高三英语第一轮复习：情态动词人教版

高三英语第一轮复习：情态动词高三英语第一轮复习：情态动词人教版人教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 情态动词 1. 对过去或现在事实的推测 2. 表示“本来”或“早就” 3. 特殊用法 （一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。 Can, could, might, may, must 可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对 事实的把握性大小，must 表示“肯定” ，may / might / can / could 表示 “可能” ，must 只用于肯定句中，may / might 的否定式 may not / might not 表示 “可能不” ，而 can/could 可以用于疑问句，表示“可能” “可 能吗？” ，其否定式 cant / couldnt 表示 “不可能” 。 （二）对现在的事实进行推测： 主要结构：must / may / might +动词原形 be+名词/形容词/介词短语 be + doing 例句： 1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night. 3. The teacher must be joking. 4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick. 5. There must be something wrong. 6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense. 7. He may be arriving this evening. 8. He may be traveling around the world. 9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully. 10. Can the news be true ? （三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/ 介词短语 例句： 1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth. 2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad. 3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library. 4. He could have overslept again. 5. Where can Tom have gone ? （四）表达“本来” ， “不然早就” 。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。 表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结 构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构： should have done / ought to have done：本应该 shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不该 could have done：本来可以 neednt have done：本来没必要 would like to have done：本来很想 would rather not have done：本来不愿意 could / might / have done：不然早就 例句： 1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes. 2. You could have told us earlier. 3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week. 4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels. 5. We need not have been in a hurry to catch the train. 6. They would like to have seen that film last week. 7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him. 8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time. （五）情态动词的特殊用法： should 表示推测：对未来的估计，按理说应该；表示说话人的惊讶：竟然 例句： 1. Its seven oclock now. He should be at home at any time. 2. I never thought such a gentleman should be so rude to a lady. will 和 would A. 表示“意志”或“愿意” ，would 则指过去愿意做 例句： 1. He said that he would help us. 2. You may telephone if you will accept this job. B. would 可以表达“过去习惯做”类似于“used to do” 例句： 1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river. shall A. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求” ；“建议” 或“推荐” 例句： 1. Shall we start the meeting now? 2. Shall I watch TV now ? 3. Shall my son carry the case for you ? B. 用于第二人称，表示“命令， “要求” ， “许诺” 例句： 1. You shall take whatever you like. 2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again. 解题思路： 情态动词表示推测是高考的热点试题，在单选和完型均有涉及。完成这样的题 一定要注意题目中的特定语境。根据句子的语境弄清句子表达的时间范围。 同时根据句子语境注意与虚拟语气的用法结合。 【典型例题】 1. Do you think he will do me a favor ? As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _ be prepared to give you a hand, though. A. mightB. mustC. canD. should 答案：A 分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据 he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人） ，既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就 最小了。 2. Look, someone is coming. Guess who it _ be ? I think it _ be Tom. I dont think it _ be _ . A. can; must; can; heB. may; can; must; him C. must; can; must; hisD. might; must; can; himself 答案：A 分析：根据备选答案。 Can 表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就 应该是 Guess who can it be?。第二句应该是 I think it must be Tom.（说话人 十分肯定） 。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I dont think it can be him/he.（不可能是他） 。 3. There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there. Really. It _ be a fire, most probably. A. canB. ought toC. have toD. must 答案：B 分析：本题关键词语是 most probably，说明极有可能发生火灾。Must 表示 “肯定”与 most probably 不相符。而 ought to 表示推测，意思是：非常可能。 与 most probably 一致。 4. Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ? Sure. She _ around the campus now. A. must be walkingB. must walk C. may walkD. may be walking 答案：A 分析：关键词 Sure 告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻 肯定正在校园散步呢。