高二英语Chapter 2 The many meanings of color沪教版

Chapter 2 The many meanings of color一周强化一、考纲词汇讲解1ambitious a. 热望的，有雄心的，有抱负的ambitiously ad.ambitiousness n.He then attempted something more ambitious, a novel of 200,000 words.接着他试图写作一部更大的作品，一本二十万字的长篇小说。By no stretch of the imagination could you call him ambitious.不管你怎么想，也不能说他存有野心。ambitious for (power, social position, etc.) 极欲获得权力，社会地位等be ambitious of success 渴望成功be ambitious to serve the people 一心想为人民服务2appetite n. 爱好，嗜好，食欲，胃口，欲望She is suffering from lack of appetite.她食欲不振。Why dont you go for a walk? Itll give you an appetite for your lunch.你怎么不出去散散步? 散散步午饭时就有食欲了。Theres nothing to touch mountain air for giving you an appetite.再也没有比山间清新的空气更能促进食欲的了。习惯用语Appetite comes with eating.谚胃口越吃越大(贪得无厌)。get up ones appetite 开胃, 增进食欲; 做刺激胃口的事have an appetite for 爱好to sb.s appetite 合某人的口味心意3associate n. 同伴，伙伴 v. 联合，联想I dont want to associate myself with them any more.我不愿再和他们交往了。We associate China with the Great Wall.我们想起中国，就联想到长城。an associate judge 陪审法官I got a new job and a new set of work associations.我有了新工作和一班新同事。4agreev. 同意；愿意；答应(某事物)；(与某人)意见一致；与相宜Is he going to agree to our suggestion?他会同意我们的建议吗?He agreed to let me go home early.他同意让我早些回家。Do you agree with me about the need for more schools?关于多建一些学校一事，你同意我的意见吗?We couldnt agree on when to meet.关于什么时候见面，我们未能取得一致意见。The liquor did not agree with me.这酒不适合我喝。(sth. agrees with sb.)5decrease n. 减少，减少之量v. 减少His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这门学科的兴趣逐渐减退。The number of children in the school has decreased this year.今年在校的儿童人数减少了。There was a decrease in the number of children in school.在校的儿童人数有所减少。Your hunger decreases as you eat.饥饿感在吃饭时会渐渐消失的。on the decrease在减少中, 在下降中decrease to减少到decrease in by. (尺寸)减少.decrease Vs reduce都含“减少”的意思。decrease 指“渐渐地减少”，如：His temperature decreases.他的烧退了。reduce 指“人为地减少、降低”，如：reduce speed 减速。6emotional a. 感情的，情绪的The boy got very emotional when I had to leave, and started to cry.当我不得不离开时，这个孩子情绪异常激动，忍不住哭了起来。Women are often said to be more emotional than men.人们常说女人比男人更富于感情。She had a major emotional upset.她情绪上受到了沉重的打击。Sometimes emotional problems might lead to serious results.有时候情绪问题会导致严重的结果。emotional expression 表情7familiar a. 熟悉的I am not really familiar with the local laws.实际上我对当地的法律并不熟。He looks so familiar but I cant remember his name.他看上去非常面熟，但我想不起他的名字来了。The children are too familiar with their teacher.这帮小学生对老师过於随便。8fascinating adj. 迷人的, 醉人的, 着魔的fascinate v. 令人入神，使入迷The gloss and glitter of Hollywood seemed fascinating to the girl.好莱坞的虚荣与繁华似乎强烈吸引着这个女孩。This oriental legend is fascinating.这个东方传说很吸引人。I find it extremely fascinating.我觉得这非常迷人。The book is fascinating, despite its uninspiring title.这本书很有意思, 虽然书名并不吸引人。The students were fascinated by his ideas.学生们都被他的思想吸引住了。9personality n. 个性；C名人(尤指娱乐界或体育界的)Personal adj. 私人的，个人的，亲自的，容貌的，身体的，人身的，针对个人的Person n. 人，身体，容貌，语法人称She is quite a personality.她相当有个性。His personality comes through in his writing.他的个性体现在他的文章中。His wife was very beautiful, but seemed to have no personality.他的妻子很漂亮，但似乎没有什么特点。personalities from the film world 影界名流a television personality 电视圈中的名人10reliable a. 可靠的rely v. 信赖，倚赖，信任The news comes from a reliable source.这消息来自可靠的来源。He wont let you down; hes reliable.他值得信赖, 不会让你失望。I think I can come, but dont rely on it.我想我能来，但还说不定。They have to rely on the river for their water.他们用水只好依靠这条河。11response n. 反应，回答，响应She made no response to my letter.她没有回我的信。Millions of people gave freely in response to the famine appeal.千百万人响应救灾呼吁而慷慨解囊。His cool response suggested that he didnt like the idea.他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。12tense tens a. 紧张的，拉紧的 v. 变为紧张，拉紧 n. 语法时态It is difficult to be natural when one is tense.人在紧张的时候很难泰然自若。The verb is in the present tense.这个动词使用的是现在时态。The players were tense at the start of the game.队员们在比赛开始时很紧张。二、句子解析1Swiss psychologist Max Luscher has spent over 20 years studying colors, and has developed a color test which helps to explain your personality.