高三英语新课：Unit 3（I）—The Portrait of a Nation人教版知识精讲

高三英语新课：高三英语新课：UnitUnit 3 3（I I）TheThe PortraitPortrait ofof a a NationNation 人教版人教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 高三新课：Unit 3（I）The Portrait of a Nation 二. 知识总结与归纳： 1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories. 现代澳大利亚是由六个州和两个大区组成的。 be made up of：由组成。 （相当于：consist of）其主动形式是：make up The committee is made up of / consists of eleven members. A star and nine planets make up the solar system. make up 的其他意义：弥补；补偿；编造；化妆；和解。 Saying that you are sorry wont make up for the damage done. That story which John had told was not true, he made it all up. Its time you made up with him. She made up herself quickly before starting for the party. 2. Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories. 六个角代表六个州第七个角代表所有的区。 represent：代表；象征；说明；阐释 而 stands for：代表（不用被动语态） ； 主张；忍受（用于否定句） The competition attracted over 100 contestants representing 10 different schools. A dove represents peace. The red lines on the map stands for / represents railways. The Queen was represented at the funeral by the British ambassador. Such excuses represent nothing to us at all. They stood for equality between sexes. I wont stand for your hearing any more of your complaints . 3. The peoples came to the continent at least fifty thousand years ago and created complex societies. Their culture was highly developed. 这些人至少在五万年以前就来到了这块陆地，而且创造了复杂的社会群体。他 们的文化得到了高度的发展。 peoples：民族；种族；The Chinese are a hard-working people. The peoples of African people：人们；人民。是集合名词（本身就是复数形式） ；当“人民”讲前面 加“the” 。 People from all over the world will gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2020 Olympic Games in 2020. highly：高度地。think / say / sing highly of. 4. Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians. 有些澳大利亚的土著居民仍然过者与他们的祖先相类似的生活，而另外一些人 则像其他澳大利亚同胞一样住在城镇和农村。 similar：相似的；短语：be similar to.：与相似；而：the same as：与相同。 while：表示转折，而；但是。 fellow： （1）同类；同伴；（2）男人；会员；研究员 the fellow students / travelers Its nice to meet a fellow jazz fan. How are you old fellow ? Shes a fellow of Peking University. 5. In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for British Crown. 1770 年 James Cook 船长宣称这个大陆的东海岸属于大不列颠王国。 claim：宣称；声称；认领，要求得到 An underground organization has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion. Lost property can be claimed between 10a.m and 4 p.m. Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident ? He made a claim for higher pay.（claim 在此是名词词性） 6. The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems. 新来的这批人改变了这里的土地管理方式，引进了新的植物和动物，这些动植 物破坏了澳大利亚的生态系统。 be harmful to= do sb. harm：对有害 Smoking is harmful to your health. Smoking does your health harm. 7. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered. Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved and had their land taken away from them. 结果原来的澳大利亚人吃尽了苦头。许多土著居民和岛民被迫迁走，他们的土 地被剥夺了。 as a consequence= as a result / in consequence. 结果，因此 The tsunami hit the coastline around the Indian Ocean. As a consequence, thousands of people died and more became homeless. as a consequence of .= as a result of / because of：由于 The number of people who are suffering and dying as a consequence of cigarette smoking is increasing. take / bear the consequence of. ：后果自负 You made the wrong decision, and you must take he consequence. had their land taken away from them：have sth. done 结构。 8. The First World War had a strong influence on Australia. 第一次世界大战对澳大利亚的影响很大。 have a strong influence on.：对很大。 Literature and art have a great influence on peoples ideology. Under the influence of her mother, she chose to be a nurse. His father is an influence in politics.（influence：可数名词：有影响 的人） 9. The economy grew and Australia benefited from immigration. 经济发展了，澳大利亚得益于其移民政策。 benefit from：得益于 I benefited greatly from my maths teachers help. Its an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run. 10. English is the official languages of Australia. Australian English differs I pronunciation from British and American English, and some of the vocabulary used “down under” is quite different from what you may have learnt in your English class. 英语是澳大利亚的官方语言。澳洲英语在发音上不同于英国英语和美国英语。 在澳大利亚所用的某些词汇不同于你在课堂上所学的词汇。 differ：与不同。接介词：from / with / about / on / in His age differs by two years from hers. He differed with his brother about the question. These wall papers differ in patterns but not in kind. 【典型例题】 一. 单项选择： 1. