高三英语高考第一轮复习——Book I Unit 13－14人教版知识精讲

高三英语高考第一轮复习Book I Unit 1314人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：一轮复习Book I Unit 1314（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型（四）重点语法二. 知识精讲：（一）重点单词1. examine/check/testexamine1) 检查身体是否有问题e.g. The goods were examined for damage on arrival.The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.Tom will have his blood examined.2) 考试，测试e.g. The students will be examined at the end of term.check核对，检验（看是否安全、正确、满意或处于良好的状态）美国（寄存、托运）1) At the airport the officials checked my luggage carefully.2) He hurried to the station and checked in.3) Have you checked your baggage?4) Whenever you are to walk on the ice, check that it is solid and safe enough.test1) 测试（看功能是否完好）Test nuclear weapons under the sea.2) 检查衡量（某人或某物的品质、质量）Id like to have my hearing tested.Their friendship has stood the test of time.2. junk用作不可数名词，常用于口语中，表示“无用的或者无价值的东西”，“廉价出售的废旧杂物”。例如：The room is full of junk. 那间屋子里满是破烂儿。His writing is all junk. 他的文章一文不值。【知识拓展】由junk构成的短语：junk food 垃圾食品，无营养食品 junk mail垃圾邮件 junk shop旧货店 junk price 赔本价钱3. healthy是形容词，意为“健康的”，该词是由名词health加上后缀-y构成的，这种由名词加上-y构成的形容词还有：wind (风)+ -y windy（多风的） sun (太阳)+ -y sunny（晴朗的）cloud (云)+ -y cloudy（多云的） rain (雨)+ -y rainy（多雨的）dirt (污物)+ -y dirty（脏的） storm（暴风雨）+-y stormy（暴风雨的）wealth（财富）+ -y wealthy（富有的） luck（运气）+ -y lucky（幸运的）4. reason1）a reason for (doing) sth. （做）的理由，赞成的理由2) a reason against sth. 反对的理由3) a reason to do sth. 做的理由4) the reason + why-clause 的原因5) for some/ this reason 由于某个/这个原因People give many different reasons for wanting to change jobs.They must have had a good reason to do it.【知识拓展】 reason 作主语时，表语从句的引导词用that，不用why或because。例如：The reason for my absence was that I was ill. reason 后的定语从句应依据其在从句中的成分分别选用：作原因状语时用why(=for which)；作主语或宾语时用that或which。例如：Wed like to know the reason why she didnt accept the job.I can hardly believe the reason (that) he gave for his not taking the class.【即学即用】 Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained The reason _ his going to France was _ he got a new job there.A. for; because B. for; that C. of; because D. of; that The reason _ he is late is _ there is a break down on the railway.A. why; why B. because; that C. that; because D. why; that5. hurt，wound，injurehurt：vi./vt. 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，而wound和injure都不能指精神上的伤害。Which side of Micks stomach hurts?He jumped off the tree and hurt his leg.Youll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.wound一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指在战争或战斗中受的伤。The soldier was wounded in the arm.injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤。There were two people injured in the car accident.She was injured badly in an accident during the work.6. pain, achepain表示肉体上的“痛”用pain, a pain, pains均可。I have (a) pain/ pains in the stomach.表示精神上的痛常用作不可数名词。His harsh words caused her much pain.短语搭配1）in pain意思是“疼痛、痛苦”，不用冠词。It is obvious that she was in great pain.2）take pains to do sth.take pains with sth. 不辞劳苦干某事3) spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力干某事acheache指人身体的疼痛，往往用于指持续的疼痛，或因一些小病引起的感觉，常常是局部的；而pain是一般用语，指人身体或精神的疼痛，一般比ache更严重些。ache常用作合成词，和表示疼痛部位的词连用，例如：headache(头痛)，toothache(牙疼)，stomachache(胃痛)等；而pain则不可以这样用，如果要表示某一部位痛，可用have a pain in这一句式。I had a headache last night.I had a pain in my head last night.7. advise1) advise后如直接接动词作宾语，要用动词-ing形式，即动名词。例如：I advise taking the car Its a long way.2) advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事We advised him not to act in haste.3) advise后可接宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。例如：We advised her that she (should) wait.我们劝她等。8. offer1) offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb.I offered him a glass of wine.2) offer sb. sth. for some moneyWe offered him the house for $ 10,000.3) offer sb. some money for sth.We offered him $ 10,000 for the house.4) offer to do sth.She offered to help her mum with the case.9. honor1) gain/win/achieve honor for ones motherland2) show honor to sb.3) in honor ofThere is a party tonight in honor of our new president.in praise ofin need ofin memory ofin charge ofin possession ofin favor of4) Its a great honor to give you a lecture here.5) I feel honored to give you a lecture here.10. purpose1) on purposeDid he do it accidentally？ No, on purpose.2) with/for the purpose ofI didnt meet him for the mere purpose of talking.An advertisement often starts for the purpose of attracting the readers attention.11. gift1) He received many birthday gifts.2) He is a man of many gifts.3) The little girl has a gift for dancing.12. cyclerecycle bicycle tricycle cyclist circle film circle Arctic Circle（二）重点短语1. make a list of2. make a choice / make choices3. in the future的意思是“在未来，从今以后”，in future是英国英语，意思是“从今以后”。因此在表示“在未来”时，用in the future；在表示“从今以后”时，二者均可。