析:be caugh in“碰上”。20 The twins will fly to London with their parents this afternoon?No. In fact, their plane _ from Shanghai ahead of time.A. has taken off B. will take off C. is taken off D. is being take off答案: A解析:根据题意，飞机已提前起飞，用现在完成时。21 Why do you look worried?Jane left the company half a month ago. Her work unfinished since.A. left B. was left C. has left D. has been left答案: D解析:since后省略了half a month ago，所以用完成时，work和leave是被动关系。22 By the time he arrives here, we _ here for three months.A. have been staying B. have stayed C. shall stay D. will have stayed答案: D解析:时间状语By the time he arrives here，将来完成时。23 Have you thought of a topic for your article yet?No, I _ a lot about it, but I havent decided.A. will think B. have been thinkingC. had thought D. was thinking答案: Bnot for a moment _ Ishould quit.A. have known; had I thought B. would know; I would think C. knew; did I think D. had known; I thought答案: C解析:题干是一个过去的时间背景，后者否定意义开头，用部分倒装形式。27 About 170 people _ dozens more _after a flood hit an Indonesian village last week.A. were killed; are still missingB. have been killed; were still missingC. are killed; are still missingD. had been killed; were still missing答案: A解析:前者kill是过去的事情，后者仍然是在失踪之中。28 He must be getting thin, for his trousers _ badly like a flag in the wind.A. are flowing B. flow C. flowed D. have flowed答案: A解析:强调此时正在风中飞舞。29 The fire _ four hours before it was completely controlled.A. lasted B. was lastedC. has lasted D. had been lasted答案: C32 When will you be back?Well, it wont be_ I _ to stay with you again.A. long before; return B. before long; will returnC. long after; return D. long after; will return答案: A解析:在句型It wont long before.中，从句用一 般现在时代替一般将来时。33 Every teacher every student _ to come to class at once.A. have told B. has told C. have been told D. has been told答案: D解析:Every teacher every student做主语时，谓语动词用单数。34 Mikes father hopes Mike _ to the party as he often gets drunk.A. isnt going B. doesnt go C. wouldnt go D. not to go答案: A解析:hope不能接宾补，B、C时态错误。35 Mr.Baker _ to arrive in London on Tuesday, but he did not get there _ Friday.A. hoped; on B. hoped; until C. had hoped; on D. had hoped; until答案: D解析:表示愿望、打算一类的动词用过去完成时来表示与事实相反。36 _ you _ to the radio?No, you can turn it off.A. Did; listen B. Have; listened C. Will; listen D. Are; listening答案: D解析:从turn off来看是说正在进行的动作。37 The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars.A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held答案: C解析:时间状语so far.38 Dont take his remarks too seriously. He was so sad that I dont think he really _ what he was saying.A. knew B. knows C. was knowing D. bad known答案: A39 I saw that new film yesterday.Did you? I _ it yet.A. didnt see B. hadnt seen C. havent seen D. not saw答案: C解析:“我还没有看”，现在完成时。40 John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas Party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B.have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen答案: D解析:第一空表示到目前为止，现在完成时；第二 空受before that的影响，表示过去的过去。41 There was water everywhere, and it _ ali day.A. rained B. was mining C. had been raining D. have rained答案: C解析:表示过去某个时刻开始一直处于的状态。42 Could you take a message for Mr. Brown?Certainly. I _ him about something else in any case, so it _ any bother.A. may see; isnt B. see; wont be C. will see; is D. will be seeing; wont be答案: D43 Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.Oh, how good a dad! But she deosnt like sweet things, that?A. dont you know B. havent you knownC. didnt you know D. hadnt you known答案: C答案: C解析:营救正在进行中，go on无被动语态。47 You are a naughty boy. Id rather you just _in bed and _ anything for at least two days.A. stayed; did B. stay; dont C. stayed; dont do D. stayed; didnt do答案: D解析:would rather句型中动词的特殊形式。48 _ we _ the work by next Friday, we wont be able to attend the meeting.A. If; shall finish B. Unless; finish C. When; finish D. Once; finish答案: B49 Do you know about the Road Traffic Safety Law?Of course. It went into effect in May and traffic safety in our city _ since.A. improved B. has improved C. had improved D. will have improved答案: B解析:不能受and前时态的影响，句末的since是关键。50 Are you sure that Mr. Smith will come to our party?Yes, he . What about Mr. Black?He cant, though he _ .A. promised; promised B. has promised; had promised C. promised; had promised D. has The would-be teacher didnt 58 the job. In fact one of her friends told her that the Heads only comment was: “Ifsomeone doesnt take time to present her best image at an interview, w