高二英语Module 4 Music Born in America知识归纳外研社知识精讲

高二英语高二英语 ModuleModule 4 4 MusicMusic BornBorn inin AmericaAmerica 外研社外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Module 4 Music Born in America 二. 教学目标： 本模块题材内容为美国音乐。要求学生在了解美国音乐的基础上培养相关语言 技能。 单词和短语： soul music blues harmonica sophisticated rhythmic rhythm gospel improvisation syncopation hip hop graffiti microphone percussion rap reggae turntable movement MC-ing technique Jamaica side by side improvise vocal approach be bored with disco decline take advantage of backing track rapper emerge rather than touch trumpet in order try out arise offshore boom friction harmony virtue be blessed with conventional fancy blouse slacks neat mom consensus makeover budget cheque consultant vain bonus pace tight schedule spokeswoman deadline otherwise come out allowance far from part-time devote be devoted to swap super yell beg beg for pension quit refreshing pioneer solo satchel make an impression on sb. protest migrant humorous 重点单词短语： rhythm movement technique side by side approach be bored with decline take advantage of emerge rather than touch in order try out arise offshore boom virtue be blessed with makeover budget cheque vain pace tight schedule deadline otherwise come out far from part-time be devoted to yell beg for quit refreshing make an impression on sb. protest 语言点归纳： 1. rhythm 节奏；韵律；节拍 the exciting rhythms of drum music 兴奋的鼓乐节拍 I cant dance to music without a good rhythm. 没有好的节奏我不能跟着音乐跳舞。 有规则的变化；有规则的循环运动 the rhythm of the seasons 四季有规则的变化 派生 rhythmic adj.（rhythmical）有韵律的，有节奏的 rhythmically adv. 有节奏地；按照拍子地 rhythmic n.pl.用作单韵律学 2. decline vt. vi. 下降，下滑，下倾；衰退，衰落。例如： They wish that prices would decline. 他们希望物价能下降。 谢绝；婉谢；辞谢。例如： decline an offer 拒绝请求 decline an invitation 谢绝邀请 decline to answer a question 拒绝回答问题 转换 decline n. 衰退；衰败（一般用单数） 。例如： the decline of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国的衰亡 brooding about his decline in popularity； 思付着他的名望下降的原因 The decline of sales embarrassed the company. 销路下降使公司陷于财政困难。 搭配 in decline 在下降，在衰退中。例如： His interest in computer games is now in decline. 他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。 Secondly，people were bored with the pop music of the day disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid1970s. 其次，人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐20 世纪 70 年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都 在走下坡路。 3. consensus n. 意见一致；共同看法；舆论。例如： The two parties have reached a consensus. 这两个政党达成了一致意见。 There is broad consensus in the country on this issue. 对这一问题举国上下舆论普遍一致。 consensus politics 代表多数人意见的政纲，以协商为基础的政治 consensus management 代表民意的管理，以协商为基础的管理 At the consensus of most people is that the music is very good. 大多数人一致认为音乐非常美。 by general consensus 根据普遍的意见 government by consensus 被一致认可的政府 What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting? 下午会议上一致的意见是什么? The voters consensus was that the measure should be adopted. 大多数选民的意见是采取这个措施。 It was the consensus of the sportswriters that the game should not have been played. 体育新闻记者们一致认为这比赛本不应该进行的。 4. budget v. 安排开支 to save money by budgeting 通过安排开支而节省钱 n. 预算 a family budget 家庭预算 a government budget 政府预算 5. vain adj. 自负的；爱虚荣的 Shes very vain about her good looks. 她为她那姣好的容貌而自负。 But she claims she isnt vain. 但是她声明她并不自负。 无用的；无结果的；徒劳的 a vain attempt 无用的尝试 vain promises 空头许诺 习惯搭配 in vain 徒然，枉然 The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds. 警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。 All our work was in vain. 我们所有的工作都白费了。 6. quit vt. /vi. quitted 或 quit，quitting 停止；辞职 If I dont get a pay rise Ill quit. 