Must be doing 表示肯定正在做。 5. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again. A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will 答案：A 分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟有睡了。Might have done 表示对过去的推测：可能已经 6. I stayed at a hotel in New York. Oh, did you ? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayedB. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 答案：A 分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此 a hotel 是泛指。所以 D 选项 不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和 Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done 表 示：本来可以。 7. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow. A. neednt have drivenB. cant have driven C. mustnt have drivenD. shouldnt have driven 答案：A 分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车 跑这么多路。 Neednt have done 表示本来没必要。 8. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave 答案：B 分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。 “离 开家”已经发生了。Should have done 正好表达了本句的意思。 9. You _ be tiredYouve only been working for an hour. A. must notB. wontC. cantD. may not 答案：C 分析：根据后半句 Youve only been working for an hour.（你才刚干了 一个小时）说明 You _ be tired（你不可能很累） ，cant 表示“不可能” 10. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrivedB. should arrive C. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving 答案：A 分析：根据句意：White 先生本应该在 8:30 到这里出席会议的，可他（在 8:30）没有到场。Should have done 表示：本应该。 11. A: I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday. B: will it be a big surprise to her ? A. shouldB. mustC. wouldD. shall 答案：D 分析：A 说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall 表示许 诺。 12. A: Are you coming to Jeffs party ? B: Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might 答案：D 分析：根据 B 的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might 表示推测： 可能。 【模拟试题】 一. 单项选择： 1. I havent seen Mr. White for weeks. What _ to him ? A. must have happenedB. may have happened C. can have happenedD. may happen 2. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. You _ mine. I wasnt using it. A. might borrowB. could have borrowed C. can have borrowedD. ought to borrow 3. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages. A. mustnt beB. couldnt have been C. may not have beenD. mustnt have been 4. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he _ in the final exam. A. mustnt failB. couldnt have failed C. ought not to failD. mustnt have failed 5. She _ the hospital so soon, for he has not recovered. A. wouldnt have leftB. shouldnt have left C. mustnt have leftD. didnt have to leave 6. We took a taxi and arrived at the station an hour earlier. You _ it. Time was enough for you to go there by bus. A. neednt takeB. didnt need take C. neednt have takenD. mustnt have taken 7. You _ me up so early. I dont had to go to work today. A. didnt wakeB. neednt to wake C. neednt have wokenD. cant have woken 8. Bob _ hard, otherwise he _ in his exam. A. cant have worked; wouldnt have failed B. cant work; wouldnt have failed C. mustnt have worked; wouldnt fail D. mustnt work; would fail 9. Its nearly seven oclock, Jack _ be at here at any moment. A. must B. needC. shouldD. can 10. A: Is John coming by train ? B: He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. mustB. canC. needD. may 二. 完型填空： Scientists now believe the earths magnetic poles（地磁极）have changed many times. One 1_ change may have taken place about 330,000 BC. This 2 is about when modem man first 3 on the earth. Many 4 now believe the magnetism（磁力现象）of the earth may have a 5 influence（影响）on life itself. In the 6 past many kinds of animals and plants died out suddenly, 7 the North and South magnetic poles changed 8 . Animals, birds and 9 people are to some degree controlled by magnetic forces When there is a 10 increase in magnetic strength; many animals have 11 in finding their way. Mice, 12 near a strong magnet, lose their hair and die 13 . And when the earths magnetism suddenly decreases, the 14 of men or women who kill themselves increases. How 15 does the earths magnetism 16 our lives? We cannot know for 17 . We do know this magnetism is getting weaker and we know that in 2,500 years the magnetic poles may change position 18 . And we know when 19 .happened in the past there were enormous 20 in life on Earth. 