高中英语 Unit 22《Environmental Protection》学案4 北师大版选修8

高中英语 Unit 22Environmental Protection学案4 北师大版选修8类别课标要点重点单词1. vt. 使困住 2. vt.& vi.牺牲，献出3. vt. 主张，提倡 4. vt. 回收利用5. n. 代替品，代用品 6. vt. 依法没收，扣押7. n. 规模，大小 8. adj. 艰难的9. n. 方法 10. vt.& vi. 逃走11. n. 农业 12. n. 保留，存疑13. vt. 威胁 14. adj. 多变的trapsacrificeadvocaterecyclesubstituteseizescaleroughmeansfleeagriculturereservationthreatenchangeable重点单词15. n. 分离，分开 16. vt. 建造17. vt. 采用 18. adj. 想得周到的，体贴的19. vt. 削尖 20. vt. 计算，算出separationconstructadoptconsideratesharpencalculate 常用短语1. 摆脱，脱离2. 超出的控制；不受的3. 采取行动4. 对已产生的不良后果)负责任5. 要求结束 6. 代表7. 掠去，夺走 8. 总的来说9. 导致 10. 祝一切顺利break away frombeyond ones controltake actionanswer forcall for an end to sth.on somebodys behalfcarry offall in allresult inall the best典型句式1. these naturally occurring gases，the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的能量将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，而不适合生命的存在。2An even greater number of people live at risk， ，from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.从某种程度上来说，有更多的人处在地震的危险之中，在过去的几百年间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。3. this data，it seems that the link between human activities sand rising global temperature is not merely a coincidence.Withouttosomedegr eeGiven典型句式考虑到这个数据，看起来人类活动和正在上升的全球温度之间的联系就不仅仅是一个巧合了。4killing more than 226,000 people and millions .杀死了二十二万六千多人而且使成千上万的人无家可归。leavingadvocate vt. 提倡；主张advocate sth./doing sth.拥护；主张advocatethat从句从句中的谓语动词应用(should)动 词原形,homeless.Do you advocate keeping all children at school till the age of sixteen？你主张将义务教育延长至16岁吗？The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。advocate n提倡者；拥护者(尤指对某一主义或目的)an advocate of sb./sth.支持的人We are advocates of equal pay for men and women.我们都是提倡男女同酬者。1.句子翻译你主张接受他们的邀请吗？【答案】Do you advocate accepting their invitation?substitute n代替品；代用品；vt. 用代替；vi.替代；取代(1)a substitute for.的代替者a milk/meat substitute 代乳/肉制品(2)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代,You can substitute honey for sugar.你可以用蜂蜜代替糖。Bill substituted for Larry who was off sick.拉里因病没有上班，比尔顶替了他。 replace与substitute 用法比较replace多指以新换旧，以好换坏，常与介词with连用。replace A with B 用B替换Asubstitute 多指“暂时代替或代理”的意思，常与介词for连用。So even the olive wreath has been replaced!就连橄榄枝花环也被替代了！2 .It is wise of you to welltrained workers untrained ones in the assembly line.Asubstitute；for Bsubstitute；withCreplace；by Dreplace；with【答案】Arepresent v代表用做动词意为“代表，象征；表述，描绘；representative n代表人；adj.有代表性的represent.as把描述为represent to向说明，交涉be representative of.代表,集中地体现”等；名词为representation代理，表述。500 contestants representing 8 countries attended the competition.代表八个国家的五百名选手参加了本次比赛。The union represents the interests of the workers.工会代表工人的利益。This painting represents a storm at sea.这幅画表现的是海上风暴。The king is represented as a hero in the play.剧中国王的形象是一个英雄。stand for与represent用法比较：(1)stand for意为“代表；象征”；指符号或标志的意义，不可用于被动语态。(2)represent意为“表示，表达；代表，象征”；指同类人或事物中最典型的，可用于被动语态。CCTV stands for China Central Television Station.CCTV代表“中国中央电视台”。The country was represented at the conference by the Foreign Minister.代表那个国家出席会议的是外交部长。3.用represent的适当形式填空：(1)Mr Li was chosen to our school at the meeting.(2)Zhang Qiyue the government to give a talk at the congress.(3)The thirteen colonies that have announced independence are by the thirteen stars on the flag.