若不给我加薪，我就不干了。 Ive quit my job. 我已辞职。 He has not quit smoking，but is holding down to three cigarettes a day. 他并没有戒烟，但是已减到每天只抽三支烟了。 One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. 最近，我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。 离去 As soon as he quitted（or quit）the army，he got a job. 他刚一退伍，就找到了一份工作。 ，and they wont quit the concert stage for the rest of their lives. ，他们不会离开音乐舞台度过余生。 转换 quit adj. 固定搭配为 be quit of sth. sb. 摆脱某事某人 He wants to be quit of the responsibility. 他想摆脱那个责任。 7. refreshing 爽快的，凉爽的；使人精神振作的；使人耳目一新的；给人以力 量的。例如： a refreshing and inoffensive stimulant 能提神而无害的兴奋剂 I had a refreshing drink. 我喝了一杯清爽的饮料。 common sense of a most refreshing sort 与众不同的常识 Their fans find the music clean and refreshing. 歌迷们发现这类音乐给人以耳目一新的感觉。 8. protest 抗议（书）例如： The people made a protest about the rise in prices. 人们对价格上涨提出抗议。 反对，抗议。例如： protest march 抗议游行，拒付，拒付证书 He is known as a pioneer of protest music and influenced artists such as Bob Dylan. 他以“抗议音乐”的创始人而著名并且影响了一些音乐家，比如鲍勃迪伦。 习惯搭配 enter（1adge，make）a protest 提出抗议 under protest 被迫地；持异议地；抗议地 转换 vt. /vi. （常与 against，at，about 连用）反对；提出异议 The tourists protested about the bad service at the restaurant. 旅客们对那家饭店低劣的服务表示不满。 抗辩，抗议 The children protested when they were punished unfairly. 当孩子们被不公平地处罚时，他们表示抗议。 They protested with one accord that they had not used any drug. 他们异口同声地申明他们没有服用毒品。 派生 protestation n. 声明，断言，主张；抗议，拒绝，反对 protester，protestor n. 声明者；抗议者；提出异议者；拒付（汇票）者 protestingly adv. 抗议地，不服地 9. humorous adj. 富于幽默感的，诙谐的；可笑的，轻佻的；喜剧的； （古）潮湿的；体液的 例如： a humorous remark 幽默的话语 see the humorous side of a situation 看到事情中滑稽的一面 As he grew older, his songs became more humorous and optimistic. 随着他的成长，他的歌变得更加幽默和乐观。 10. swap（=swoop）v. swapped，swapped以某物交换他物 常用句式为：swap sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物，例如： Do you want to swap your book with me? 你愿意和我交换你的书吗? Students swapped experiences during the summer vacation. 学生们相互交流了他们暑假里的经历。 She swapped our chairs. 她把我俩的椅子换了。 转换 swap n.（常用作单数）交换，交易。例如： As you like my dress and I like yours，shall we do a swap? 既然你喜欢我的衣服，我也喜欢你的，咱们交换好吗? 11. The words of early blues songs often consisted of a single line repeated two or three times before changing. 早期的蓝调（又译布鲁斯）歌曲通常包含一句要反复唱两三遍才换的歌词。 consist vi.（与 of 连用）组成，构成，包括，由组成 How many chapters does the book consist of? 这本书共有几章? The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。 His job consists of helping old people who live alone. 他的工作包括帮助无人照顾的独居老人。 （与 in 连用）在于 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。 （与 with 连用）一致，符合 Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与实践相一致。 Reading and Vocabulary 1. , because they were the best parts to dance to 因为它们是伴舞的最佳部分。 to dance to 不定式作后置定语，修饰 the best parts。 注意在此短语中 to 是介词，不能省略。 She loves to dance to music. 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。 2. There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who brought the idea with them. 纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念。 bring sth with sb. 随身带去某物。又如： Bring some money with you next time when you come. bring 短语归纳： bringinto 使处于某种状态，使卷入 该短语为动介短语。常用其被动形式。 She also brought me into touch with everything that could be felt soil, wood，silk. 她还使我接触到一切可以触摸到的东西土壤、木头、丝绸等。 The two countries were brought into war. 两个国家都被卷入了战争。 注意 由 bringinto 构成的常见短语有： bringinto action 使开始工作； bringinto being 使产生 bring into contact with 使与接触联系； bringinto effectforce 使生效； bringinto fashion 使流行起来； o play 使发挥作用； bringinto practice 使实施。 bring down 使倒下；使（价格、成本等）降低；击落 The wind brought down a number of trees. 