高三英语组短语辨析

英语：30组短语辨析1. burn down/burn out/burn upburn down (火势)减弱，(被)焚毁；burn out烧尽，熄灭；burn up 被烧掉(毁)，烧得更旺。2. how often/how long/how far/how soonhow often有多久一次的意思，是对做某事的频率提问。对how often的回答一般是：twice a year/three times a week。how long表示 时间多久或物体多长，表示时间时侧重指 一段时间。对how long的回答一般是时间段，如for three days。how far 是提问路程有多远，询问距离的，还可以表示程度。how soon表示 多久之后，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。对how soon的回答一般是：in + 时间段，如in two days/in five years。 转载请注明出处：天星教育试题调研考前抢分必备【真题回放】Students are always interested in finding out_they can go with a new teacher。(2020安徽卷)A. how far B. how soon C how often D how long答案： A3. call at/call back/call for/call in/call on/call upcall at (a place) 访问(某地);call back 回电话; call for (公开)要求，需要; call in 要求退回，召来;call on 邀请，请求; call up 使回忆起，使想起。4. come about/come across/come off/come out/come true/come upcome about 发生;come across(偶然)遇见;come off 能被去掉(或除去)；come out出版，发行; come true变为现实，实现;come up 长出地面，升起。【真题回放】Have you_some new ideas? Yeah. Ill tell you later. (2020江苏卷)A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with答案： C 5. cut down/cut off/cut through/cut up/cut incut down砍倒，削减；cut off打断，中断(供给)；cut through开辟(出路或通道)；cut up(严重地)割伤，打伤，切碎；cut in插嘴。6. break out/break down/break away from/break into/break off/break through/break up break out爆发；break down出故障，坏掉；break away from突然挣脱，逃脱；break into强行闯入；break off中断，断开；break through克服，战胜;break up拆开，打散。7. bring in/bring up/bring about bring in引入，赚得；bring up抚养，养育；bring about导致，引起。8. run out/go out/give out/leave out run out用完，耗尽；go out外出交际，送出，发出；give out用完，耗尽，停止运转; leave out省去， 遗漏， 不包括。转载请注明出处：天星教育试题调研考前抢分必备【真题回放】 Im still working on my project. Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _. (2020江苏卷) A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out答案： A 9. get along with/get back/get close to/get down to/get in touch with/get off/get through get along with与相处；get back回去，返回；get close to接近；get down to开始做 get in touch with与联系(接触)；get off脱下；get through顺利通过(考试等)，拨通(电话)。【真题回放】 Its going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me _ the clothes on the line? (2020陕西卷)A. get off B. get back C. get in D. get on答案： C10. go away/go against/go ahead/go bad/go off/go on doing/go on with/go up go away 走开，离家外出，消失；go against 违反，与不符(或相反)；go ahead 走在前面，先走；go bad (食物)变坏，坏掉；go off 离开(尤指去做某事); go on doing sth. 继续干某事，不停地干某事; go on with sth。(尤指停顿或中断之后)继续做某事; go up (价格，温度等)上涨，上升。11.keep back/keep fit/keep in touch with/keep on/keep up with/keep out keep back 保留; keep fit 保持健康; keep in touch with 与保持联系; keep on 继续;keep up with跟上，并驾齐驱；keep out 不进入，留在外面。12. take after/take apart/take away/take down/take on/take off/take up/take over/take in 动词take的相关短语也是高频短语，常见的有：take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)；take apart 拆卸，拆开(机器等);take away 解除，消除(感情、痛苦等);take down 拆掉，拆卸，误认为;take on 呈现，雇佣，承担(责任);take off 取消，脱下(衣帽等);take up 占用(时间)，占据(空间)，开始从事；take over 接管，接手;take in 留宿，收留，吸入。【真题回放】 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside(2020全国卷)A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up答案： C13. turn down/turn. into./turn off/turn out/turn up/turn over turn down 关小，把调低；turn . into . 把变成 turn off 关掉(水、电、收音机等)；turn out 证明是，结果是；turn up 到达，偶然出现；turn over 转动，翻身。 【真题回放】 What are you reading, Tom? Im not really reading, just _ the pages。(2020全国卷)A. turning off B. turning around C. turning over D. turning up答案： C14. die of/die from/die down/die out die of死于(内在原因，如疾病等)；die from死于(外在原因，如事故等)；die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息；die out灭绝。