高二英语词汇（同义、近义、相似词）外研社知识精讲

高二英语词汇（同义、近义、相似词）外研社知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：英语词汇（同义、近义、相似词）精选练习（二）二. 重难点讲解：英语中有许许多多意思相同、相近的词汇和短语。在这些同义、近义词语中，哪些在意思和用法上完全相同，可以互换？哪些在意思和用法上差别较大，不能换用？哪些又是判别微妙，需要细加分辨？哪些在某些场合可以互换，而在另外一些场合却又不能？有的意思虽然相同，但所要求的句型结构或搭配关系却又不同，如此等等。对于诸如此类的问题，本课要进行讨论。【典型例题】1. Nowadays sending e-mails to each other is a way many a student _ what they think.A. conveys B. delivers C. express D. account答案：A解析：convey 表达Words cant convey my feelings.言语无法表达我的心情.2. How do you to her unkindly behavior?Only silence.Which of the following is wrong ?A. reactB. answerC. replyD. respond答案：B解析：react/ reply/ respond to sb./ sth.；answer sb./ sth.3. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Brown without hurting the feeling of , but failed .A. none B. either C. bothD. neither答案：B解析：either指两者中的任何一个，不愿意伤害他们两个当中的任何一个。4. Does this car give you good _for your money ?A. value B. price C. worth D. cost答案：A解析：good value for money 值得花那么多的钱5. Where Chongqing do you decide to build the factory ?Nobody our manager knows .A. except; besides B. but; besides C. but ; but D. except; besides答案：C解析：but表示除外。主要和疑问副词、不定代词连用。除了重庆以外，你们公司将在什么地方建工厂？除了经理没人知道。6. It seemed that Ivy was in no_ this evening to listen to my jokes.A. mindB. moodC. feelingD. emotion答案：B解析：be in no mood to do sth“没有做某事的心情”。7. Sensible people dont think it is_ to buy things which are not needed even at a low price.A. worthB. worthyC. worthlessD. worthwhile答案：D解析：It is worthwhile to do sth“值得做某事”。it is worth doing sth；it is worthy to be done；It is worthy of being done8. When you arrive at the hotel, youll_ notice the friendly staff, who will make your holiday a wonderful dream.A. sensitivelyB. scarcelyC. immediatelyD. obviously答案：C解析：C“立即”；A“敏感地”；B“几乎不，将近”；D“明显地”。9. As they havent a child of their own, theyre going to _ a little girl.A. acceptB. receiveC. adaptD. adopt答案：D解析：D“领养”；A“接受”；B“收到”；C“适应”。10. After careful research, it was decided that the spaceship should reenter the Earths_.A. surfaceB. airC. environmentD. atmosphere答案：D解析：D“大气”；A“表面”；B“空气”；C“环境”。11. David paused to consult his notes, then_ with his speech.A. proceededB. pursedC. pronouncedD. proposed答案：A解析：A“继续进行”，为不及物动词，常和介词with连用。B“追逐，继续，从事”，为及物动词，后不能接介词；C“发音”；D“提议，建议”。12. That way of living is_ to people in this small part of the country.A. specificB. availableC. peculiarD. particular答案：C解析：be peculiar to“特有的”，为固定词组。本句句意为：那种生活方式是这个国家那一小部分的人们所特有的。13. The headmaster is to give a formal_ at the annual ceremony.A. addressB. argumentC. debateD. remark答案：A解析：A“演讲”；B“争论”；C“辩论”；D“话语，评论”。14. He had a talent for music and was_ conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30.A. assignedB. appointedC. namedD. honored答案：B解析：B“任命”；A“布置”；C“命名”；D“给荣誉”。15. Psychologists say that_ our emotions will make us feel better and there is nothing to be ashamed of.A. relievingB. relaxingC. releasingD. removing答案：C解析：C“释放”；A“减轻”；B“放松”；D“清除”。16. After many years waiting, Chinese people_ realized their dream to hold the Olympic Games.A. constantlyB. eventuallyC. lastlyD. generally答案：B解析：B“最终地”；A“经常地”；C“最后地”；D“通常地”。17. Such noble deeds of the doctors and nurses cant be only_ with money.A. rewardedB. awardedC. praisedD. valued答案：A解析：A“回报”，常用于reward sb. with sth.结构。B“授予（奖品等）”，常用于award sb. sth；C“表扬”；D“评价，重视”。18. Shanghai is so full of_, it seems as if things never stop.A. strengthB. spiritC. forceD. energy答案：D解析：D“精力，活力”；A“力气”；B“精神”；C“力量，武力”。19. My knowledge of Hong Kong came only from some movies: a_ of criminals are pursued by the police in the narrow streets and then they have a fight.A. groupB. teamC. classD. gang答案：D解析：D“一伙”。A“组”；B“队”；C“种类，等级”。20. When we finally arrived, a lady gave us a _ introduction of the university.A. clearB. briefC. mainD. abstract答案：B解析：“简要的”。