（1）spend时间(in)doing sth. 花时间做I spent two hours in finishing my homework.（2）which helps to中which引导定语从句，修饰test，在句中做主语。Which在从句中也可做宾语，在非限制定语从句中可省略。如：This is the place which is worth visiting.这是一个值得参观的地方。The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语，可以省略)2It is possible to measure responses to some colors scientifically.不定式在句中可用作主语如：To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。It isadj,/n. +to do sth.现在英语中，更为普遍的是用it来开始一个句子，作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。如：Its good to see all my teachers and friends again.再见到所有的老师和朋友真好。Its been a pleasure to be able to help you.能够帮助你是一种荣幸。3When we see a red light, for example, we become more tense and our heart rate increases. Blue, on the other hand, makes our heart rate decrease, and lets us more relaxed.（1）for example 例如(可以放在句中或句末)，如：Id like to keep a petfor example, a dog.= Id like to keep a pet, for example, a dog.=Id like to keep a pet , a dog , for example.（2）on the other hand 在另一方面He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.4Next time you are in a supermarket, think about the colors around you and on the products.可引导时间状语从句的time 短语：在every time, each time, (the) next time, (the)last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以time结尾的短语也可引导从句。如：I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. (1998上海)某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the day, the year等。Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？Yes, I gave it to her the moment I saw her. (2001北京、内蒙古、安徽春招)5Not only does it stimulate the appetite, but it also makes us feel active and not relaxed, so that after we have eaten, we want to get up quickly and leave, thus making space more customers.（1）Not only does itbut it also否定词not only放在句首,它所引导的句子要部分倒装。如： Not only had his possession been taken away, but also he was forced to leave his motherland.（2）否定词放在句首句子部分倒装。这些词有：never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, at no time, not once, neither, nor, little, not only, not until, no sooner.等。Never have I been abroad.No sooner had I finished my homework than the lights went out.6Different cultures do not always agree on their color associations. To see a black cat is lucky in some countries but unlucky in others.（1）agree on (双方)就达成共识，如：They agree on when and where they will go to Hongkong.Cf. agree with sb. /ones word/ ones opinion/ ones idea/ what sb. said（2）To see a black cat不定式在句中可用作主语。（3）but引导并列句。but unlucky in others = but to see a black cat is unlucky in others.三、语法点拨不定式的几点特殊用法1只能接不定式做宾语的动词(短语)ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, manage, try ones best, make an attempt(努力), learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(希望，愿意), agree, promise, decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind, offer(主动提出), apply(申请), fail(不能，没有), prepare, pretend, refuse, happen, afford等。如：We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (全国卷)2表示未实现的愿望或打算的10个动词(短语)表示“本打算/想/希望做某事”但事实上却没做的事情，用plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect等动词的过去完成时，加不定式的一般式；或者这类动词的一般过去时，加不定式的完成式；was /were, would /should like加不定式的完成式；was /were going不定式的一般式。即：如：I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (全国卷)3不带to的不定式（1）在感观动词feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch及使役动词have, let, make等词后的补足语的主动语态的句子中，不定式不带to。Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.(全国卷)（2）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides, than, about后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do“做”的各种形式，则后面的不定式不带to，否则要带to。She could do nothing but cry.What would you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go.She thought of no other way out than to cheat.4不定式作定语时的介词问题（1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：She is looking for a room to live in.Please give me a kni