必修1 unit4Grammar (1)

人教课标高一必修1Unit4,Unit4Earthquakes,定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,Theboywhoisreadingabookoverthereismyfriend.,Heismyfriend.Heisreadingabookoverthere.,Declanisafamoussinger.Hesingsthesongtellmewhy.Declanisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongtellmewhy.,Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.HeisafamoussingerwhoisfromTaiwan.,谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好,一切都好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。,Proverbs,Friendshipislikesoundhealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitislost.,Alliswellthatendswell.,Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：,定语从句,关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that,关系副词：when,where,关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：,在从句中的作用,指代功能,定语从句的位置,定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。,e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.,先行词,定语从句,Doyouknowthedoctor?Hespokejustnow.,Doyouknowthedoctorwhospokejustnow?,whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。,e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?,ThegirlisfromAmerica.,Icalledherjustnow.,Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.,which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,e.g.Imnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall.,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Ihavereadthenewspaper.,Itcarriestheimportantnews.,Ihavereadthenewspaperwhichcarriestheimportantnews.,Ishowedhimtheletter.,Ireceiveditthismorning.,Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.,that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,e.g.ThehousethatImgoingtobuyfacessouth.,Theyretalkingaboutthefilm.,Ihaveseenthefilm.,Theyretalkingaboutthefilm(that)Iveseen.,ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,Janehasborrowedthebook.,JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,*先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that引导。,all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词,the+形容词最高级,e.g.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.,Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonshehadvisitedinthecity.,*在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。,that,e.g.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere.,that,e.g.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.,*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略),e.g.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.,Thatisthenewmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.,Thatsthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.,当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that。e.g.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.,在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.,先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时,用whom或that(介词后不用that)。,e.g.Theteacherwantstoreturnthebooktothegirlfromwhomheborrowedit.,Heisthestudent(whom,who,that)youwanttosee.关系代词that,which,whom在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。,*whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。,Herfatherhadgivenusareport.Thegirlgotfirst.,Thegirlwhosefatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst.,e.g.Thatsthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.,I.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。Thisisthebestfilm_(我看过的).,(that)Ihaveever,seen,2.Hehasadaughter_(在医院工作的).3.Thetree_(叶子变红了的)isanoldone.,who/thatworks,whoseleavesturnred/the,inahospital,leavesofwhichturnred,II.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?whichB.whoC.whomD.that,D,2.Ihaveseensomestrangetrees,_openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.A.whichtheleavesB.whoseleavesC.whichleavesD.theirleaves3.All_weneedisenoughrestafterlonghourswork.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which,B,B,4.OnthetrainIsawagirl_Ithoughtwasyoursister.whoB.whomC.whichD.what5.H