A“清晰的”；C“主要的”；D“抽象的”。21. A（n）_ is a person who understand peoples characters.A. photographerB. psychologistC. physicianD. physicist答案：B解析：B“心理学家”；A“摄影师”；C“内科医生”；D“物理学家”。22. If you build a house with good_ , it will last long.A. foundationB. floorC. basisD. ground答案：A解析：A“基础”，此处指地下的基础。B“地板，楼层”；C“基础，根据”，主要用于比喻方面，具有抽象意义；D“地面”。23. Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didnt make any_ to me.A. meaningB. importanceC. senseD. significance答案：C解析：make sense“有意义”。句意为：虽然我把教授布置的书读了好几遍，但是我仍看不懂它。24. Burning all the lights in the classroom will be a great_ on electric power.A. wasteB. lackC. drainD. damage答案：C解析：“消耗”，常与介词on连用。A“浪费”，为不可数名词；B“缺少”；D“损坏，损害”。25. As civilization_, more and more people have realized the importance of preserving rare animals from extinction.A. stretchesB. spreadsC. extendsD. expands答案：B解析：B“传播，扩散”。A“伸展”；C“延长”；D“膨胀，扩大”。【模拟试题】（一）Have you eaten too much over the holidays? You should try fidgeting for a while. Those around you might not like it, but scratching（moving your nails （指甲）against a part of your body）and twitching （moving suddenly and quickly when you dont want to） is an important way of burning up calories （卡路里）.American researchers have found that some peoples squirming（continuously turn your body when nervous）and wigging（move in small movements, especially from side to side）equals（等于）several miles of slow running each day.The scientists, based at the National Institute of Healths laboratory in Phenix, Arizona, are studying why some people get fat and other stay slim.In one study 177 people each spent 24 hours in a room in the institute where the amount （量）of energy is measured by their oxygen and carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）levels. By the end of the day, some people had burned up 800 calories in toe-tapping,（moving the front part of your foot up and down）finger-drumming（hitting your fingers continuously and lightly against something hard）and other nervous habits. However, others had burned up only 100 calories.The researchers found that slim women fidget more than fat women, but there was no significant difference in men. Heavy people burn up more energy when they fidget than do thin people.1. Which of the following can be used to explain the meaning of “fidgeting”?A. scratching and twitchingB. squirming and wiggingC. slow runningD. moving ones body nervously2. We can know from the passage that scientists believe the reason why some people get fat and other people stay slim is that _ .A. thin people burn up less calories than fat peopleB. fat people burn up more calories than thin peopleC. those who burn up more calories than others will be thinnerD. those who fidget more than others will be thinner3. Scientists found in the experiment that _ .A. the energy burned up by fat people when they fidget was more than that burned up by thin people when they fidgetB. some peoples fidgeting burned up more than 800 calories, but some peoples fidgeting burned up less than 100 caloriesC. slim women fidget more than fat women but fat men fidget more than thin menD. thin men fidget more than fat men4. If someone is thin in a pleasant way, we say they are _ .A. skinny B. bony C. slim D. underweight5. Scientists think a fidget habit to be _ .A. a way to lose fatB. a nervous habit annoying（使讨厌） the people aroundC. a better exercise than slow runningD. a habit of thin people（二）Scientists would like to place a huge mirror in space above the earth. It might be sixty miles wide. It would be used to catch the rays（光线）of the sun. It would direct the suns rays upon the earth as a child might do to make sunlight dance on the wall with a hand mirror.Why do they want to do this? The suns rays could be helpful in many ways. They could light up cities by n