book7module3+grammar

intendv.打算illegallyadv.违法地；非法地repayv.报答；回报castn.演员阵容，全体演员distributev.分发，分配，分送chaptern.章节filthyadj.十分肮脏的，污秽的sparrown.麻雀seagulln.海鸥pipen.（通常埋在地下的）管，管子，管道smogn.烟雾chokev.（使）窒息，（使）噎住，（使）呼吸困难swallowv.吞下；咽下（食物或饮料）ragn.（一小块）旧布；抹布dustbinn.垃圾箱，垃圾桶,intendv.打算illegallyadv.违法地；非法地repayv.报答；回报castn.演员阵容，全体演员distributev.分发，分配，分送chaptern.章节filthyadj.十分肮脏的，污秽的sparrown.麻雀seagulln.海鸥pipen.（通常埋在地下的）管，管子，管道smogn.烟雾chokev.（使）窒息，（使）噎住，（使）呼吸困难swallowv.吞下；咽下（食物或饮料）ragn.（一小块）旧布；抹布dustbinn.垃圾箱，垃圾桶,intendv.打算illegallyadv.违法地；非法地repayv.报答；回报castn.演员阵容，全体演员distributev.分发，分配，分送chaptern.章节filthyadj.十分肮脏的，污秽的sparrown.麻雀seagulln.海鸥pipen.（通常埋在地下的）管，管子，管道smogn.烟雾chokev.（使）窒息，（使）噎住，（使）呼吸困难swallowv.吞下；咽下（食物或饮料）ragn.（一小块）旧布；抹布dustbinn.垃圾箱，垃圾桶,Grammar(1),Inversion,倒装句讲解,英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（fullinversion）；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partialinversion）。,A.Theteachercamein.B.Incametheteacher.,2.A.Ihaveneverseenafilmsomovingbefore.B.NeverbeforehaveIseenafilmsomoving.,3.A.Sheisanicegirl.B.Issheanicegirl?,（正常语序）,（倒装语序）,（正常语序）,（正常语序）,（倒装语序）,（倒装语序）,（全部倒装）,（部分倒装）,（部分倒装）,一、完全倒装,Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。如:Thereisalotoffunintheworld.,Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.,巩固练习:1)_abeautifulpalace_thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at,2.某些副词在句首,且句子主语为名词(1)表地点的副词:there,hereHerearemyrepliestoyourquestions.Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.(2)表时间的副词:then,nowThencamethetimetopart.Nowcomesyourturn.,(3)表方位的副词:in,out,up,down,away,off,back,etc.IncomesMrSmith.Outwentthechildren.Awayranthefrightenedtiger.Downflewtheeagletoseizethechicken.,1）.There_.A.cometheyB.theycomeC.theyarecomingD.theywillcome2）._theplane.A.FlewdownB.DownflewC.DownwasflyingD.Downfly,3）.There_.Andhere_.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe,5).Out_,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush6)._fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.A.JumpeddowntherobberB.JumpedtherobberdownC.DownjumpedtherobberD.Downtherobberjumped,3.当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时,用完全倒装。,Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Thesoldiersrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.,1)Nearthechurch_cottage.A.wassuchanoldB.hadasooldC.wassucholdaD.issoanold,1.Southofthecity_.A.liesabigsteelfactoryB.abigsteelfactoryliesC.abigsteelfactorylieD.lieabigsteelfactory.2.Fromthevalley_.A.afrighteningsoundcameB.afrighteningsoundcomeC.afrighteningsoundiscomeD.cameafrighteningsound,(1)代词作主语时,不倒装Hereyouare.Thereitis.Inhecomes.(2)此结构不用进行时态.常用的谓语动词有:be,come,go,lie,live,seem,run,remain,stand,rush，sit等表示位置静止或移动的词.,注意,4.作表语的adj,过去分词,现在分词在句首(1)形容词表语在句首：PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.,形容词+连系动词+主语,(2)过去分词表语在句首：GonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheylikedtotheChinesepeople.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.(3)现在分词表语在句首：Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout5.Standingbesidethetablewasaninterpreter.,过去分词+系动词+主语,现在分词+系动词+主语,1)_,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein2)_arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going,1.“Doyouthinkmyclothesfitwell?”askedtheemperor.2.MrsmithsaidMary,MayIborrowyourpen?“3.“Whereareyougoing?”heasked.,直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时句子要全部倒装。,如果主语是代词时，不用倒装。或谓语比主语长，或是它后面有宾语时，一般也不用倒装。“Willyoupleasecarryitforme?”saidtheoldman.“Pleasedomeafavour,”hesaid.“Heisaliar.Youcanttrusthim,”Tomsaidtomeinawhisper.,“Whydidntyoujoinus!”Ourmonitoraskedme.,半倒装指的是只把助动词或情态动词放在主语前.1一般疑问句及某些特殊疑问句:CanyouspeakFrench?Haveyoueverseenthemovie?Whatareyoudoing?,2.否定词在句首:否定词包括:单词:not,seldom,never,barely,scarcelyhardly,rarely,little,nowhere,等NotaworddidIsaytohim.NevershallIdothisagain.Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.Hardlydidheknowthatthepolicewereafterhim.,(2)介词短语:innotime(立刻),atnotime/innoway/innocase/bynomeans/onnoaccount/undernocircumstances/onnocondition(决不)BynomeansisittruethatallEnglishpeopleknowtheirownlanguagewell.Onnoconditionmustyouclimbthathighwall.Undernocircumstancesshouldyoulendhimanymoney.,巩固练习:1)Hardly_theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto2)Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?No,_anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen3).Nowhereelseintheworld_cheapertailoringthaninHongKong.A.atouristcanfindB.canatouristfindC.atouristwillfindD.atouristhasfound,(1)notuntil位于句首引起的倒装。