高中英语 Unit 3 Going places 人教版第一册知识精讲VIP

高一英语Unit 3 Going places人教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：Unit 3 Going places（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型（四）语法：现在进行时表将来二知识精讲（一）重点单词：1. consider: vt “考虑”例：You had better consider that plan.你最好考虑一下那个计划。Have you considered what you should do next?你考虑过下一步该做什么吗？He considers buying a new car.他考虑买一辆新车。意思是“认为”时，通常构成consider as 或consider sb. to be ，意为“把看作”或“认为是”。例：He considered me (as) his best friend.他把我看作他最要好的朋友。You cant consider him (to be ) an honest man.你不能认为他是一个老实人。2. means: n. 方法，手段，工具 （单复数同形）例：A train is a means of transportation.火车是一种交通工具。I took all possible means.我试过一切可能的方法。There is / are no means of getting there.没有办法可以到达那里。 Every possible means _ to save the boy.A. has been tried B. have been tried C. has tried D. have tried常构成的短语：The poor old man made a living by means of begging.那位可怜的老人靠乞讨来谋生。 Do you mind if I have a look? By no means.“我看一眼行吗？” “当然可以。”Finish it by all means.无论如何都要完成。I am by no means satisfied with my present income.我对目前的收入一点儿也不满意。3. experience : vt. 体验，经历例：They want to experience life in the country.他们想去农村体验生活。China has experienced a lot of changes in the past 30 years.在过去的30年中，中国经历了很大的变化。n.C“经历，阅历，经历过的事”Our journey was quite an unforgettable experience.我们的旅行可谓是一段难忘的经历。U “经验，体验”Does she have much experience in teaching ?她教学经验丰富吗？experienced adj. 有经验的，有见识的，熟练的She is experienced in looking after children.她照看孩子十分有经验。Shes very young and not very experienced.她很年轻，还不太老练。即学即用：Telling you about _ in America will do good to you.A. my experience B. my experiences C. an experience D. experience答案：B4. equipment : n. 装备，设备 （不可数名词）表示数量时可以用a piece of “一件”或 a set of “一套”修饰。例：The school has bought a piece of equipment for the school hospital.学校为校医院购买了一件新设备。动词形式：equip 表示“装备，配备”主要搭配为：equip with “给配备”常用被动形式 be equipped with“配备上了”例：His car is equipped with air conditioning.他的汽车装了空调。He equipped himself with a map.他随身带着一张地图。5. Hiking is fun and exciting. 徒步旅行很有趣，并且让人觉得刺激。fun 意为 “娱乐，玩笑，有趣的人或事” 是不可数名词。例：Tom is great fun.汤姆是个很有趣的人。 Im going on a holiday Have fun!我要去度假。祝你玩得愉快。What fun the children had at the seaside！孩子们在海边玩得多开心啊！由fun 构成的词组：make fun of : 嘲笑，取笑for / in fun : 开玩笑地，非认真地for the fun of it : 开玩笑地，非认真地注：funny 是形容词，意为“滑稽可笑的，好笑的”6. unless : 意为“除非，如果不（if not）”,侧重于条件和结果的关系。在其引导的条件状语从句中，要用现在时来代替将来时，主句仍用将来时。You will fail in the exam unless you work hard at your study.如果你不努力学习，考试就会不及格。Dont come unless I phone .如果我不打电话，你就别来。即学即用：It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health.A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if7. normal: adj. 正常的，正规的，标准的例：The heavy traffic is normal at this time of day.一天的这个时候交通拥挤是正常的。The skater hasnt received normal training.这名滑冰者并没有接受正规的训练。His weight is normal for his age.他的体重按他的年龄来说是标准的。还可作不可数名词，意思是“常态，正常，标准”Things have retuned to normal.事情已恢复常态。8. separate : adj. 单独的，分离的，个别的There are many separate rooms in this hotel.这个宾馆有很多单间。They are going on separate holidays.他们要分别去度假。separated 也可作形容词，但只作表语。The twins got separated after they were born.那对双胞胎在出生后就分开了。He is separated from his wife.他和妻子分居了。vt.& vi. 使分开，使脱离，分手 常与from搭配They walked a mile together and then separated.他们一起走了一英里，然后就分开了。England is separated from France by the Channel.英国和法国之间隔着英吉利海峡。（二）重点短语：1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.不待在车上，宾馆里或坐在海滩上度假，你可能想去远足。instead of 意思是“取代，代替，而不” 是一个介词短语。Instead of John, it was Peter who moved in.搬进来的不是约翰，而是彼得。