高二英语Unit 11—Scientific achievements（II）人教版知识精讲

高二英语高二英语 UnitUnit 1111ScientificScientific achievementsachievements（IIII）人教版人教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Unit 11Scientific achievements（II） 二. 单元难点句解析（II） 三. 构词知识（I） 知识总结与归纳： （一）单元难点句解析： 1. It showcases Chinas hi-tech successes achieved under 863 programme. 这次高科技展览展示了 863 计划下中国所取得的高科技成果。 achieved under 863 programme 过去分词短语做定语修饰 Chinas hi-tech successes；与被修饰词是被动关系， 2. The 863 Programme and the new technologies have directly and indirectly helped Chinas economic construction and strengthened its social development. 863 计划及其新技术都直接或间接帮助了中国的经济建设并且加强了社会发展。 strengthen：（动词）加强。 His words strengthened my courage. 注意构词形式：strong strength strengthen 类似的单词还有：shorten; sharpen; encourage; enlarge; enrich 3. RED HOT ACHIEVEMENT red hot：在此表示：最新的，最近的；相当于：latest; 如：red hot news; 此外还表示：炽热的，激进的，如： He made a red hot speech at the meeting. 4. China has long been a leader in the field of genetic research aimed at improving agriculture. 针对提高农业的基因研究领域里，中国长期以来一直处于领先地位。 in the field of：在领域里 aimed at improving agriculture：过去分词短语做定语修饰 genetic research aim at 瞄准，目的在于 The research aimed at curing cancer will soon break through. 5. In 2002, Chinese scientists announced that they had completed their part of the international human genome project, proving that Chinese scientists are among the worlds best. 2002 年中国科学家宣布他们已经完成了国际人类基因组项目中自己承担的任 务，从而证明了中国科学家是世界上一流的。 announce：宣布，显示，可以表示为句型：It is announced that. The airport announced that all the flights were cancelled because of bad weather. Has it been announced when the planes are to take off ? proving that Chinese scientists are among the worlds best：现在分 词短语做状语。表示补充说明。 He went there, hoping to find some useful information. She suggested shopping on Friday, pointing out that the supermarket would be very crowded at weekend. 6. For the first time ever, scientists have been able to create a chemical element that can fight caner cells. 科学家第一次能够创造出一种抗癌细胞的化学成分。 For the first time ever：有史以来第一次。 ever 与比较级，最高级，序数词表示“曾经” “有史以来” “任何时候” I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard out of breath. It was the best result that theyve ever had. He is the greatest poet that ever lived. 四. 构词知识（II） （一）常见的否定意义的前缀或后缀： 1. dis-：disappear; disappearance; disagree; disagreement; discolour; dishonest; dishonesty; disappointed 2. im-：impossible; impossibility; immovable; immoral 3. in-：invisible; independence; injustice; 4. il-：illegal; illogical 5. mis-：misunderstand; mislead; mistake; misprint; 6. un-：unexpected; unforgettable; unsuccessful; unable; unknown; unlike; 7.-less：careless; useless; hopeless; homeless; regardless （二）常见的名词后缀： 1. ion；- ation：evolution；constitution；expression；education；invention；sugges tion；education； admiration；examination；graduation；communication 2. ment：achievement；arrangement；basement；movement；announcement 3. ness：happiness；willingness；darkness 4. ity：activity；responsibility；possibility；ability；equality 5. ship：relationship；friendship；leadership （三）常见的形容词后缀： 1. ive；-ative：impressive；active；connective；creative；defensive 2. able；- ible：acceptable；visible；incurable；responsible；reliable；acc essible 3. ous：mountainous；dangerous；glorious 4. al：official；chemical；financial；potential；economical （四）具有特殊意义的前缀： 1. anti-：（反抗，排斥，阻止）：antisocial; antibody; antifreeze; 2. tele-：（距离上的远）：telephone; telegram; telecommunication; 3. trans-：（横过；转化；变化）：translate; transport; transfer; transmit; transfusion 4. re-：（重复，向后，相互，反）：rebuild; repeat; reconstruction; 五. 总结：本单元重点短语与句型： 1. havein common 2. have in store 3. home to 4. set foot in. 5. have a positive effect on 6. rely on / upon 7. come to life. 8. contribute to 9. put forward. 10. aim at 11. in the field of 12. 疑问词+do you think / believe / suppose +陈述句？ 13. Whatever 引导的状语或名词性从句。 14. sb. be likely to do或 Its likely that陈述句。 15. Not all 等部分否定意义的表达。 16. 抽象名词与具体意义名词的转化。 【典型例题】 一. 单项选择： 1. What is most _ time to find him at home ? A. possibleB. likelyC. probableD. like 分析：最有可能什么时间在家能找到他？likely 在此做定语。Possible 和 probable 都没有最高级形式。 答案：B 2. We got _ and didnt notice the time. A. talkedB. to talkC. talkingD. to be talking 分析：我们开始谈起来没有注意到时间。get talking 开始谈话. get doing=start doing。 答案：C 3. Lets go and arrange _ him _ the board. A. for; withB. of; inC. on; ofD. with; about 分析： 我们和他一起去安排伙食吧。arrange with sb. about sth.：与某人 一起安排某事。 答案：D 4. At the meeting, they _ many solutions to the problem. A. put upB. put forwardC. put onD. put in 分析：在会上他们提出了多种解决问题的方案。put up：举起，建造，张贴； put forward：提出；put on：上演，穿衣服；put in：投入，提交。 答案：B 5. The success of this project _ everyone making an effort. A. relies onB. cares forC. reminds ofD. calls up 分析：成功依赖每个人的努力。 答案：A 6. _ that the national science conference will soon be held in Jinan. A. It announces B. It is announced C. It declares D. It declared 分析：已经宣布这次科技大会将在济南举行。句型：It is announced that. 答案：B 二. 翻译句子： 1. 别指望我能给你任何帮助。 2. 父母的言行对孩子的影响很大。 3. 他们已经采取了一些旨在减少道路交通事故的措施。 4. 我给 Bill 写信感谢他对我的帮助。 5. 自从和爷爷生活在一起，这个沉默寡言的女孩变得活泼起来。 6. 他们两个并非来自同一个国家。 7. 吸烟有可能会引发心脏病。 答案： 1. Dont rely on me to give you any help. 2. What parents say and do has great effects on their children. 3. Theyve taken some measures aimed at reducing road accident. 4. I wrote to Bill thanking him for his help. 5. The silent girl has come to life since she lived with her grandfather. 6. Not both of them are from the same country. 7. Smoking can contribute to heart disease. 【模拟试题】 （答题时间：60 分钟） 一. 