(4)He will be of our class to sing at the school si【答案】(1)represent(2)stands for/represented(3)represented(4)representativegeneral n& adj.一般(的)；总的in general use普遍使用a general idea大意general knowledge常识a general manager总经理in generalin most casesgenerally speaking一般说来as a general rule 一般说来；通常,I dont give interviews as a general rule (usually)，but in this case Ill make an exception.通常我不接受采访，但这一次算是例外。In general，boys are more brave than girls.一般说来，男生比女生勇敢。common，usual，ordinary与general用法比较：(1)common是(几乎)所有的人或事物所共有的，常见的，普通的，有“习见习闻，并不高贵”的意思，指品质时，则为“低劣的”。(2)usual指由过去的经验可判断为正常或通常的，因此是按照预测发生的。(3)ordinary表示与一般事物的标准、品质、习俗相同，平凡而不特殊，着重平淡无奇。4.用common，usual，ordinary与general正确形式填空：(1)This is a very idiom.(2)This is a(n) event.(3)The two sisters have little in in their manners.(4)general是关联到同类中全部的、广泛的。He came to school early as usual.他照常早早到校了。(4)Thunder is the sign of a coming storm.(5)She is in a(n) dress.(6)Breast cancer is the most form of cancer among women in this country.(7)This opinion is among the population. world.(8)This was no meeting：it would change the future of the world.【答案】(1)common(2)ordinary(3)common(4)usual(5)ordinary(6)common(7)common；general(8)ordinary measure nC 计量单位，措施；U 尺寸；v.测量，斟酌make clothes to ones own measure量体裁衣take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做)take measures against sth.采取措施反对/制止,We must take measures against pollution.我们必须采取措施制止污染。Lets make a suit to your own measure.咱们给你量体裁衣。take action采取行动take steps采取步骤If you dont follow us，well take action.如果你不跟随我们，我们将采取行动。5.I realized strength and courage arent always in medals and victories，but in the struggles we overcome.Ameasured BpraisedCtested Dincreased【解析】从下文判断此处为作者认识到参赛的真正意义和评价选手的标准，“力量和勇气不是通过金牌和胜利来衡量的”。【答案】A cover v盖，掩盖，行过(路程)，报导，读；n.盖子，封面，封底，包皮cover sth.盖住cover.with.用盖住cover 30 pages读三十页cover an area of.占地面积为cover 2,000 li走了两千里cover a conference报导会议a cover for a pan锅盖under cover隐藏着under the cover of在的掩护下，趁着,We all know that lies can not cover facts.我们都知道谎言掩盖不了事实。He covered many things that we dont know.他报导了很多我们不知道的事情。They stopped for the night after covering a distance of 200 li.走了两百里之后，他们停下来准备过夜。uncover vt.揭开的盖子；揭露；发现Agents have uncovered a plot against the President.特工人员发现了一个反对总统的阴谋。6.How many pages have you so far？Can you return the book me tomorrow?Alooked；for Bseen；withCcovered；to Dturned；/【解析】cover在此表示“阅读”之意；读书不可用see或look。return sth.to sb.把某物归还某人。【答案】C7(2020年山东卷)Do you have enough to all your daily expenses?Oh yes，enough and to spare.Acover BspendCfill Doffer【解析】句意为：你有足够用以支付日常费用的钱吗？是的，足够并且还有节余的。【答案】A flee(fled，fled) vt.逃跑；逃走，逃避，消失；vi.逃离，逃走flee in disorder 狼狈逃窜flee(from) a place 逃离某地flee to a place 逃到某地,They fled the country to escape their debts.为了逃脱债务他们逃离了这个国家。They collected their valuables and fled.他们收拾好值钱的东西就逃了。escape和run away在表示逃离某地时，要在其后加from，而flee后可直接跟表示地点的宾语，也可与from连用再接表地点的名词。The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions，but few of them could escape from the village.敌兵四处逃窜，但很少能逃出村庄。8.When the war broke out in Irap，thousands of Iraqi their hometown and wandered about.Areturned BfledCleft for Descaped【答案】B reserve n保护区；储备(物)；(矿产等)储藏量；储备金a nature reserve 自然保护区in reserve 贮存without reserve毫无保留,Theres always beautiful scenery in nature reserves.自然保护区总有很好的风景。reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订(座位等)reserve sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预定The money must be reserved for emergencies.钱必须留到紧急的时候用。9.The Sunshine Hotel.Can I help you?Yes.I want to a room facing south.Aorder BreserveCmake Darrange【答案】Bfire n& vi.火，开火on fire 着火；非常激动；充满热情set.on fireset fire to sth.点燃fire a gun at 向开枪,Who set fire to the house last night?昨晚是谁放火烧的房子？These students are on fire for what they learn in the computer class.这些 学生对计算机课上学的东西充满热情。catch fire与on fire用法比较：catch fire和on fire都表示“着火”。前者强调动作；后者强调状态，可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用。The house caught fire half an hour ago.房子是半个小时以前着火的。10.How long has the house ？A whole night.Acaught fire Bbeen on fireCbeen set fire Dmade fire【解析】on fire着火(状态)；catch fire着火(动作)；set fire放火；make fire生火。【答案】Bclaim v声称；要求；认领claim sth.声称某事；需要某物claim thatclause声称claim to do sth.声称要做某事claim for sth.为索赔claim on the insurance向保险公司索赔claim payment from sb.要求某人付款claim sth.back要求归还某物It is claimed that.据称,After the battle both sides claimed victory.战斗之后，双方都宣称取得了胜利。She claimsthat.she is related to the Queento be related to the Queen.她自称与王后有亲戚关系。claim可用作可数名词，意为“(根据权利而提出的)要求，请求；认领；主张；声称”。put in/make a claim for.要求得到drop ones claim放弃要求lay claim to.声称是自己的，以自称press ones claim on.向提出强烈要求He made a claim for higher salary.他们要求提高薪水。11.She claimed 500 dollars him injuries suffered.11.She claimed 500 dollars him injuries suffered.Afor；of Bfrom；ofCfrom；for Dfor；from【解析】本题考查claim的用法。由题干可判断出句子的意思应为“ 她向他索取500美元的伤害赔偿费。”表达“向某人索取钱款”这一意思时，claim应与from搭配。表达“因为而索赔”时，应用介词for，所以答案应为C。【答案】Cthreaten vt.恐吓；威胁；预示(危险)threaten sb.with sth.用某事/物威胁某人threaten to do sth.恐吓说要做某事threaten rain/a storm预示着有雨/风暴threaten to rain/snow预示着要下雨/雪,They broke my windows and threatened me.他们砸碎我的窗子并威胁我。Several film directors are threatened with videos by an ordinary actress named Zhang Yu.一些电视导演受到一个普通女演员张钰提供的录像带的威胁。A storm was threatening.暴风雨即将来临。The clouds threatened rain.乌云密布预示大雨将至。threat n恐吓；威胁；恶兆threatening adj.恐吓的Thats a threat to the whole country.那是国家的祸根。He received a threatening letters last night.昨晚他收到一封恐吓信。12.完成句子(1) (危险逼近时) we must all be on guard.(2)Your present behavior (预示着你不会通过即将到来的考试)(3)His father (威胁说要揍他) if he stole again.(4)The whole country (正面临) starvation.【答案】(1)While danger threatens(2)threatens your failure in the coming tests(3)threatened to beat him(4)is threatened withtotal n总数；adj.总的；v.合计a total of总共in total合计；共计(altogether)total (up) to总额为(add up to),A total of 20,000 people visited the castle on the first day when it was open to the public.城堡对公众开放的第一天，总共有两万人前来参观。There were probably about 40 people there in total.那里总共可能有40人左右。the number of的数量add up累计起来；add to增加(困难、友谊等)The new building will add to the beauty of our school.新大楼会使我校更美。The number of our students is increasing.我们的学生人数在增加。13.完成句子His whole school education (总共仅有两年时间)【答案】totaled (added) up to no more than two years effort n努力put more effort into sth.更加努力干某事make a good (every/an) effort to do sth.do all sb.can to do sth.尽一切努力做某事spare no effort不遗余力without effort毫不费力,He must put more effort into his work.他必须更加努力工作。I will make every effort to arrive on time.我将尽一切努力准时到达。They lifted the heavy rock without effort.他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头举起来了。do/try ones best 尽力Ill try my best to help you out.