河北省张家口一中高中英语 Unit 5 First aid Warming up and reading 教案 必修5

Unite 5 First aidWarming up and readingI. aid.及物动词 vt. 帮助,救助,支援aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb. in doing sth. 在某方面帮助某人做某事aid sb. in /with sth. 在某方面帮助某人She made no effort to aid Sophia with her work.她根本不去在功课上帮助索菲娅。A good dictionary can aid language in learning.一部好词典有助于语言学习。I dont think her way aids in her child. 我认为她的方法没有在孩子身上起作用。名词 n.1.帮助,救助,援助UHe should be able to read this without the aid of a dictionary. 他应当能够不用字典就读懂这个。2.有帮助作用或有辅助作用的人或事物Ca visual aid 视觉教具短语：first aid 对伤患的急救with the aid of 在的帮助下in aid of sth./ sb. 以支援或帮助某人/某物be a great aid to sb. 对某人又极大的帮助come to ones aid. 来帮助某人短语练习1. Observe the moon with the aid of a telescope通过望远镜观察月球2. What is the money in aid of? 这钱用来做什么的？II. injuryn.损伤，伤害，伤He escaped from the train crash without injury. 他在这次火车事故中没有受伤。相关短语：do sb. an injury / do an injury to 伤害某人 ,对造成伤害be an injury to 伤害，危害injure vt. 伤害 injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤员hurt/ wound/ injure/ harm1.hurt主要用于由生命的东西，指使人的肉体受伤而疼痛，或伤了人的自尊心或感情。hurt常用作不及物动词,表示痛的意思。2.wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，特指战场上的伤害，也指感情受伤.3.injure一般指由于意外事故或天灾造成损伤。4. harm：抽象的伤害为主。通常是不能直接造成伤害的伤害，需要一个过程，如伤及健康，权利，事业等。比如，吸烟有害健康。练习1.The_ are well taken care of .A. wounding B. wounds C. wounded D. wound2.The arrow _ her in the chest.A. hurt B . wounded C .hit D .injured3. He _ himself in a traffic accident.A. hurt B. wounded C. injured D. damaged4.Thatll _ his feelings. Dont do that.A. hurt B. wound C. damage D. injure5.After a time , my back didnt _ any more.A. wound B. injure C. hurt D. hitIII.varietyn.1. 表示“变化”“多样性”，是不可数名词。如：We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化。2. 表示“种种”“各种各样”，是可数名词，且主要用于 a variety of ，varieties of.这样的结构。如：They were late for a variety of reasons. 他们因种种原因而迟到。注：a variety of 后通常接复数可数名词，但有时也接不可数名词。“a variety of复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用复数；“a variety of单数名词”用作主语，谓语要用单数。“the variety of复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用单数A variety of books have been published. 出版了各种各样的书。The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的货物品种丰富。3. 示“种类”、“品种”，是可数名词。如：An apple is a variety of fruit. 苹果是一种水果。various adj. 各种各样的 vary v. 变化，不同，改变练习1. Old people dont like to vary their habits.2. This variety of dog is very useful for hunting.3. There are different varieties of plants in the garden.4. There are various ways to solve the problem.IV vitaladj 至关重要的；生死攸关的a vital question 生死攸关的问题a vital examination. 至关重要的考试短语Be of vital importance 是至关重要的Be vital to 对很重要It is vital that that从句要用虚拟语气，即(should)+ do练习1. Light industry and agriculture are of vital importance to the nations economy2. He always spends his money on vital things 有钱要花在刀刃上V. treatvt./ vi.1. 对待; 看待, 把.看作 (+as/like)Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. 不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。2. 医疗, 治疗(+for)The doctors were not able to treat this disease. 医生治不了这种病。3. 款待, 请(客)(+to)Well treat you to dinner. 我们请你吃饭。n. 名词 C1. 请客，做东Its my treat. 我请客。2 难得的乐事,享受For dessert we had fresh strawberries - a real treat. 饭后甜点我们吃鲜草莓-真是难得的享受。注： 与cure 的区别1. The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症。 2. Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病?VI. apply1.表示“应用”、“运用”,” 涂抹”等，通常为及物动词；要表示“将.运用到.”，通常用介词 to：apply sth. to 把 应用于，把涂到We decided to apply a new method. 我们决定使用新方法。In this way we can better apply theory to practice. 这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。2.表示“适用”，通常为不及物动词；要表示“适用于.”，通常用介词 toapply to 适用于The book does not apply to beginners. 这书不适合于初学者。3.可用及物或不及物动词，表示“申请得到.”，要用介词 for；表示“申请做某事”，其后接不定式：apply (for ) 申请You may apply in person or by letter. 