浅析“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

浅析“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句英语中“介词关系代词”引导定语从句的现象很多，同时也较复杂，同学们必须多加注意。其要点如下：1在定语从句中，当关系代词作介词的宾语时，可以把介词移到关系代词的前面；但为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。如：This is the room in which we lived last year（或：This is the room which we lived in last year）这就是我们去年居住的房子。Whos the comrade with whom you just shook hands？（或：Whos the comrade whom you just shook hands with？）你刚才和他握手的那个人是谁？2“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词只能用whom或which，不可用 that。如：The old Olympic Games from which the modern games came began around the year 776 BC in Greece 古代奥运会于公元前776年开始于希腊，现代奥运会就起源于那里。What did the football player to whom you were talking want？你刚才和他谈话的那个足球运动员想要什么？This is the ring on which she spent 1，000 dollars这就是她花 1000美元买的那枚戒指。当介词跟在动词之后，不前移时，关系代词可以用that。The pencil with which he was writing broke （The pencil which that he was writing with broke ）他写字用的铅笔折了。The competitor to whom I was talking yesterday won the game （ The competitor whom that I was talking to yesterday won the game 我昨天和他谈话的那个选手赢得了比赛。3“介词关系代词”结构在定语从句中可以作状语；并可以修饰别的名词一同作状语，此时的关系代词在定语从句中作定语。如：I called him by the wrong name ， for which mistake I apologized我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。（定语）He works in a middle school，in front of which there is a river他在一所中学工作，中学前面有一条河。（状语）He spent four years in college ， during which time he studied medicine 他上了四年大学，这期间他学了医学。（定语）4含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，即不能转化成“介词关系代词”结构，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：Is this the book which she was looking for？这是她在寻找的那本书吗？（不说for which she was looking）The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy保育员们照看的那些孩子们很健康。（不说after whom the nurses are looking）This is the girl whom he will take care of这就是他要照看的那个女孩。（不说of whom he will take care）5“介词关系代词”后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。如：Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothesAllow me half an hour in which I can wash the clothes）给我半小时洗洗衣服。He has a knife with which to defend himself（He has a knife with which he can defend himself）他有一把用于自卫的刀子。6在下列两种情况下，介词不能前移，要放在原来的位置上。在关系代词that引导的定语从句中；在没有关系代词的定语从句中。如：The two novels that she is fond of are written by an American writer她喜欢的这两本小说是一位美国作家写的。This is the room we lived in last year这就是我们去年住的那个房间。7关系副词when，where，why有时可以转化为“介词关系代词which”结构。如：I still remember the day when（on which）I first came to Beijing 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。The factory where（in which）his father works is in the west of the city他父亲工作的那个工厂在城西。The reason why（for which）he is always late for class is rather simple 他上课总是迟到的原因很简单。8from where有时也被用来引导定语从句，此时的where应是关系代词。如：His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey window ，from where he could see nothing but trees不一会儿，他从二楼的一扇窗户里探出头来，除了