例如：No one is sure what will happen to us in the future.In (the) future, no one should smoke in this room.4. keep up withcatch up with5. base sth. on/upon sth.6. be harmful to sb./sth.do sb. harmdo harm to sb.7. go for sth.1) What he said about you goes for me too.2) Do you go for modern music?3) Going for a walk after supper is a good habit.go in for8. keep fit9. even if10. now and then1) every now and thena little now and a little thenfrom time to timeat timessometimes2) up and downhere and thereday and nightto and froback and forth11. lose weight gain weight put on weight12. dress updress sb./ oneselfbe dressed in13. make peace14. take in1) You wont take me in that easily.2) Dont be taken in by his charming manner.3) Fish can take in oxygen in water.4) Get up early to take in fresh air.5) I couldnt take in his words.6) He took in several students for some money.总结：take outtake ontake offtake uptake downtake overtakefortake awaytakefor seriouslytake it for granted that动宾搭配常见词组：take breathtake the citytake a walktake medicinetake a resttake a lifttake a taxitake an examtake a coursetake a phototake a breaktake a showertake a swimtake a seattake a chancetake ones advicetake ones temperaturetakefor exampletake actiontake measurestake this way（三）重点句型1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life and the fuel we need for bodies is also different.“as+倒装句”表示“也一样”。例如：Helen is very tall, as was her mother.I like football, as does my brother.【知识拓展】1) “so +倒装句”也表示“也一样”。2) as表示“像那样”，这时后面的句子不需要倒装。引导的方式状语从句。例如：Do as I say! Leave it as it is。3）比较状语从句：像一样 常见：asas not soasThe movie was not so good as I had expected.4）时间状语从句 “随着”；“正当”As time went on, we grew wiser.5）原因状语从句 “既然”As everyone is here, lets begin our discussion.6）让步状语从句 “尽管、虽然”， 必须引起部分倒装Child as he is, he knows a lot.7）定语从句引导词，常见：the sameas asasIts the same film as I saw last night.As we all know, China has a large population.【即学即用】1) As the demand rises, _.A. so do prices B. as does prices C. so prices do D. as prices do2) Wed better leave things _ they are until the police arrive.A. that B. as C. so D. like3) David, _ you know, has not been well lately.A. as B. for C. since D. because4) He tried to learn English well, _ did his classmates.A. and B. which C. but D. as2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.“only+状语”放在句子开头要引起主句倒装。例如：Only when you grow up will you understand the importance of learning.只有当你长大了才会明白学习的重要性。Only then could he think of me.只有那时他才会想起我。（四）重点语法1. Because we have so much to choose from, many companies offer advice about what we eat.to choose from作much的定语。1）不定式作定语时，如果句中主语是不定式动作的执行者或说话人是不定式动作的执行者，不定式用主动形式，不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；否则，不定式用被动形式，不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：I have a lot of clothes to wash. 我有很多衣服要洗。（主语I是不定式to wash的执行者，即是“我”自己洗。）I have a lot of clothes to be washed. 我有很多衣服要洗。（主语I不是不定式动作的执行者，即不是“我”自己洗，要请别人洗。）Im going downtown. Do you have anything_(to post/to be posted)?2）如果不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系，要注意如果不定式是不及物动词要考虑用相应的介词搭配。例如：He has no friends to play with.They have only a small room to live in.There are plenty of places to _(pay a visit to/ pay a visit).He had a lot of letter _(to reply/ to reply to/ to answer/ to answer to).【即学即用】 He has no food to eat, no place _.A. to have a rest B. to live C. to live with D. to live in The letter _ to the post office was lost on the way.A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. taken At the shopping-center, he didnt know what _ and _ with an empty bag.A. to buy; leave B. to be bought; leftC. to buy; left D. was to buy; leave2. 情态动词had better1) 意义：had better意为“最好还是”，无比较意义。2) 形式：无人称、时态和数的变化，后接不带“to”的动词不定式，否定形式是had better not do，而非had not better do。例如：Id better go and get ready.It looks like rain. Youd better not ride your bike to the museum. 其反意疑问句用should或had构成。例如：Wed better take some food with us, shouldnt we/ hadnt we? 在口语中：Youd better stay at home. =You better stay at home. =Better stay at home.高考链接：If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming.A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget3. 情态动词should与ought to1）提建议You ought to work harder.Children should obey their parents.“should/ought to + have + 过去分词”表示“过去应该做某事，但事实上并没有做”。They should have called the police.You ought to have come earlier. should和ought to都含有“应该”的意思，一般可互换，但should含有“劝告、建议”的语气， 即“按照我的想法应该如何”，表示说话人主观上认为某件事宜于做；ought to语气更强，强调“有责任、义务或法律、道义等客观要求应该做某事”。2) 表示对未来情况的推测，表示“按理、照常识某事可能会发生”。 译成“应该, 差不多会”例如：I should be home in ten minutes.Prices ought to come down soon.Dinner should be ready by now.Well have 4 guests. So 15 bottles of beer should be enough.Weve got everything ready. There should be no problem.高考链接：1) Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You _ her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told2) I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A. should B. may C. will D. can3) Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving4) I _pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A. should B. might C. would D. could5) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out4. 情态动词must, have to, have got to1) You use must when you think it is necessary.2) You use have to when someone think it is necessary or there seems to be no other choice.3) You can use have got to instead of have to.We must get to the school on time.Its getting late. I am afraid I have got to go.