单项选择： 1. You are very _ to be late again unless you get there by bus. A. likelyB. possibleC. probableD. proper 2. Only those who really _ the spirits of the Chinese poems can successfully translate them into English. A. catchB. masterC. graspD. require 3. Trains late arrival made _ quite impossible to get to Shanghai before eleven. A. themB. itC. thisD. what 4. There are dozens of famous universities and research institutes in the northwest of the US. Harvard and Yale Universities _. A. includedB. includingC. includeD. are including 5. The manager tried to _ the young man to stay in the company, but he failed. A. adviseB. persuadeC. suggestD. achieve 6. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. A. whicheverB. whateverC. howeverD. wherever 7. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to _ before the party. A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change 二. 完型填空： “Do you think well win?” ten-year-old Tyrus Lucas asked his mother 1 he wrote his name on the entry（参赛作品）to Cartoon Networks toy sweepstakes. “We can 2 ,” said his mother, a divorced mother who worked as a teacher and struggled to 3 her kids. She didnt have much cash for 4 . A week later the phone rang. “Your son won our drawing!” a woman 5 “Great,” cried his mother, “Which 6 did he win?” “All of them. A thousand toys!” The next Saturday when the doorbell of their home rang, Tyrus, not 7 the surprise, opened the door and his face 8 up. “Mum,” he cried. “Cartoon Network is here?” So were dozens of 9 kids who had run over to the cartoon- covered truck. They jumped 10 as hundreds of toys tumbled from the trucks back doors. Tyrus thought he could 11 his whole room with them. But as he looked at the children around him, he 12 . The others in their working-class neighborhood didnt have 13 either. “Here,” he said, 14 a doll to a little girl. Then he handed a boy a Lite Brite. “Take 15 you want,” Tyrus told the kidsand they did, 16 him over and over. Tyrus kept several games, but he wasnt done giving. “Why dont we give some to your 17 , Mom?” he asked. They 18 almost l00 toys to the elementary school where she worked. “The first thing my son thought of was to 19 ,” his mother says, beaming. “Im so 20 of him.” 1. A. though B. as C. as long as D. so that 2. A. guess B. ask C. wait D. try 3. A. support B. promise C. treat D. consider 4. A. drawings B. extras C. food D. contests 5. A. declared B. explained C. celebrated D. praised 6. A. prize B. pay C. toy D. wealth 7. A. seeing B. helping C. knowing D. enjoying 8. A. lighted B. looked C. turned D. set 9. A. attractive B. warm C. helpful D. excited 10. A. off B. out C. clown D. up and down 11. A. join B. fill C. teach D. look 12. A. worried B. stopped C. laughed D. examined 13. A. much B. them C. little D. qualities 14. A. showing B. moving C. handing D. driving 15. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever 16. A. troubling B. disturbing C. reminding D. thanking 17. A. school B. friends C. students D. children 18. A. contributed B. delivered C. sold D. lent 19. A. take B. create C. give D. forgive 20. A. fond B. proud C. sure D. kind 三. 阅读理解： Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scientists have found out that stress helps to bring it on. It is worthwhile to consider, therefore, what are the causes of stress in our life, and whether we can do anything about them. Are we underemployed, or overburdened with too many responsibilities? Do we have a right balance of work and leisure in our lives? Are our relationships with family, friends or fellow workers all they should be? All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them honestly, and to bring our frustrations into the open. People who have a good row and then forget it are doing their health better than those who bottle up their feelings. If our self-examination has brought any causes of stress to light, let us consider what we can do about them. It is possible to change jobs. We can make more leisure and fill it more happily, if we will accept a different living standard. We can improve our personal relationships by a different attitude. It is we who allow other people to make ourselves unhappy. Often the little things that disturb us are not worth an hours anger. The teaching in the Bible Dont let the sun go down upon your wrath is good advice from the health point of view as well as the religions. 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Freedom from responsibilities helps relieve stress. B. Stress is the direct cause of cancer. C. The causes of stress are worthy of serious study. D. Cancer is the number one killer in our society today. 2. According to the text, which of the following types of people is more likely to suffer from stress? A. People who have cancer. B. People who like to quarrel with others. C. People whose living standard is low. D. People who have more responsibilities than they can handle. 3. Judging from the context, the word “row” in the third paragraph most probably means _ A. a noisy quarrel B. a very loud noise C. a neat line of things side by side D. a journey in a boat 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our stress? A. Changing our jobs. B. Changing our attitude about little things that make us unhappy. C. Speaking out about our frustrations. D. Reading the Bible. 【试题答案】 一. 单项选择： 1. A 你有可能又要迟到了。句型：sb. be likely to do sth. 2. C 真正理解或领会了中国诗歌的精髓。 3. B 火车晚点使在 11 点以前到上海变为不可能了。句型：make