高中英语 Unit 16《Stories》学案2 北师大版选修6

Unit 16Stories 学案一、重点单词讲解1abandoned adj. 被抛弃的, 自甘堕落的, 没有约束的, 放荡的自暴自弃的；放任的e.g.an abandoned young woman 放荡的年轻女子被抛弃的；被放弃的e.g.an abandoned car 废弃的汽车词性变化：abandon（1）vt. 放弃, 遗弃遗弃e.g.abandon ones idea 放弃自己的想法He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.他抛弃了妻子，还带走了两人所有的钱。 放弃；停止做（某事）e.g.They abandoned the game because of rain.因为下雨比赛停止了。 abandon oneself to 沉缅于, 陷入e.g.He abandoned himself to despair.他自暴自弃。They abandon themselves to drinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。（2）n. 放肆；放纵e.g.The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。2preserve vt. (-served, -serving)（1）保护；防护；维护e.g.The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest.市政委员会花了不少钱来维修那座古城堡和其它历史古迹。（2） 保存；保藏e.g.You can preserve meat or fish in salt.你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。（3）保持；维持e.g.preserve peace 维持和平It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。（4）防腐e.g.Salt preserves food from decay.盐能防止食物腐烂。3witness（1）n. C（与of连用）见证人；目击者e.g.a witness of the accident 事件的见证人(= eyewitness)These facts are a witness to his carelessness.这些事实证明了他的粗心。（2）vt. 亲眼看见，目睹e.g.We witnessed great changes in the city.我们目击了这个城市的巨大变化。（我们是这个城市巨大变化的见证人。）He has witnessed many battles.他经历过多次战争。 表示；表明e.g.His tears witnessed the shame he felt.他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。（3） vi. 证明, 作证 (against, for, to)e.g.witness against for the accused 证明被告有罪无罪He witnessed to the facts.他为事实作证。习惯用语：bear false witness against sb. 作对某人不利的伪证bear witness to 构成的证据；为作证，证明callto witness 请证明；传做证人in witness of 作为的证明, 为作证star witness 主要的证人swear a witness 令证人宣誓4occur vi. -rr-（1）发生e.g.The accident occurred at five oclock.事故发生在五点钟。（2）存在；生存e.g.Such plants dont occur here.这种植物不能在这里生存。（3）occur to sb. 浮现在某人的脑海中; 被某人想到e.g.An idea occurred to me.我想到一个主意。It occurred to me that Mary could help me.我刚刚想到玛丽可能能够帮助我。5pray (prayed, praying)（1）vi. 祈祷e.g.She prayed for her child silently.她默默地为她的孩子祈祷。 祈求e.g.pray for sb.s pardon 请求某人原谅Were praying for a fine day.我们祈求好天气。（2）vt.请求，祈求e.g.pray sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事pray sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某事物We pray you for mercy.我们求您发慈悲。6capable adj. 有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以的（1）聪明的e.g.She is my most capable student.她是我的最聪明的学生。（2）be capable of指人 有的能力; 有的倾向指物 易于；有的余地; 可以e.g.He is capable of judging art.他具有鉴赏艺术的能力。That mobs capable of any crime.那个暴徒什么违法的事都会干得出来。This tool machine is capable of being improved.这台机床是可以改进的。a room capable of 20 people 可容纳20人的房间7come across（1）偶遇；碰到 (= come upon)e.g.Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages.我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。（2）发生效果；受欢迎e.g.Your lecture came across very well; everyone liked it.你讲的课非常受欢迎，大家都很喜欢。Your speech came across very well.你的演说极受欢迎。8regard（1）vt. 当作, 重视, 尊敬, 关系看待e.g.I have always regarded him highly.我总把他看得很高。认为（regardas把视为; 认为是）e.g.regard the situation serious 认为情况严重（regard sth. + adj.）You cant regard him as a friend but a business associate.你不能把他看作朋友，只是个生意合伙人。Titanicis regarded as his best film so far.“泰坦尼克号”被认为是到目前为止他拍得最好的影片。（主要用于否定句）注意； 考虑e.g.regard sb.s behaviour with suspicion 对某人的行为有怀疑He did not regard my advice at all.他根本不把我的劝告放在心中。（2）n. 关心, 注意 尊敬, 尊重e.g.to hold her in high regard 尊敬她 注重, 注意; 考虑，凝视, 注视e.g.pay regard to public opinion 重视舆论 (pl) 致意；问候e.g.Give my regards to your parents.代我向你父母问好。习惯用语：in this regard 关于这件事；在这方面with regard to of(=in regard to) 关于, 对于without regard to for 不顾, 不考虑with kind/ best regards 谨此致候as regards 关于, 至于have high regard for 极为尊敬；考虑到；重视pay regard to sb. 尊重某人；注重到某人二、句子解析1Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a devastating volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.译文公元一世纪末左右，一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他青年时代亲眼目睹的一场可怕的火山爆发的场景。（1）around (=about) 大约，左右e.g.around 20 people 大约20人come around four 大约在4点钟来There are around 80 pyramids in Egypt.在埃及大约有80座金字塔。（2）“called Pliny”是-ed分词作后置定语的用法。我们也可以说“., a Roman writer named/ with the name of/ whose name is Pliny, .”（3）devastatingadj.