高二英语Unit 18 第二课北师大版知识精讲

高二英语Unit 18 第二课北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 18 第二课（一）Vocabularyfreezing adj. 严寒的，冰冻的 freezing pointWhat freezing weather!freeze vi. 凝固 Fresh water freezes at 0.感到极冷 I am freezing.The two metal surfaces freeze together.Smiles froze on their faces.vt. The road is frozen hard.freeze to sth. 紧紧抓住freeze sb. out 用冷淡的态度逼走某人freeze ones blood / make ones blood frozenfreeze to deathbend vt. 弯曲 Bend them to our will.集中 All eyes were bent on me.bend ones mind to sth. 专心于vi. The river bends to the east.He bent down to pick up the book.above ones bend 为某人力所不及on bended knees 跪着convey vt. 传达，表达，运送Please convey my deepest sympathy to the injured.I want to convey to the children that reading is one of lifes greatest happinesses.Her blond hair and blue eyes convey her Swedish origins.Every word conveys some meaning.n. conveyanceaffection n. 爱慕，钟爱 have an affection for / towards sb.set ones affections on / upon sb.影响，属性，病 the primary affectionthe secondary affectionaffect effect affectation affected affectingaffect v. 影响，感动 The audience were deeply affected.The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.假装 He affected ignorance.effect n. have an effect onaffectation n. 装模作样 without affectation 直率的，不做作的affected adj. 假装的， 不自然的affecting adj. 令人感动的recommend v. 推荐，介绍I want to recommend you a good film.He recommended her as a good designer.劝告，建议 The doctor recommended the patient to do some labor.They recommend that the machine be examined.使成为可取 His idea has quite a few points to recommend it.托付 She recommended her son to me when she was away on business.recommendation n. 推荐，介绍信，劝告a letter of recommendationfollow ones recommendation（二）PoetryA Tranquil NightBefore my bed a frost of light,Is it hoarfrost upon the ground?Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright;Head bent, in homesickness I am drowned.The Night Before ChristmasIt was the night before Christmas,And all through the house,Nothing was moving,Not even a mouse.The stockings had been hung,With attention and careIn the hope that Santa,Soon would be there.The children were sleeping,Safe in their beds.While vague dreams of presents,danced in their heads.My wife, wearing a scarf,And I, wearing a cap,Had just settled ourselvesFor a long winter nap.And then, in an instant,I heard on the roofThe stepping and scratchingOf each little hoof.As I pulled in my head,And was turning around,Down came about Santa,In a single bound.His oval eyes shinedAnd his face looked so merry,His cheeks were like roses,His nose like a cherry.His cute little mouthTurned up like a bow,And the beard and moustacheWere as white as the snow.He didnt speak a word,And went straight to work.He filled all the stockingsAnd then turned with a jerk.After looking aroundAnd scratching his nose,He gave a nodAnd up the chimney he rose.He jumped into his sleigh,And gave a loud whistle,And away he flew,Like the seeds of a thistle.But I heard him shout,Before he drove out of sight,“Merry Christmas to all,And to all a good night.”（三）Grammar1. would and used to二者都表示过去常常做某事，但前者表示过去的习惯性动作，可能还会延续下去，后者表示过去常做某事但现在不再做了。He used to make a lot of trouble.Tom would watch TV the whole morning.2. 限定词限定词有冠词，代词和指示代词等，常指用在名词前的词。可数名词前：a, an, the, another, the other不可数名词前：the, some, any, no, a lot of, much, all可数名词复数前：the, some, any, no, many, several, a lot of, all, otherAs _ unemployment is very high nowadays, its very difficult to find_ work.You can try _ second time if you fail _ first time.When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office.（1）a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book;an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。 可数名词在表泛指时，要加不定冠词“aan”表示“一个”，“每一”相当于one或表示某一. 并列的两个单数名词表示一个概念，第二个名词前的不定冠词a可以省去，以避免重复.（2）指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the。（3）在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the. 如the sun,the moon,the earth。表示江河海洋，海峡海湾，山脉和群岛及有些湖泊之前用the.（4）the用于序数词，表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。the first, the best , in the south。（5）在复数姓氏前加the，表示一家人，常看成复数。如：the Browns。（6）当一个抽象名词，不表示一般的概念而是表示某一特定的内容时加定冠词the（7）在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。（8）普通名词有特指和泛指，如果特指，就要加定冠词.由of引起的限定性短语(作定语)所修饰的词前加the.（9）由普通名词和一些其他词构成的专有名词前加thethe Peoples Republic of China（10）不能用定冠词the的几个方面：在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the) 一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.（11）在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。【模拟试题】1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed.a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in thec. breakfast in d. breakfast in the2. He has promised to give up _ hundreds of times.a. tobacco b. a tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos3. _ usually go to church every Sunday.a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns4. The train is running fifty miles _.a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour5. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _.a. at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute6. The investigators found that more should be done for _ in India.a. those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor7. You look in high spirit. You must have _ during your holiday.a. wonderful time b. a wonderful timec. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time8. The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because _ traffic there was so heavy.a. a b. an c. the d. one9. A new teacher was sent to the village in place of _ one who had retired.a. a b. the c. an d. its10. Virtue and vice are before you;_ leads you to happiness,_ to misery.a. the formerlatter b. a formera latterc. the formerthe latter d. formerlatter11. _ rose is_ beautiful flower.12. Mr. Smith always smokes _ cigarette with _cup of coffee.13. _door of _ garage is broken.14. _Donkeys are _ stupid animals.15. _Bread is made from_ flour, and_ flour is made from _wheat.16. She is _good musician; she plays _piano beautifully.17. Thousands of _visitors go to _Great Wall every _day.18. When he was eighteen joined _navy.19. He sent me _letter and _postcard;_ letter didnt arrive.20. Li is not at _office; I think hes gone_ home.