河北省张家口一中高二英语 Unit 1 Great Scientists 教案 必修5

I. key words and expressions1. characteristic adjn1) adj 典型的 独特的 独有的 adv characteristicallyEg: She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 她说话带有特有的热情。Characteristically, Helen paid for everyone. 海伦按照惯常的做法为每个人付了费。2）n 特征，特点， 品质Eg: The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society. 需要交际是人类社会的一个重要特征。Personal characteristics, such as age and sex are taken into account. 个人的特征，如年龄和性别等都要考虑进去。【拓展】characterize/characterise v以为典型；使具有特点characterization/characterisation n 刻画，描绘，塑造2. put forward1) Weve decided to put the party forward by one week. 把。提前2) Remember to put your clocks forward 拨快，向前拨3)_? 你后悔在会议上提出那个建议吗？【拓展】回顾复习相关短语如：put up/ put on/ put off/ put out/ put away3. conclude v1) 得出结论，推断出Eg: What can you conclude from the matter? 从这件事中你能得出什么结论？It was concluded that he was not the person to rely on. 结论是他不是可以信赖的人。2) (使) 结束，终止Eg: He concluded by wishing everyone happy and healthy.【拓展】conclusion n 结论得出结论 draw/make/come to/arrive at/lead to conclusionsin conclusion: 最后4. defeat vn 击败，战败，失败，挫败Eg: They defeated their rivals by 2 goals. 他们以2个进球击败了对手。短语：a narrow/heavy defeat 惜败，惨败admit defeat 认输 a _ army 败军【考点聚焦】 1）defeat，beat与win作“打败”解时的区别:beat与defeat的宾语通常多为“人”；win后的宾语多用game，war，prize等词(注意win的宾语不能是人)。5. attend v1) 出席，参加, 去。Eg: 参加婚礼/葬礼 attend a wedding/a funeral/school/church/a meeting/a lecture2) attend to sb/sth 处理,对付；照料，关怀，护理Eg:_ 我有些重要的事情要处理。Three nurses are attending (to) the old man.【拓展】attendance n 到场，出席（人数）6. expose v n _1) 暴露，显露 expose sth to Eg: Potatoes turn green when _ _ light.He did not want to expose his fears to anyone.2) 使面临、遭遇(危险或不快)expose sb/sth to Eg: Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.3) 揭露，揭穿Eg: She is exposed as a liar and fraud. 她说谎和欺骗的面目被揭穿了。理解expose在以下语境中的含义：4) Some children are never exposed to classical music. （使）接触，体验5) You cant expose undeveloped film to light. 曝光7. cure vn 治愈；痊愈；治疗1) v: cure sth/ cure sb (of sth)Eg: The deadly disease can not be cured.Fortunately, doctors have found a way to cure him (of his illness).2) n: cure for sthEg: There is no known cure for the deadly disease but it can be treated.这种致命的疾病尚没有明确的治愈方法但可以医治。【考点聚焦】 1）辨析cure和treat：cure意为“治愈”，侧重结果；可构成cure sb.of sth.句型；treat意为“治疗”，强调动作；常用treat sb 结构。8. challenge vn1) A 对怀疑（质疑），拒绝接受Eg: Copernicus discovery challenged the traditional beliefs.She doesnt like anyone to challenge her authority.B 挑战The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call on an election. 反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。2) n 挑战，艰巨任务an exciting/interesting challenge;face/meet/accept/take up a challenge 面临、迎接、接受挑战【拓展】challenging 挑战性的，考研能力的；引起争论的，不赞同的challenging questions/work 挑战性的问题、工作a challenging look 质疑的表情（眼光）9. absorb vt n absorption1) 吸收，吸取，吸入Eg: This cream can be absorbed easily.这种乳霜比较容易吸收。2) 理解，掌握Eg: Its really hard to absorb the points all at once. 一次全掌握起这些点并不容易。3) 吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注 absorb sb (in sth)Eg: Totally _ _ the book（完全沉浸在书中）, he almost ran into the car in front of him.【拓展】类似的结构还有：be buried in; be lost in (专注于); be occupied/engaged in (忙于)10. suspect vtn1) A. vt 觉得（尤指坏事可能要发生）；怀疑Eg: Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. 他毫无觉查，径直走入了陷阱。He always suspected that some one was following him.B. 怀疑(某人某事) suspect sb of sthEg: _.(他被怀疑考试中作弊)2) n 嫌疑犯，嫌疑人Eg: He is the prime suspect in the case. 他是该案件的首要嫌疑人。11. blame vtn1）be to blame for sth (对坏事)负有责任Eg: Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？2) blame sth on sb/sth 把归咎于Police blamed the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故归因于危险驾驶。3) blame sb for sth 因为而责怪、指责某人Police blamed the drunk driver for the accident.4）put/lay the blame on sb for sth 把归咎于12. handle vtn1) vt. deal with 处理，应付Eg: We all have to learn to handle stress.我们都得学会调节压力。2) n. 把手，拉手 turn the handle 转动把手13. link vtn1) link A to/with B; link A and B (together)(1) 把A和B联系起来 (表具体的连接)Eg: The camera is linked to a computer.(2) 和相连，有关（更多表抽象含义）Eg: Skin cancer is closely linked to too much sunlight.The two problems are _ _. (直接相关)2) n. 联系，连接 link between A and BPolice suspect that there is a link between the two murders.14. instruct v 指示，命令，吩咐; 教授，传授；通知Eg: The soldiers were instructed to build a high wall in defence of the city.The emperor instructed that the work should be finished in advance.All the students have been instructed in first aid.We have been instructed that our new term will start from August 8th.【拓展】instructions 用法说明，操作指南；命令，吩咐follow the instructions _carry out sbs instructions _15. contribute vcontribute () to 捐献、贡献；有助于，促成，导致；投稿He contributed 5 dollars to the charity each payday. 