你亲自或通过书信申请均可。More than 30 people applied for the position. 有30多个人申请这个职位。apply to.for. 表示“向.申请(得到).They applied to the government for financial help. 他们向政府申请经济援助。4 用于短语 apply oneself /ones mind to (专心致力于，专心从事)，其中的 to 是介词，其后接名词或动名词：She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语。apply的派生词applicable adj. 适用于：This rule is not applicable to foreigners. 这条规则不适用于外国人。applicant n. 申请者(可数)：There are three applicants for the job. 有三个人申请这项工作。application n. 申请(不可数)；申请书(可数)；使用，应用 ，适用(可数或不可数)：Application must be made this afternoon. 申请必须在今天下午提出。练习1. The rule doesnt apply to all cases. 此规则并非适用于所有的情形。2. He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。3. He applied himself to his work. 他专心工作语法：省略一，简单句中的省略二，并列句中的省略在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：Coral is not a plant, but (it is) a variety of animal life。He came into the classroom, (he) sat down and (he) began to read。三，复合句中的省略1在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词that/whom。例如：They talked about the things and people (that) they remembered。先行词为the way时，从句中缺少方式状语可将that, in which 省略I dont like the way he talks.2. 宾语从句中的省略在含有动词“命令(order, command)， 建议(suggest, propose)，要求(request, demand, require)，坚持(insist)希望(desire)”等的名词性从句中，谓语动词通常用should+动词原形，而且should可被省掉。例如：It is desired that this rule(should)be brought to the attention of the staff。They suggested that he (should) go on a summer camp。可省略作宾语的that，但当有多个宾语从句时，只能省略第一个的that由，which, when, where, how, whose 和why 引导的宾语从句，可以全部省略，或者部分省略。He will come back, but he doesnt know when(he will come back)3. 在表示时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较的状语从句中，如果包含动词be，从句中的主语与主句相同，或者从句的主语为it，就常常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(动词be)省略掉，只保留连词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词。例如： 时间状语从句Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled。 条件状语从句Send the goods if (they are) ready。(3) 地点状语从句中Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary。(4) 让步状语从句中Though (he was) poor, he lived a happy life。(5) as, as if引导的方式状语从句中As (it was) scheduled, they met on the New Years Day at the city of Zhengzhou.He opened his lips as if (he was) to say something。(6)在表示虚拟条件的状语从句中，把if省略，而将had, were, should 时，句子采用倒装语序。Should you need any help (=if you need any help), you can phone me at the office。四. 动词不定式的省略1）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后做宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。注：help后做宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。2）but/except做除了讲，之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to,We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。3）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：Im really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。4）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？5）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。但如不定式中含有be, have 通常要保留他们。Dont go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。He is not a singer now, but he hopes to be in the future.6）在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式做宾语时，可以省略动词不定式中动词原形部分，但要保留不定式符号to。如：Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？Well, Id like to (go with you). 我愿意。7）在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？Sure, Ill be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。8）有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式做宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，保留动词不定式符号to。如：He didnt come, though we had invited him to (come).注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留have或be。如：Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。五注意事项(1)复合句中的主句的主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式常可省略动词不定式的符