大风刮倒了许多树。 We dont know how to bring down the price of the production. 我们不知道如何降低生产成本。 （）bring in 邀请；生产；逮捕；挣得；介绍引进；收获 该短语为动副短语，后接宾语，bring 和 in 之间也可加宾语； 作“收获”解时，其后常接 harvest，crop 等词。 Why bring Jim in? Hell do nothing to help. 为什么请吉姆呢?他什么忙也帮不上。 3. The percussion breaks were usually short，but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables side by side. 这些打击通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将 两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。 side by side 在句中的意思为“一面又一面地” “反复地” 。 side by side 还可译为“肩并肩地；一起的” 。例如： The couple sat side by side. 那对夫妇肩并肩地坐着。 The two bottles stood side by side on the table. 这两个瓶子并排放在桌子上。 提示 该短语中的介词 by 表示“逐一，连续”的意思，常用来连接两个不带冠词的 名词。类似的短语有： little by little 一点一点地； day by day 日复一日地； year by year 年复一年地； one by one 一个一个地 bit by bit 一点一点地； drop by drop 一滴一滴地； house by house 挨家挨户地； step by step 一步一步地。 4. The moment I heard it，I knew it was a completely new kind of music. 我一听到它，我就知道这是一种全新的音乐。 the moment（that）表示“一就” ，用来引导时间状语从句。 “一就”句型归纳： （1） no soonerthan No sooner had he got to the station than the train started. 他一到达车站，火车就开走了。 I had no sooner seen him than I asked him about the matter. 我一见到他，就问及那件事情。 特别提示 no soonerthan 的语意同 hardlywhen，同 scarcely.when. 当 no sooner 在句首时，主句语序用倒装。 三个句型的时态主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 （2） as soon as As soon as the teacher entered the classroom the students stopped talking. 老师一进教室，学生们就停止讲话了。 注意as soon as 引导的从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。主句和从句多 数场合都是用一般过去时，有时候主句用一般将来时，从句用现在时表示将来时。 （3）on动名词 On arriving at the village，we were warmly welcomed by the villagers. 我们一到那个村子，就受到了村民们的热烈欢迎。 注意“on动名词”这一句型多用来表示时间的短促和动作的紧凑，这一介 词短语一般放在句首。动名词也可换用相应的名词，如上例可改成：On our arrival at the village。句中的谓语动词用一般过去时：on 后的动名词，一 般来自表示去向性动作的动词，如 arrive，reach，return，leave 等。 （4）at动名词 At seeing her mother，the girl burst into tears. 一见到母亲，那女孩就放声大哭起来。 注意“at动名词”和上述“on名词”多放在句首。 动名词也可换用相应的名词，如上例可改成：At the sight of her mother。句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。at 后的动名词，一般来自 see，hear 等表示视、听感觉的动词。 （5） immediately Immediately the discussion was finished，the meeting was over. 讨论一完毕，就会散了。 注意immediately 为副词，这里起连词作用，instantly 和 directly 也有同 样用法，且语义相同。 （6） the instant（that） The instant（that）she came back，she helped her brother with his homework. 她一回来，就帮助她的弟弟做作业。 注意the instant（that）起连词作用，后跟从句。与 the moment（that） 用法相同。 类似的可引导从句的名词还有： The second（that）句子（一就） The minute（that）句子（一就） 5. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided that kind of disco music for people who hated disco! 嘻哈乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了那样的迪斯科音乐! take advantage of 利用 take advantage of all educational opportunities. 利用一切教育机会 She advised him to take advantage of the opportunity. 她建议他利用这个机会。 travelers who take advantage of off-peak fares. 利用交通低峰（非高峰）时的低收费标准旅行的旅客 took advantage of the customer. 欺骗消费者 6. The style soon spread to other parts of the United States. 这种风格很快就传到了美国的其它地方。 spread to a place（指消息等）传到某个地方。又如： The news soon spread to other cities. 解释为“传播”时还可以与其他介词连用。如：spread across.，spread fromto.; spread through等。例如： In the 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India and many parts of Europe. The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. The illness spread through the village. 7. Songs that are spoken rather than songs are called rap. 歌曲是说唱的而不是敲打出来的。 rather than 而不，与其说倒不如说；宁愿不愿 该短语为从属连词，引导比较从句，而且这个从句经常是省 略的。其用法有： 从意义上看，表示主观愿望的选择，作“宁愿而不愿”解；表示客观 事实，作“是（前者）而不是（后者） ”解。 The housewives prefer to go out to work rather than while away the time at home. 