15.give away/give off/give out/give in to/give back give away 捐赠，分发，泄露；give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)；give out发出，用完；give in to向投降，让步； give back 使恢复，归还。16. hold on/hold out/hold back/hold up hold on(电话用语)等一下，别挂断；hold out坚持，抵抗，提供机会；hold back隐瞒；hold up推迟，耽搁。【真题回放】 If Peter there? _ , please. Ill see if I can find him for you. (2020江苏卷)A. Hold up B Hold on C Hold out D Hold off答案： B17. look into/look through/look on/look out/look down on look into调查；look through快速查看；look on旁观；look out当心；look down on轻视，瞧不起。18.make up/make out/make no sense/make up for/make the most ofmake up构成，化妆；make out理解，明白(事理)；make no sense没有意义；make up for弥补； make the most of充分利用。19.pay back/pay off/pay for pay back(向某人)还钱；pay off付清；pay for 为付费。20.pick up/pick out pick up 拿起，(为某人)收拾，(开车)接人，接收(信号、声音、图像等)，(偶然)学会；pick out 精心挑选，辨别出。【易混短语辨析】 1. since then / from then on / ever since / ever before since then意为 从那时以来，通常与动词的现在完成时连用，指从过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间。from then on意为 从那时起，通常与动词的一般过去时连用，指过去某一时刻之后的时间。ever since意为自以后，从起，其中since是副词，意为从那以后，通常与延续性动词的完成时态连用。ever before的意思是在以往任何时候，常出现在than后面，其中before是副词，有时可以省略，ever用以加强语气。如：She has lived here since then. From then on he was a model student. He went to Tibet in 1956 and has lived there ever since.Its raining harder than ever (before).2. on board /on the board /on the boards on board泛指在船上，还可指在飞机(火车，公共汽车等)上。这个习语也可接船名或船的类型(如：on board the Dongfeng在东风号上；on board a liner在邮轮上)。 on the board除可表示在(具体的)这艘或那艘船上外，还可表示在会上讨论。 on the boards中的boards是舞台的意思，其原义是在舞台上，现常引申为做演员或演出，常用在连系动词be后作表语。 3. too much/much too much too意为太，相当于very。too much 意为太多，可修饰不可数名词；若修饰可数名词，则用too many。如：Now too many people become much too fat, for they eat too much. 4. on the air/in the air/in the open air on the air意为正在播送(电视、广播)；in the air意为在传播中，可感觉到的，流行；in the open air意为在户外。如：They were in the open air discussing a problem in the air when the news that a war broke out in Iraq was on the air.5. at a distance/in the distance at a distance 是从远处的意思，表示一定的距离、近距离或可以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以省略或是改为some。 in the distance 表示在在远处，强调距离之远。如：This picture looks better at a distance. We saw lights in the distance.6. at any moment/at the moment/for a moment/for the moment/in a moment/the momentat any moment 意为随时，任何时候，与at any time 及at all times同义；at the moment 表示现在，此刻的意思，用于一般现在时，也可以说成at this moment，相当于now/at present; for a moment 意为片刻，一会儿；for the moment 意为目前，暂时。in a moment 意为立即，马上，表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间；the moment 用来引导时间状语从句，意为一就，相当于as soon as。如：We can ask him for help at any moment.I am busy at the moment.The man was silent for a moment.For the moment he didnt know what to say.Hurry up, the film will start in a moment.The moment I saw I knew that there was no hope.7. care about/care for/take care of care about 意为关心，在意，指由于某事重要，或是因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句； care for 意为喜欢，照顾。用作喜欢时一般用于否定句或是疑问句中；take care of 意为照料，相当于look after。如：He doesnt care about his clothes.I dont really care for red wine.Take care of yourself!8. because of/owing to/due to/as a result of/thanks to 这些短语都可以表示原因，但用法不尽相同。because of 意为因为，由于，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句末; owing to意为由于，因为， 在句中通常作状语，其所引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，严格地讲，置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开，而because of 则不用；due to 所引导的短语在句中一般作表语和定语，但在很多场合中可以与owing to 通用；as a result of 意为由于；thanks to 意为幸亏，由于，因为，它所引导的短语可以表达正面的意思(表示谢意)，也可以用于讽刺。如：Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.He was injured due to(=owing to) a car accident.As a result of the