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _. A. make upB. make up forC. come up withD. put up with 答案：B 分析：这些财富的毁灭对人类是无法用金钱来弥补的。make up for对 的弥补。 2. In only ten years, this once small company has been _ into a large multi-national company. A. transformedB. transportedC. transferred D. transplanted 答案：A 分析：仅仅 10 年这个曾经的小公司已经转变为一个跨国公司了。transform： 转换，transport：运输； transfer：传输；transplant：移植。 3. The company _ that their product makes you thin without dieting, which I doubt. A. tellsB. declaresC. claimsD. shouts. 答案：C 分析：这家公司声称他们的产品不用节食就能使你变瘦，对此我表示怀疑。 claim：宣称。 4. She was over the age limit, _, her application was rejected . A. as result ofB. as a matter of C. as a consequenceD. as a consequence of 答案：C 分析：她超过了年龄限制，结果她的申请被拒绝了。A，D 表示：由 于；B：事实上。 5. She _ her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. A. likeB. seemsC. looks aroundD. resembles 答案：D 分析：她在讲话时举手投足的动作很像她的母亲。resemble：类似于，与 类似。A 项是介词；B 项是系动词后面接形容词。 6. The shirt is _ what I saw in the shop. A. similar asB. the same likeC. similar likeD. the same as 答案：D 分析：the same as：与一样；A 项应当是：be similar to：与相 似。 二. 翻译句子： 1. 对不起，在这一点上，我与你的看法不同。 （differ） 2. 他声称他从未作过这件事，但没有人相信他。 （claim) 3. 教育需要更加多元化和更大的选择。 （diversity） 4. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 （be harmful to） 5. 不断增长的油价对我们的生活有着很大的影响。 （have a strong influence on） 6. 他长期超时工作，结果累坏了身体。 （as a consequence） 答案： 1. Im sorry to differ with you of this point. 2. He claimed that he hadnt done that. But nobody believed him. 3. There is a need for greater diversity and more choice in education. 4. Its harmful to your eyes to read in the sun. 5. The increasing price of oil has a strong influence on our life. 6. He worked overtime for a long time, as a consequence, he broke down. 【模拟试题】 一. 单项选择： 1. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _jokes. A. turning upB. putting upC. making upD. showing up 2. People in New York _ that their city is the most vital city in the world. A. announceB. claimC. stateD. pronounce 3. The two birds, _ each other in shape and color. In other words, they _ each other in shape and color. A. differ; are different fromB. differ from; are different to C. resemble ; are similar toD. resemble; are similar with 4. A steam-engine _ heat into energy. A. transformsB . makesC. translateD. transports 5. He claimed _ in the street last night on the way home. A. robbingB. being robbed C. to be robbedD. to have been robbed 6. _ I accept that he isnt perfect, I do actually like the person. A. WhileB. SinceC. BeforeD. Unless 7. _ on the small island, the tower has been seriously damaged by the sea water. A. Being lainB. LainC. Being locatedD. Located 8. With this kind of technology, those dangerous or poisonous waste can be _ valuable materials. A. divided intoB. separated fromC. transformed intoD. benefited from 9. On the American flag, there are altogether fifty stars and each star _ one state. A. presentsB. expressesC. represents D. replaces 10. Many years later, the father returned from the army and found that his son was no longer _ he used to be. A. whatB. howC. whenD. whom 二. 完型填空： It was raining. I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls 3 their souls belonged to the 4 . I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 5 in front of it. “ Im Steve, ” he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “ I cant talk with you. Im 6 ,” he said. He was chatting online and, 7 , he was playing a computer game a war game. I was 8 . Why didnt Steve want to talk with me? I tried 9 to speak to that computer geek（怪人）, 10 not a word came out of his mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction（反应）. I was 11 . I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout “ 12 ! ” I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the cafe were looking at me. I 13 , and saw nobody showed any interest. 14 , I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more 15 having a relationship with the 16 , particularly Steve. I wouldnt want to 17 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 18 with people. I was worried and sank in my thoughts. I didnt even 19 that the coffee was bad, 20 Steve didnt notice there was a person next to him. 1. A. Before B. Since C. Although D. While 2. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear 3. A. because B. when C. until D. unless 4. A. home B. world C. Net D. Cafe 5. A. sleeping B. laughing C. sitting D. learning 6. A. busy B. thirsty C. tired D. sick 7. A. first of all B. just thenC. at the same time D. by that time 8. A. surprised B. delighted C. moved D. frightened 9. A. once B. again C. first D. even 10. A. but B. so C. if D. or 11. A. excited B. respected C. afraid D. unhappy 12. A. Shut up B. Enjoy yourselfC. Leave me alone D. Help me out 13. A. walked aboutB. walked outC. raised my hand D. raised my head 14. A. From then on B. At that momentC. In all D. Above all 15. A. interested in B. tired ofC. careful about D. troubled by 16. A. computer B. soul C. shop D. geek 17. A. tell B. plan C. imagine D. design 18. A. other thanB. instead of C. except for D. as well as 19. A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize 20. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though 三. 阅读理解： Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenagers intended major, one located near a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe. “ The safety issue is a big one ,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasnt alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: What about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer “Thats not a problem here. ” Mahoney began to feel uneasy. “ No crime whatsoever. ” comments Mahoney today. “ I just dont buy it. ” Nor should he: in 1999 the U. S. Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “ Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college, ” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “ Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation. ” But getting accurate information isnt easy. Colleges must report crime statistics（统计数字）by law ,but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous. “ The truth may not always be obvious, ” warns S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc., the nations leading campus safety watchdog group. To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions. 1. The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August _. A. to express the opinions of many parents B. to choose a right one for their daughter C. to check the cost of college education D. to find a right one near a large city 2. It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges _. A. receive too many visitors B. mirror the rest of the nation C. hide the truth of campus crime D. have too many watchdog groups 3. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means . A. mind B. admitC. believe D. expect 4. We learn from the text that “ the honest ones ” in the fourth paragraph most probably refers to colleges . A. that are protected by campus security B. that report campus crimes by law C. that are free from campus crime D. that enjoy very good publicity 5. What is the text mainly about ? A. Exact campus crime statistics. B. Crimes on or around campuses. C. Effective solutions to campus crime. D. Concerns about kids campus safety. 四. 短文改错： Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. _ the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 2. _ long ago ,many adults and children called their friends together 3. _ to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. _ like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words,5. _ they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people 6. _ playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities 7. _ for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. _ Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American 9. _ big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.10. _ 试题答案 一. 单项选择： 1. C 村里的每个人都喜欢杰克因为他特擅长讲笑话和编笑话。make up：编 造，虚构。 2. B 纽约人声称纽约是世界上最重要的城市。Announce：正式宣布； state：陈述；pronounce：发音。 3. C 两只的鸟形状和颜色上相似。resemble =be similar to：与相 似。 4. A 蒸汽机把热转化为能量。transforminto.：把转化为 5. D 他声称昨晚回家时在路上被劫了。claim 后面接不定式，根据语境不定式 为完成被动式，表示：已经被劫了。 6. A 虽然我认为他不是个完美的人，但我实际上还是很喜欢他。While：尽 管。 7. D 坐落在这个小岛上，这座塔受到海水严重侵蚀。Located（坐落 在）做状语。 8. C 有了这种技术，那些危险品或有毒废料就能被转化为有价值的材料。 divided into：被分成部分； separated from：与分离； transformed into：被转化为；benefited from：受益于 9. C 美国国旗上共有 50 颗星，每颗星代表一个洲。presents：提交，呈现； expresses：表达；represents：代表；replaces：代替 10. A多年以后，父亲退伍回来发现他的儿子不再是以前的样子了。What he used to be： 他以前的样子。 二. 完型填空： 本文叙述了作者在一家咖啡馆的经历和感受。 1. D 句意：当我在等饮料的时候，我意识到还有别人在那，但我感到很孤 独。根据句意，A：在以前，B：从时候，C：虽然，尽管，意思不一致。 2. B 抓关键词 but。前面提到有别人在，按理说应该不孤独，这里用“孤独” 与前面的“有人在”形成转折。而“疼痛，悲哀，害怕”不能形成转折。 3. A 用原因状语从句表明“I couldnt feel their souls”的