家庭主妇们宁愿出去工作而不愿呆在家里消磨时光。 Her performance in work is good rather than bad. 她在工作中的表现是好，而不是坏。 从结构上看，rather than 作连词，连接两个平行的结构： 两个形容词、两个状语短语、两个名词、两个代词、两个动词 不定式或两个动名词等。 Our group would prefer to start off in August rather than in April. 我们小组宁愿在八月出发，而不愿在四月出发。 I decided to write to her rather than telephone her. 我决定写信给她，而不愿打电话。 He is a writer rather than a poem. 与其说他是位诗人，不如说他是位作家。 I had rather go than stay to be invited. 我宁愿离开这里，也不愿留下来接受邀请。 Reading and writing，Speaking 8. my thoughts dont stay in order. 我的思想会不再保持安分。 in order 按顺序，整齐；合乎程序的 该短语在句中通常作状语或表语。例如： Just give me five minutes to put the room in order。please. 请给我五分钟把房间弄整齐。 The sentences are in order now. 这些句子现在按顺序排列好了。 Is your passport in order? 你的护照办妥了没有? Itll be quite in order for you to speak now. 你现在可以讲话了。 注意in order 常构成下述常用的固定短语： in bad order 乱七八糟，失修；in good order 整整齐齐，运转 良好 in running order 运转正常；keepin order 使遵 守纪律，使保持井井有条；putin order 把整理 好；setin order 使整齐，修复。 9. The teacher told us that she would try out the theory 老师告诉我们她要试验一下这个理论 try out 试验，考验 该短语为动副短语，后接宾语，可用于被动语态。 You must try out the machine before you buy it. 在买这台机器之前，你必须先试用一下。 He enjoys trying out new ways of doing things. 他喜欢尝试新途径做事。 The drug has not been tried out on humans yet. 这种药尚未经人体试验。 【模拟试题】 单项填空 1. _. Could you spare me some time? Id like to help, but I dont think I can. I dont know much about grammar myself. A. Im really worried about my grammar exam tomorrow B. Well take our grammar exam tomorrow C. Im busy preparing for my lessons D. Id like you to go to the cinema with me tonight 2. Its reported that we have produced _ this year as we did last year. A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cotton C. twice as much cottonD. much as cotton twice 3. To understand _ wars are still going on when almost everyone wants to have peace, we must look into the nature of war. A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where 4. Do you still remember when we went to the Great Wall? I cant remember it well, but _ sometime last August? A. might it beB. must it have been C. could it have beenD. could it be 5. Parents are advised to take pressure _ a child and give him some encouragement before an exam. A. offB. outC. awayD. over 6. I _ to help you but I was not able to spare any time. I _ a paper last night and Ill have to finish it today. A. wanted; have been writingB. have wanted; wrote C. had wanted; wroteD. had wanted; was writing 7. The wrong youve done her is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to her, I think. A. thisB. whichC. whatD. that 8. We must keep our room clean. Dirt and disease go _, you know. A. from time to timeB. hand in hand C. step by stepD. one after another 9. Did your boss phone you again the next day? No. It was a fortnight _ he gave me a second call. A. thatB. whenC. beforeD. since 10. The truck ran down the hill, and the driver _, according to the local newspaper, to have been killed. A. was reportedB. was reportingC. reportedD. had been reported 11. How long has Jane _ Bentley? I dont know, and I even didnt know they had got married. A. got to knowB. fallen in love with C. got married toD. been married to 12. Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, the Guinness Book of World Record _ interesting reading. A. makes upB. makes out C. makes forD. makes from 13. The fact _ some extreme sports have no clear rules about winning or losing _ stop enthusiastic young people from enjoying them. A. that; does notB. whether; do not C. which; does notD. that; seldom 14. The foreign ruler willingly offered presents to the Chinese emperor. _, Zheng He _ the ruler with many gifts. A. In return; gaveB. In turn; offered C. In turn; presentedD. In return; presented 15. “The third pole” mentioned in the text of Unit 2 of Book 3 means _. A. the moonB. Mount Qomolangma C. the North PoleD. the South Pole 完形填空 When I opened my email the other day, a pretty woman named Rachel appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking with great enthusiasm (热情). _ 16 _ now and then she stopped to smile at me or _ 17 _ a kiss. She was a mean email form from my brother, and much of it was about his getting the phone company to give him a high speed Internet _ 18 _. It was pretty cool. Rachel was there _ 19 _ to a new technology called _ 20 _. Face mail lets you send email that gets ready to the receiver by an attractive male or female form or by a clown (小丑). The _ 21 _. Which is free, can be downloaded at www. Facemail. com. Face mail faces are lifelike, and they simulate (模拟) feelings _ 22 _ on the feelings that you put in your text. For example, type in X, and _ 23 _ blows a kiss. The company that _ 24 _ the Face mail is sure there are broad business uses. The reason e-business is not _ 25 _, the company says, is that buying over the Internet lacks the human _ 26 _. But what if you go to the Nike website and Michael Jordan greets you by name, _ 27 _ on you and _ 28 _ closes the sale? And it is talking with Whirlpool (惠而浦公 司) about using the _ 29 _ in a company screen on a fridge. Then if Mom cant be home when the kids get back from school, she can leave a _ 30 _ with a voice and _ 31 _ telling them what there is to _ 32 _. Facemail could get _ 33 _ fast. Personally, Im a fan. But Facemail should be used with _ 34 _. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you select the clown, put a few _ 55 _ words in an email and add some angry feelings, youll get a psycho mail (疯人型电子 邮件). 16.A. Every B. Little C. But D. Each 17. A. give B. fly C. blow D. offer 18. A. concentration B. connection C. conclusion D. combination 19. A. bringing B. leading C. owe D. thanks 20. A. Hotmail B. Face mail C. Email D. postmark 21. A. hardware B. program C. method D. software 22.A. depended B. decided C. determined D. based 23. A. Rachel B. she C. he D. Michael 24. A. discovered B. invented C. developed D. started 25. A. popular B. interesting C. fun D. in fashion 26.A. appearance B. touch C. smell D. sight 27.A. serves B. sees to C waits D. attends to 28.A. individually B. patiently C. gently D. personally 29.A. skill B, technology C. invention D. discovery 30.A. note B. letter C. line D. notice 31.A. image B. sound C. shadow. D. reflection 32.A. have B. take C. enjoy D. eat 33.A. turned down B. cold C. hot D. received 34.A. effort B. love C. affection D. care 35.A. polite B. rude C. proper D. ordinary 阅读理解 （A） Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was a very old-time store with little round tables and chairs. As I entered, I found a very old woman bent over a table near the door. Her back was so badly twisted (弯曲) by some misfortune that her face nearly touched the tabletop. I sat down facing her a couple of tables away. “Poor woman,” I thought. “What does she get out of life? Why does God let people live so long past their prime?” As I thought, another aged lady entered the shop and sat down with her. Soon the two of them were talking about childhood days. They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years.In minutes, the two of them were shaking with laughter. I looke