高考英语 语法解读高考试题 掌握被动语态教案（通用）

解读高考试题 掌握被动语态我们先来看一下高考对被动语态考查的具有代表性的4个经典考例：1.I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A.will be repaired B.is repairedC.is being repaired D.has been repaired 解析：答案C。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我不得不做出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂（被）修理。2.AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been解析：这道题是对不定式被动语态的考查，我们老师会讲到It is said that 的句型可以和be said to do互换，并举例说明It is said that he is a genius。可以转换成He is said to be a genius. 故A、C可以被排除，剩下的B、D两个选项主要是时态的区别。如果考生注意到题目中的over the past few years，这一时间状语意味着现在完成时的使用，就不难得出正确选项D。3.Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award , a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given解析：答案为C。该题考查非谓语动词的用法。因give与a title之间成立逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，表被动。4.I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend._good.A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D .Sound解析：答案为D。滑冰听起来是个不错的注意。sound 作为系动词，它没有被动语态和进行时态。被动语态是英语语法的重要项目,其构成形式是“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”，其中be动词的形式变化同系动词be。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，一定要注意与时态的联系，并注意应将动词的用法放在具体的语言中去运用。高考试题中时常有考查被动语态的题目。为了掌握好被动语态,我们在学习中有必要注意下面一些问题。一、明确被动语态的使用场合一般来说,当句子的主语是句子谓语动作的承受者时,句子要用被动语态而不能用主动语态。例如:To our surprise, Bells father has put in prison. (误)To our surprise, Bells father has been put in prison. (正)二、主动形式，被动意义在中学阶段，主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有以下几种，希望同学们能够记住。1有些表示状态特征的系动词、感官动词，如look, sound, feel ,smell, taste, prove, appear, sound, turn out 等+形容词/名词的系表结构。如：How sweet the music sounds! 这音乐听起来多么悦耳！2表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。例如：read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut dry, eat, drink, keep, feel ,burn, last ,strike, cut等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。或与表示行为方式的状语连用时，或与情态动词连用时，如：This coat dries easily. 这件大衣很容易干。3少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如：print, build, cook, fry ,hang, build, make，例如：The books are printing. 这些书正在被印刷。The meat is cooking. 肉在煮着呢。4当get ，become，go 等动词用作系动词时，其表语是过去分词时，可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，例如：The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。三、不能转化成被动语态的主动句。我们知道不及物动词没有被动语态，有的及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，同样也没有被动语态，一般来说下列情况的主句不能转化成被动语态：1.某些表示状态的及物动词。如：have, own, possess, lack, want, fit, suit, become, last, cost, fail, escape, hold等。例如：Our boss possesses great wealth. 我们老板拥有巨大的财富。2. stand, lie等静态动词,这些动词表某物位于某处。There stands a high building over there.那边矗立着一座高高的楼房。3. taste, feel, look, smell, sound等感官动词This kind of food tastes good.这种食物尝起来味道很好。4. stay, keep, remain等动词The weather has stayed hot recently.最近天气一直很热。After his election to a high office, he remained modest.在被选为高级领导干部之后他仍然谦虚。5. sell well(畅销),last well(持久),wash well(耐洗),write well(写起来流畅)等动副搭配This kind of flower sells well.这种花很畅销。The pens produced in this factory write well .这家工厂生产的钢笔写起来流畅。6. wash easily(易洗),break easily(易折), write smoothly(写起来流畅), light easily(易燃)等动副搭配This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布容易洗。It is very wet, the match does not light easily.天气很潮湿,火柴不易划着。四、 使用含有短语动词的被动语态时,不能将短语中的介词或副词给遗漏掉。例如:What the teacher said just now must be paid attention to.The elders are taken good care of in the village.The plan will never be given up no matter what happens.五、被动语态与连系动词 + 表语(过去分词)这一结构的主要区别在于被动语态表示动作,而系表结构表示状态