三. 高考聚焦：1. Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?Oh, really! I havent _ my mailbox yet.A. examined B. received C. tested D. checked2. Only when your identity has been checked _.A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed inC. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in3. I failed in the examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize4. Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a5. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products6. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What7. _I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. When B. After C. As D. Since8. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open.A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try9. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student10. _ is probably true with many people, I get quite homesick and often thought about going home.A. If B. So C. As D. What11. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as12. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall13. We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all .A. given away B. kept awayC. taken up D. used up14. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion.A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on15. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside.A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up16. I _ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A. make B. look C. take D. think17. Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right?A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over18. Dont be _ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A. taken off B. taken out C. taken away D. taken in答案：DDDCA BCABC DACDC CDDUnit 1516预习导学1. 背诵Unit 1516的单词、短语，重点预习以下知识点：1) marry2) cost/spend/take/pay3) matter4) conduct5) sharp的多种意思6) doubt7) after all2. 预习情态动词must、can/could、may/might表示推测和判断。3. 完成以下高考真题，体会其中的特殊句型：_the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. SearchStand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better.A. but B. till C. and D. or【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）一、单选1. _. Ive got a bad cough.A. How do you do?B. What do you feel like?C. What does it matter?D. Whats the matter?2. What do you think of the _ that a meeting should be held to discuss the tree planting programme?A. discussionB. suggestionC. opinionD. explanation3. Ive got _ work to do on a _ cold day.A. much too; much too B. too much; too muchC. too much; much too D. much too; too much*4. _ in the workshop. Please stop it. Sorry, I _.A. Smoking is not allowed; dont know B. Not smoking; am not sureC. Dont smoke; have no idea D. Smoking is not allowed; didnt know*5. He had no idea of how the climb would be _ he was half way up the mountain.A. whenB. untilC. whileD. as6. You _ be careful when you cross here-the traffic lights arent working.A. couldB. mayC. ought toD. would7. Jack asked his brother _ Betty.A. did he knowB. if he knowsC. does he knowD. whether he knew8. Mount Blanc, _ we visited last summer, is the highest mountain in Europe.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. which9. After I stayed in bed for two days, Mother _ me going to see a doctor at once.A. stoppedB. agreedC. suggestedD. made*10. Waiter! _. I cant eat this. Its too salty.A. Yes, sir?B. What?C. All right?D. Pardon?11. The doctor advised my father _ any more.A. not smokeB. not smokingC. not to smokeD. not to smoking12. You had better _ eat too much butter, cream or sugar.A. dontB. notC. not toD. to not13. She didnt attend the meeting yesterday _ her mothers serious illness.A. becauseB. because ofC. forD. though*14. Lets go swimming, _?A. will weB. dont weC. are weD. shall we*15. One student in five in our class _ an English-Chinese dictionary.A. haveB. hasC. there isD. there are16. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality.A. fighting B. parade C. argument D. conflict17. Andrew is Alices elder brother! No wonder he _ me of Alice!A. calls up B. reminds C. advises D. guesses18. I dont think it was an accident. He must have broken the window _ .A. on purpose B. in common C. in opinion D. in agreement*19. The shop assistants there were not friendly to me because of .A. I was badly dressed B. the clothes I was having onC. what I was wearing D. what I dressed20. Your _ , please!Why dont you ring and ask Mr. King inside the hall? It was he who asked me to come to the party.A. result B. answer C. invitation D. suggestion21. What he told us just now, in my _ , simply doesnt make any sense.A. opinion B. idea C. thought D. choice22. His talent and experience gained the _ of his friends.A. award B. prize C. result D. respect23. The sea water takes _ a lot of heat in summer.A. up B. in C. over D. off24. In _ of her husbands return from abroad, she held a party at home with friends.A. respect B. honor C. hope D. happiness*25.