1. A, similarB. suchC. probableD. certain 2. A. yearB. century C. date D. moment 3. A. appearedB. came C. producedD. made 4. A. peopleB. scientistsC. expertsD. specialists 5. A. surprisingB. poorC. completeD. strong 6. A. far B. distant C. longD. deep 7. A. when B. if C. before D. after 8. A. place B. direction C. position D. use 9. A. also B. too C. some D. even 10. A. slow B. weak C. quick D. sudden 11. A. interest B. difficulty C. pride D. problem 12. A. lain B. placed C. come D. stayed 13. A. early B. late C. much D. quietly 14. A. ease B. fact C. number D. chance 15. A. long B. much C. old D. weakly 16. A. make B. cause C. connect D. control 17. A. certain B. clear C. free D. ever 18. A. too B. instead C. again D. often 19. A. those B. this C. that D. these 20. A. influences B. effects C. movements D. changes 三. 阅读理解： Letter to Editor of TV Weekly Dear Sir/Madam, I read Alison Burnhams review of When we were 12, and I do not agree with her. I thought the programme was wonderfulI found the old news pictures really interestingthey helped to bring to life the stories the people were telling. The programme reminds me of many things from my own childhood. For example, one day when I was about five, I was going to school on the bus by myself（this was the late 1960s）. My mother had given me exactly the right money for a return ticket. I held out my hand with the money in itone big coin on top of one little coin. The bus conductor took the big top coin only and she gave me a ticket, but it was a pink one for a single journey. I needed a white one for a return journey, but I was too frightened to say anything. When school finished for the day, I couldnt catch the bus homeI had to walk. As a grown-up, whenever Ive been in a situation Where I need to say something or take some action, this early memory of my bus ride comes back to me, and Im able to take control of the situation. I would like to say to the director, Bret Chrysler, carry on making this kind of programme. Too much TV these days is quiz shows and so- called “reality programmes”. I appreciate the human story that can make me laugh and cry. Yours faithfully, Chris Daniels 1. Whet is Chris Daniels purpose of writing this letter? A. To persuade Bret Chrysler to turn away from quiz shows. B. To entertain other readers with old news pictures. C. To express his appreciation of the programme, D. To have his story told on the programme, 2. Chris Daniels tells the story about the bus ticket to _. A. describe how painful his early experience was B. draw a direct response from Alison Burnham C. show how the programme made him think D. teach the readers of TV Weekly a lesson 3. According to the passage, Chris Daniels had to walk because _. A. he hadnt got a return ticket B. he had lost his bus ticket C. he didnt like big crowds D. he missed the bus home 4. What does Chris Daniels now think about his experience on the bus? A. He should have told the conductor then. B. He should have been .cell treated. C. He regrets going to school alone. D. He wishes it hadnt happened. 四. 短文改错： At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have 1. _ a short conversation with you and then go on to talking 2. _ to other people! Dont think they dislike you or they 3. _ are impolite. It has the custom at many parties 4. _ in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather 5. _ than sitting down. Here are two ways of finishing conversation 6. _ at a party. Excuse me. I think Ill go and get another drinking. 7. _ See you later, perhaps? Oh. Excuse me. Ive just seen 8. _ Mary Jennings over here. Ive got to discuss a meeting we 9. _ are been having on Thursday. Would you excuse me for a moment? 10. _ 【试题答案】 一. 单项选择 1. C 上文说有几个星期没见到 Mr. White, 下文问他出了什么事? 是对过去的推测， 在疑问句中用 can 2. B 针对上文说的“车坏了没有去上班” ，应答部分说“你本来可以用我的。 ” could have done：本来可以（能）做某事。 3. B 那不可能是她的丈夫，因为他去世有好几年了。对过去的事情进行推测， “当 时不可能”：couldnt / cant have done 4. B 他不可能考试不及格。对过去事实推测。 5. B 他本来不应该这么快出院，因为他还没有恢复好。本不该：should have done 6. C 你们本来没必要坐出租车，你们坐公交车到那时间足够。本来没必要： neednt have done 7. C 考查点同上。 8. A 前半句说 Bob 当时不可能努力学习，cant have done; 后半句是与过去事实 相反的虚拟语气表达：不然他就不至于考试不及格了。 9. C 快 7 点了，Jack 应该快到了。should 在此表示“应该”是对未来的一