捐献，贡献_ 充足的新鲜空气有助于身体健康I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute to magazines sometimes. 投稿【拓展】n contributionmake a contribution to 捐款；做贡献；促成相关的短语：devote to; lead to;【考点聚焦】 Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A. stick to B. attend to C. contribute to D. devote to16. apart from prep17. make sense1) 讲得通，有道理，有意义; 也可以说 make no sense, make any senseEg: His sentence doesnt make any sense.2) 明智的，合乎情理的Eg: It makes sense to go there by air instead of by train.【拓展】1)make sense of 理解，弄懂（难懂的事物）Eg: Can you make sense of his poem?2) sense 常用短语a sense of humor/achievement/business/direction in a sense 从某种意义上说3）sense vt_ _; they started to run. 觉察出危险，他们撒腿就跑。I can sense that she doesnt believe me. 我能觉察出她不相信我。18. reject v1) 拒绝接受，不予考虑（论点，想法，计划等）Eg: reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestionThe prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.2) 拒收，拒绝接纳Eg: Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied for. 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我 。【拓展】区分reject和refuse1） 两者的名词形式分别为rejection和refusal2） 其后面都可以直接用名词做宾语，如refuse invitations; reject suggestions3） refuse to do而reject后则不接不定式II. Reading1. Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea.1) 出发，动身，启程Eg: They plan to set out at 5 p.m. for the airport.2) 开始工作，展开任务Eg: She set out to break the world record.3) set sth out / set out sth （有条理地）陈述阐明Eg: She set out her reasons for rejecting their offer.2. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.1) look into sth 调查 审查Eg: A working party has been set up to look into the problem.2) look into ones eyes/face 直视Eg: I dare not look into her eyes fearing that she may see through me.3. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.examine: A. 检查； B. 诊察；体检 C. 测试Eg: examine the goods for damage 检查货物是否有破损The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong. _The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term. _【拓展】1) n examination 常用短语：体检 a medical examination2) 区分examine, check 和 testexamine: 侧重看人或事物是否存在问题Eg: All the luggage is to be examined when you enter the customs.check: 检查,核对,核实; 侧重看前后数量等是否一致,也常用于判断事物的正误、有无或是否正常等。Eg: Youd better check your answers before you hand in your paper.test: 测验,试验, 侧重看质量、水平等是否过关Eg: All the new cars must be tested before being put into market.另: 在表示“考试、测验”含义时, test 指小测验, 而examine则表示阶段性测验。4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky made sense.此处only修饰if引导的状语从句，可以译为“只有条件下；只有在的时候”，当位于句首时，引起倒装。Eg: Only if the case is urgent could you call the doctor in the middle of the night.I will go home only if you go with me.【拓展】区分only if 和 if only注意if only 中核心词是if, if only 只是if从句的一种强化形式，但需要注意的是if only 更多用在虚拟条件句中，表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，译为“但愿、要是该多好啊”如：If only she could have lived a little longer.【考点聚焦】- Look at these black clouds. It _ soon.- Sure. If only we _out.A. is raining; didnt come B. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent start D. is going to rain; hadnt come非谓语练习1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known3. ONeal works hard.So he does. He is often seen _ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.A. to be sweatedB. sweated C. be sweatedD. sweating4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ Sorry to miss you; will call later.A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out6. The English exam is not difficult, is it?_. Even Tom _ to the top students failed in it.A. Yes; belongsB. No; belongedC. Yes; belongingD. No; belonging7._ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Being given D. Having given8_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered9. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed10. At the end of 2020, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _ up around 4 percent of national total.A. madeB. to make C. making D. having made11. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known12. Why did not you go to see the play?_ the whole story, I decided not to see it.ABeing told B. I had been told C. I was told D. Having been told13. -Would you like to go to the concert this evening?Sorry, Tom. _ tomorrows lessons, I have no time to go out with you.A. Not preparing B. Not having preparedC. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared14. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing15. Hi, Amy. Why are you so upset?Er, I found the washing machine I had had _ broke again.A. it repairing B. repaired C. it repaired D. to be repaired16. Friendship is like money: easier made than _.A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept17. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited18. Gen