我会尽力帮你摆脱困境。14.The rescue team made every to find the missing mountain climber.Aforce BenergyCeffort Dpossibility【解析】句意为“救援队尽一切努力找到了失踪的登山队员”。make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力干某事。【答案】C call for大声呼叫；需要；去接人call at (visit)访问(某地)call on (upon)拜访(某人)call on sb.to do sth.号召某人干某事call up (telephone)给某人打电话call in去请来，去叫来call off取消，停止,Success calls for hard work.成功需要付出努力。Lets go to the night school together.Ill call for you at six.咱们一起去夜校吧，六点我来叫你。This calls for a celebration！这就该庆贺一下啦！We called at his house，but there was nobody in.我们顺路去了他的家，可没有人在那儿。I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.现在请主席致辞。make a phone call打电话answer the Partys call响应党的号召ring sb.(up) 给某人打电话Please ring her up and tell her the news.请给她打电话告知这个消息。15.He is unfit for the job，which patience and creativeness.Acalls at Bcalls onCcalls up Dcalls for【解析】句意为“他不适合这份工作。做这份工作需要有耐心和创造力”。【答案】D refer to提到；提及；涉及；查阅；参考refer.to.把提交给；把归于refer to.as 把看做,Does your remark refer to all of us?你的评论是针对我们所有的人吗？Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability？一些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不认为是缺乏能力。refer to与look up用法比较：look up和refer to都可作“查阅”讲，但动宾搭配不同；refer to a dictionary for sth./look sth.up in a dictionaryRefer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.不知道怎样拼写单词时可以查词典。 16.Its foolish of him to his notes in the English test.Alead to Bstick toCrefer to Dbelong to【答案】Cbreak away from 离开，逃脱；断绝与的联系break away from bad habits 摆脱坏习惯break away from the Union 脱离联帮,The criminal broke away from the policeman who had held him.罪犯从押着他的那个警察手中逃脱了。It was wrong for him to break away from all his old friends.他同所有的老朋友断绝往来，这是错误的。break down 分解；出故障；(健康)垮掉；(精神)崩溃break up 解散；结束；破裂break in 插嘴，打断break into 强行进入break out (战争、火灾)突然爆发break through 突破Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻破裂了。Your health will break down if you work too hard.你工作过度会损害健康。A fire broke out last night.昨晚发生了一起火灾。17.A quarrel ，which made him his family.Awas broken out；break awayBbroke out；break away fromCwas broken away；break outDbroke out；to break away from【答案】B18(2020年四川卷)How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except that our car twice on the way.Aslowed down Bbroke downCgot down Dput down【解析】句意为：峨眉山之游感觉如何啊？其他都很好，就是我们的车抛锚了两次。slow down放慢(速度)，(使)减速；break down损坏，(健康等)垮掉，崩溃；get down下来，写下，使沮丧；put down记下。【答案】BWhat I dont understand is why people want to kill them.我不能理解的是人们为什么要杀死它们。本句中包含一个主语从句，这个从句是由what引导的，what在主语从句中作understand的宾语，相当于the thing that.。What we should do is to start using renewable sources of energy.我们应该做的事是开始利用可更新的能源。You may do whatever you like.你可以想做什么就做什么。I dont know when he will arrive.我不知道他什么时候到达。Who will attend the meeting is very important.谁将要参加会议这是很重要的。引导名词性从句除了用what之外，还可用连接代词(which，whose，who，whichever，whoever，whatever，whomever等)和连接副词(when，where，how，why等)；连接代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，而连接副词在句子中作状语。所以名词性从句引导词的选择取决于两个因素：(1)连接词在从句中的成分。(2)句意。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论是谁触犯法律都要受到惩罚。上句中引导词在从句中作break的主语，所以应用whoever。 19.(2020年陕西卷) parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children.AThat BWhichCWhat DAs【答案】CWithout these naturally occurring gases，the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的能量将会被反射回太