,Ididntleaveuntilhecame.,Notuntilhecameback,didIleave.,Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthebabyfellasleep.,Notuntilthebabyfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.,1)直到他来我才离开。,2)直到婴儿入睡妈妈才离开房子。,NotuntilyesterdaydidIknowwhathehaddone.,Ididntknowwhathehaddoneuntilyesterday.,notuntil引起的倒装，主句倒装，从句不倒装。,3)直到昨天我才知道他做了什么事情。,总结,(2)Notonly+(句子)半倒装,but(also)+(句子)陈述句形式Notonlydidheworkfaster,butalsoheworkedbetter.Notonlyshouldwenotbeafraidofdifficulties,butalsoweshouldtryourbesttoovercomethem.注意:notonlybutalso连接的是并列主语时,不倒装.NotonlyJackbutalsoMaryismyfriend.,Notonlydidhemakeaplan,buthealsocarrieditout.,Henotonlymadeaplan,butalsohecarrieditout.,Henotonlystudieshard,butalsohealwayshelpsotherclassmates.,Notonlydoeshestudyhard,buthealsohelpsotherclassmates.,1)他不仅制作了一个计划而且还实施了这个计划。,2)他不仅学习努力，而且乐于助人。,(3)HardlyBarely+半倒装+when+陈述句形式Scarcely即:had+主+Vpp(Ved)Nosooner+半倒装(had+主+Vpp)+than+陈述句(Ved)Hardly/Barely/Scarcelyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetrainbegantoleave.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanthetelephonerang.,Youhadnosoonerfinishedyourhomeworkthanyouwentouttoplay.,Ihadnosoonerlaindownthanthetelephonerang.,NosoonerhadIlaindown,thanthetelephonerang.,Nosoonerhadyoufinishedyourhomeworkthanyouwentouttoplay.,1)你刚一完成作业就跑出去耍.nosooner.than,2)我刚躺下电话就响了。,Hardlyhadthegamebegunwhenitstartedraining.,Thegamehadhardlybegunwhenitstartedraining.,Hardlyhadhetoldthejokeswhenhebeganlaughing.,Hehadhardlytoldthejokeswhenhebeganlaughing.,3)比赛刚开始就开始下雨了。,4)他一开始讲笑话他就开始笑。,Neitherhashecalledonher,norwillhedoso.,(4)Neithernor连接的两个句子都要倒装,Hehasneithercalledonher,Hewillnordoso.,Neitherhashecalledonher,norwillhedoso.,EXERCISES,1).Notonly_workinghark,butalso_verypolite.A.istheboy;heisB.Istheboy;isheC.theboyis;heisD.theboyis;ishe,A,2).Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalk_hewassurroundedbytheworkers.A.asB.thenC.thanD.when,C,3).NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize,B,4)._himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas,C,3only+状语在句首:副词Only+状语介词短语+半倒装状语从句OnlythendidIknowIwaswrong(副词)OnlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimproveyourEnglish.(介词短语)OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizeit.(从句),注：only修饰主语时，不倒装.Onlyhecandothiswork.,1)Youcanlearnfromyourmistakesonlyinthisway.,Onlyinthisway_learnfromyourmistakes.,can,you,2)Hestaysinbedonlywhenheisseriouslyill.,Onlywhenheisseriouslyill_stayinbed.,does,he,3).OnlyRose_.只有罗斯知道真相.,knowsthetruth,(若强调的部分不是状语不用倒装),_,_,4)Onlyinthisway_makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto5)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover_gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe,such+名词.that+句子so+adj./advthat+句子（半倒装）Soselfishwasshethateveryoneavoidtalkingwithher.SuchaninterestingbookisitthatIwanttoreaditagain.,4sothat/suchthat中So+adj./adv或such.提前到句首时，前面的部分用倒装语序.(主句),1)Soloudly_that_hearherclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould,2)._thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.A.sofinewastheweatherB.sowasthefineweatherC.theweathersofinewasD.sotheweatherwasfine,5(1)用so作简单回答时表明前面说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或物，“也一样”如：,1Helikesswimminginsummerverymuch._Wesawthefootballmatchlastweek._3ThegirlcanspeakfluentEnglish._4Igetupatsevenand_,SodoI.,Sodidthey.,Socantheboy.,sodoesmybrother.,5HehasneverbeentoShanghai.6Hedidntfindanyusefulmaterialinthebook.,（2）用neither/nor作简单回答时表明前面说的否定情况也适用于另一个人,“也不一样如：,NeitherhaveI.,NordidI.,7Hedidntdoitand_,neither/nordidI.,(3)当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用soitiswith.句型来表示。,Tomlikessinging,buthedoesntlikedancing.,Tomiscleverandhestudieshard.,SoitiswithMary.,SoitiswithMary.,-Itishottoday.-Hefinisheditontime.-,注意,Soitis.,Sohedid.,如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装.（确实是),1).Johnwonfirstprizeinthecontest.-_.sohedidB.sodidheC.sohedidtooD.sodidhe,too2).Afterthatweneversawheragain,nor_fromher.A.didwehearB.weheardC.hadweheardD.wehaveheard3).doyouknowJimquarrelwithhisbrother?-Idontknow,_.NordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareeitherD.Idontcarealso4).Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.-_,and_.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohehe;soyouhave,A,A,A,B,6省略if的虚拟条件句当从句中有were,had或should时,可省略if,将were,had或should提到主语前,构成半倒装形式.WerewereShould+主=if+主+shouldHadhadWereIabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldgrowbetter.Hadyoumytroubles,youwoulddespair.,WereJackhere,theywouldbeabletosolvetheproblem.HadIthemoney,Iwouldbuyanewhouse.Shouldhefailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.,IfJackwerehere,theywouldbe.,IfIhadthe