毁灭性的；使荒废的；破坏性的极佳的；非常好的；能达到预期效果的e.g.She looks devastating.她美极了。devastatevt.使荒芜；毁灭，蹂躏；破坏e.g.A long war devastated Europe.长期的战争破坏了欧洲。（4）that he had witnessed as a young man 是个定语从句，修饰a devastating volcanic eruption。2Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.译文普利尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括整座村庄和城市统统吞没。（1）“coming down, blocking out and burying ”这三个连续的动作是-ing分词作定语。可以改写成一个定语从句： “which was coming down, blocking outand burying”（2）include表示“包括在内”，如：e.g.Six people died in the accident, including 3 children.Six people died in the accident, 3 children included.有6个人死于战争，其中包括3个小孩。3Yet, over the centuries, the people who disappeared under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius were gradually forgotten by the world.译文然而，几百年后，维苏威火山灰下失踪的人们，村庄以及城市被世人完全遗忘了。（1）yet在这个句子中表示转折，意思是“但是，然而”e.g.a simple yet very effective system一种尽管简单却十分有效的方法She is not a beautiful girl, yet you cant help liking her.她不是个漂亮的女孩，但是你却会情不自禁的喜欢她。yet其他的意思还有：a. 用于完成时的疑问句或否定句中，表示“还，至此”。e.g.Has John arrived yet?约翰来了吗？He wouldnt let me see it because he hadnt yet finished.他不愿意让我看到那件作品，因为他还没做完呢。b. 迟早e.g.We may win yet.我们迟早会赢的。The plan could yet succeed.这项计划将来还有成功的一天。c. 再，还，更e.g.a yet worse mistake 一个更严重的错误（2）who disappeared under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius 是个定语从句修饰the people.4By 1748, archaeologists had begun to uncover one of the most important archaeological sites in the world.译文到1748年，考古学家们已经发现了一处令人敬畏的历史遗址，开始挖掘出庞培古城。（1）by + 一点时间，表示“到时候为止”，是一个动作的延续，应该用完成时。a.by + 过去的一点时间，用过去完成时e.g.By 1999, the population here had risen to over 20 million.截至到1999年这里的人口超过了两千万。b.by + 现在的一点时间，用现在完成时e.g.By now, we have learned over 1000 new words.截至到现在，我们已经学了1000多个新单词了。c.by + 将来的一点时间，用将来完成时e.g.By 2020, many sports venues will have been finished in preparation for the Olympics.截至到2020年，为了准备奥运会，将有很多奥运场馆建成。（2）在句子里，uncover意思是“discover, to find out sth. unknown or kept secret揭露，发现”。e.g.The police have uncovered a plot to rob the bank.警方破获了密谋抢劫银行的案件。5Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.译文庞培古城就如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。preserving是-ing分词作定语修饰a time capsule, 可以改写成“which preserves”e.g.There is a new book describing the mysterious city Pompeii.有一本新书是描述神秘的城市庞培的。6 But much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have captured the imaginations of millions of people across the world.译文但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓像则更使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。（1）more than 在这个句子中的意思是“而不是”。e.g.Its her voice I dislike, more than what she says.使我讨厌的倒不是她说什么，而是她的声音。more than其他的意思还有：a. 多于（=over）e.g.More than 10,000 athletes took part in the Olympics.1万多人参加了奥运会。b. 更加，更大程度地e.g.Businesses use computers a lot more than they used to.企业使用电脑比过去多多了。c. 不仅仅（=not only）e.g.Yao Ming has more than just size, he also has great skill.姚明不仅仅有身高的优势，他还有不错的技术。（2）be/ get caught 被困在e.g.My skirt is caught on a nail.我的裙子被钉子钩住了。I got caught in the heavy rain last night so that I got a bad cold.我昨晚遇到了一场大雨，得了重感冒。（3）Itsthat是个强调句型。原句应该是“The forms of the people who were caught in the disaster have captured the imaginations of millions of people across the world”。其中who were caught in the disaster是个定语从句修饰the people。经常有些强调句是将一个从句或者是带有从句的部分加以强调，增加了分析句子成分的难度。e.g.Its the days that we spent together in the holiday that make me unforgettable.Its the days when we got together in the holiday that make me unforgettable.(the days make me unforgettable)那些我们在假期一起度过的日子让我难忘。7But these bodies had left an impression in the ash that showed their exact shapes.译文但是这些在庞培古城中遇难的人的身体在火山灰中留下了遇难时的确切痕迹。（1）a. impression C （人、事件、经历等留下的) 印象；感想e.g.First impressions are often wrong.第一次得到的印象常常是靠不住的。What is your impression of him as a worker? (=Do you think he is good or bad?)对他作为一名工人，你的印象如何？b. leave/ make/ create an impression on/ upon（人、事件、经历等留下的) 印象；感想e.g.If the shop is untidy, it creates a bad impression on potential customers.商店如果不整洁，它会给有可能成为顾客的人造成一个坏印象。c. give an impression to 给留下印象；感想e.g.If the shop is untidy, it gives a bad impression to potential customers.商店如果不整洁，它会给有可能成为顾客的人留下一个坏印象。d. under