2020年高考英语试题分类阅读理解及详解（社会类） 人教版

第1题(2020年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（全国）)BSome people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability(能力) . They feel hopeless about it. Can you learn to read better or must you agree that nothing can be done about it?To be sure, people are different. You cannot to do everything as well as certain other people do. It al the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. Some seem to enjoy reading and to read well without any special help. Others find reading a slow and tiring job. In between, there are all degrees of reading ability.Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability. In these experiments, the poor readers were given tests of reading ability After some of the causes of their poor reading were discovered, they were given special instruction and practice in reading. After a few months, another test of the same kind was given. In nearly all cases, these people had raised their reading scores.46. With the example of basketball players, the author shows_.A. why certain people are poor readersB. that there are differences in peoples abilitiesC. why some people are good basketball playersD. that good basketball players can be good readers47.To improve their reading ability, people should _.A. work long and hard B. take different forms of testsC. have special help and practice D. try different reading materials48. The experiments mentioned in the text show that _.A. good readers seem to enjoy readingB. almost all poor readers can make progressC. causes of poor reading are difficult to find outD. tests help people improve their reading ability答案46. B解析:这是一道归纳题。通过学习打篮球的例子(有人打得好,有人差,有人中等)说明人在某方面的能力是有差异的。47. C解析:这是一道细节判断题。根据第三段“After some of the causes of their poor reading were discovered,they were given special instruction and practice in reading.”可以判断出如果给予特别的指导和练习,阅读水平可以得到提高。48. B解析:这是一道推断题。根据第三段“In nearly all cases,these people had raised their reading scores.”可以推断出几乎所有阅读能力差的人都可以得到提高。第2题(2020年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（全国）)DIt is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors cant fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something. to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys blood back to the monkeys brains. When the brains temperature was 10, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.53. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _.A. the time is too short for doctors B. the patients are often too nervousC. the damage is extremely hard to fix D. the blood-cooling machine might break down54. The brain operation was made possible mainly by _.A. taking the blood out of the brain B. trying the operation on monkeys firstC. having the blood go through a machine D. lowering the brains temperature55. With Dr. Whites new idea, the operation on the damaged brain _.A. can last as long as 30 minutes B. can keep the brains blood warmC. can keep the patients brain healthy D. can help monkeys do different jobs56. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?.a. send the cooled back to the brain b. stop the blood to the brainc. have the blood cooled down d. operate on the brainA. a, b, c, d B. c, a, b, d C. c, b, d, a D. b, c, d, a答案53. A解析:这是一道推断题。根据第一段“Without enough blood,the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors cant fix the damage.”可知大脑损伤手术的最大难度在于大脑缺血后生存的时间只有3&5分钟,没有足够手术时间。54. D解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold,the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes.”可以推断出通过降低大脑温度可以延长大脑存活时间,使得手术成为可能。55.A解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold,the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes.”可以推断出大脑损伤手术时间可以延长到30分钟。56. B解析:这是一道排序题。根据最后一段Dr. White利用猴子做试验的顺序,应该是先把血液降温,然后把降温后的血液输入大脑,然后切断大脑血液做手术。第3题(2020年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（全国）)EMost people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of. music is made. Where a composer (作曲家) begins, how he manages to keep going- in fact, how and when he learns his trade - all are covered in complete darkness. The composer, in short, is a man of mystery (神秘).One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration (灵感) plays in a composers work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question. Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all. Music is something that the composer happens to have been born for.The composer, therefore, does not say to himself: “Do I feel inspired?” He says to himself.“Do I feel like working today?” And if he feels like working, he does. It is more or less like saying to himself: “Do I feel sleepy？”if you feel sleepy .you go to sleep. If you dont feel sleepy you stay up. If the composer doesnt feel like working, he doesnt work. Its as simple as that.57. What would be the best title for the text?.A. Composer: a man of mystery B. Practice makes good musicC. Relation between sleeping and music D. Music: product of nature58. The words “covered in complete darkness” underlined in Paragraph 1 most probably mean _.A. difficult to be made B. without any lightC. black in color D. not known59. Most people seem to think that a composer _.A. finds it difficult to write music B. considers it important to have a good restC. should like to talk about inspiration D. never asks himself very simple questions60. The author will most probably agree that composers _.A. are born with a gift for music B. are people full of mysteryC. work late at night for their music D. know a lot about eating and sleeping答案57. A解析:这是一道主旨题。文章主要介绍了作曲家给人的神秘感和他们工作的方式。B选项不对因为文中指出有时候好音乐来自灵感,C选项不对是因为文章引用作曲和睡觉的关系是作为例子说明作曲家的工作方式,D选项文中没有提到。58. D解析:这是一道推理题。根据第一段“The composer,in short,is a man of mystery.”可以推断出作曲家从哪里开始,怎么发展,他怎么学习的这门手艺,都不为人知,所以才会神秘,可以推断出“covered in complete darkness” 是不为人知的意思。59. C解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration plays in a composers work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question.”可知大众不能理解作曲家并不关心灵感在作曲工作中的作用,可以推断出大众认为作曲家应该比较关注灵感。60.A解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段可知作曲家对于工作就像人对于睡眠一样(是一种本能),也就是说他们对于作曲有一种天赋。第4题(2020年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（北京卷）)AEXERCISE IN EXACTLY 4 MINUTES PER DAY!$14,615TIME IS IT. Over 92% of people who own exercise equipment and 88% of people who own health club memberships do not exercise. A 4-minute complete workout is no longer hard to believe for all the people who have bought our excellent Range of Motion machine （ROM） since 1990. Over 97% of people who rent our ROM for 30 days end up buying it, due to the health benefits experienced during that tryout and the ROM performance score that tells the story of health and fitness improvement. At under 20 cents per use, the 4-minute ROM exercise is the least expensive full body complete exercise a person can do. How do we know that it is under 20 cents per use? Over 90% of ROM machines go to private homes, but we have a few that are in commercial use for 12 years and they have endured over 80,000 uses each, without need of repair. The ROM 4-minute workout is for people from 10 to over 100 years old and highly trained athletes as well. The ROM balances blood sugar, and repairs bad backs and shoulders. Too good to be true? Get our free video and see for yourself. The best proof for us is that 97% of rentals become sales. Please visit our website at www. or call（800）123-6460.Factory Showroom: ROMFAB, 823 Main Street, Baton Rouge, LA 70893Fax:（800）123-6461 Email: 56. What is ROM?A. A piece of exercise equipment. B. A club membership card.C. A commercial health club. D. An electric wheelchair.57. How many people bought ROM after trying it out?A. 92%. B. 88%. C. 97%. D. 90%.58. One selling point of ROM is that_ .A. it makes full body exercise possible in 4 minutesB. it can kill back and shoulder pains in 10 minutesC. it needs no repair in the first 20 yearsD. it is sold on a 3-month trial basis59. The advertisement is made believable by_ .A. telling storiesB. using figuresC. making comparisons D. asking questions答案56. A解析:这是一道细节推断题。根据本文“Over 90% of ROM machines go to private homes.”可知ROM首先是个机器,而不是健身卡或者俱乐部,另外根据“The ROM balances blood sugar,and repairs bad backs and shoulders.”可知ROM可以平衡血糖,恢复损坏的背部和肩膀,可以推断出ROM是个健身器械。57. C解析:这是一道细节推断题。根据第四句“Over 97% of people who rent our ROM for 30 days end up buying it”,可知有97租用了30天的人都买了这个机器。58. A解析:这是一道细节推断题。根据第三句“A 4-minute complete workout is no longer hard to believe for all the people who have bought our excellent Range of Motion machine(ROM) since 1990”可知ROM使得4分钟就可以完成全身锻炼变得可能,这是它的卖点之一。59. B解析:这是一道分析归纳题。文章使用了大量数字介绍ROM的功能和优势。例如97租用的人都购买了,90的购买者是私人用户,但是商业用户使用了12年都不用修理等等,所以这个广告使用数字使人信服。第5题(2020年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（北京卷）)DThe Best of FriendsThe evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly-held image （形象）of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how positive todays young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “Theyre expected to be rebellious（叛逆的）and selfish .but actually they have other things on their minds: they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. Theres more negotiation（商议）and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They dont want to rock the boat.”So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me, says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when Im going out clubbing. As long as they know what Im doing, theyre fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as Id done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”67. What is the popular image of teenagers today?A. They worry about school.B. They dislike living with their parents.C, They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.D. They quarrel a lot with other family members.68. The study shows that teenagers dont want to_ .A. share family responsibilityB. cause trouble in their familiesC. go boating with their familyD. make family decisions69. Compared with parents of 30 years ago, todays parents_ .A. go to clubs more often with their childrenB. are much stricter with their childrenC. care less about their childrens lifeD. give their children more freedom70. According to the author, teenage rebellion_ .A. may be a false beliefB. is common nowadaysC. existed only in the 1960sD. resulted from changes in families71. What is the passage mainly about?A. Negotiation in family.B. Education in family.C. Harmony in family.D. Teenage trouble in family.答案67. D解析:这是一道细节判断题。根据第一段“which is the opposite of the popularly-held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.”可知(青少年)流行的形象是和父母无休止争吵完后把自己锁在屋子里,所以给人的印象是常常和其他家庭成员争吵。68. B解析:这是一道细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“They dont want to rock the boat.”可知孩子们不想制造麻烦。“rock the boat”是捣乱、制造麻烦的意思。69. D解析:这是一道细节判断题。根据第三段第一句“So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends.”和Susan Crome的描述“Looking back on the last 10 years,there was a lot of what you could call negotiation.”可知这一代的父母比起30年前上一代的父母更善于把孩子当成朋友看待,Susan说有很多事情都可以和她父母商量。也就是说这一代父母给孩子更多自由。70. A解析:这是一道归纳题。根据最后一段第二句“It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts.”作者认为青少年的反叛的观念并不一定来源于事实,所以青少年反叛的观点不一定正确。71. C解析:这是一道主旨题。本文主要结束了家庭和睦的问题,比较了这一代父母对待青少年的态度以及和上一代父母的比较,结论是现在的家庭比以往更加和睦。第6题(2020年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（北京卷）)EHuntingThe days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger- shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives （动机）. One of them wrote:“You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animals own territory （领地）. You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals. Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killingnot if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.”I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears （矛） and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modem weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.72. There is no more hunting in India now partly because_ .A. it is dangerous to hunt thereB. hunting is already out of dateC. hunters want to protect animalsD. there are few animals left to hunt73. The author thinks modem hunters kill mainly_ .A. to make the countryside safeB. to earn peoples admirationC. to gain power and influenceD. to improve their health74. What do we learn about the big-game hunters?A. They hunt old animals.B. They mistreat animals.C. They hunt for food.D. They hunt for money.75. What is the authors view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.B. Modem hunters should use more advanced weapons.C. Modem hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modem hunters should put their safety first.答案72. D解析:这是一道细节判断题。根据第一段“This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill.”可知现在没有什么可以狩猎的动物了。73. B解析:这是一道推断题。根据第三段第一句“I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals.”可判断出现代猎手狩猎是为了让人们羡慕他们制服危险动物的勇气。74. C解析:这是一道细节判断题。根据倒数第二段“Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killingnot if you respe