Lets play cards instead of watching television.咱们玩纸牌吧，别看电视了。He went there on foot instead of by bus.他是步行去那儿的，不是乘车。区别：insteadinstead 是副词，需单独使用，可用在句首或句尾。I wont go to the meeting. He will go instead.我不参加会议，而是他去参加。Weve no coffee. Would you like tea instead?我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好么？即学即用：Instead _ to the concert, he went to an exhibition.A. to go B. of going C. for going D. he went答案：B try doing：“试一试，试做（看有何效果）”She tried cooking fish in a new way.她尝试用一种新的方法做鱼。try to do ：“设法，努力做”He is trying hard to give up smoking.他正努力戒烟。2. Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes or poisonous plants.注意躲避危险物，如蜘蛛、蛇或者有毒的植物。 watch out (for) = look out (for) 意为“当心，提防”例：Watch out ! There is a car coming. 当心！有车来了。Watch out for that man. 要提防那个人。danger：名词，意为“危险”，是不可数名词。常构成短语 in danger “处在危险中”或out of danger “脱离危险”。但是具体到指危险的人或物时，是可数名词。例：The wounded soldier was in danger. 受伤的战士处于危险中。Police said the man is a danger to the public.警方说这个人对公众来说是个危险分子。Smoking is a serious danger to health.吸烟严重危害健康。3. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.生态旅游可以找到既帮助人们，又帮助动植物的途径。 way“方式，方法，手段”，后面通常跟to do 或 of doing 来作后置定语。例：Im not happy with this way of working.我不喜欢这种工作方式。Thats not the right way to hold a pair of scissors.那样拿剪刀不对。 as well as : 是并列连词，意为“不仅而且，既又”例：I study German as well as French.我不仅学法语而且学德语。They sell books as well as newspapers.他们既卖报也卖书。注：as well as 连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与as well as前面的那个名词或代词的人称和数相一致。 Your brother as well as you is very kind to me.你和你哥哥都对我很好。4. Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.戴顶帽子以防阳光暴晒。protect sb./sth. from 保护免于其中from 可用against 替换。本单元其他一些重要短语：get away from 逃离be/get close to 接近，靠近as with 正如，正像go on a holiday 去度假be off (to) 外出（去）see sb. off 给某人送行say “Hi/Hello” to sb. for me 代我向某人问好as well as 也，还，而且combine with 把和结合起来on the other hand 另一方面（三）重点长句剖析：1. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams.木筏就像小船，可以用来划行，顺溪流而下。2. If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks.如果你想进行普通的木筏旅行，可选择水下倒伏的树木或礁石都不多的平缓宽阔的溪流。分析：这两个句子中分别用了定语从句。第一句中的从句修饰先行词“a small boat”；第二句中的从句修饰先行词“a quiet stream or river”。引导词that 在从句中分别作的是宾语和主语。3. The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. 之所以称之为“白水”，是因为这样一个事实，即：湍急的水流迅速移动时看上去是白色的。分析：在这句话中，that 引导的是一个同位语从句，解释the fact 的内容。其中引导词that 在从句中只起连接作用，本身没有词义，也不表将来任何成分。（四）语法讲解：现在进行时1. 现在进行时的基本用法是表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作，可与now, at present, at this moment, these days 等时间状语连用，也可不用时间状语。 He is studying now, dont make such noise, please.他正在学习，别弄出那样的响动好么？ George is translating a book these days.乔治这些天在翻译一本书。（此动作并不一定是在说话人说话的时刻的进行，而是在包括说话时刻在内的一段时间当中进行。） He is doing his homework this morning.他今天上午一直在做作业。2. 先来看一下预习导引：How are you getting to the airport? Is anybody seeing you off ?你打算怎么去机场？有人送你吗？The president is leaving for a visit to America next month.下个月总统要去访问美国。We are having an English evening tonight.今晚我们要开一个英语晚会。How long are you staying in Xian?你将在西安待多久？go, come, do, start, have, get, make, stay, leave, arrive, meet, return, begin, take, move, fly, drive, take off, see off 等少量动词，有时可用它们的现在进行时表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（往往有一个表示未来的时间状语），即表示将来时。 What are you doing this evening? 你今天晚上准备干什么？ The plane is taking off in an hour. 飞机将在一小时后起飞。 He is dying soon. 他很快就要死了。 Because the shop is closing down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.因为商店要关闭，所有的T恤衫以半价销售。3. My plane leaves at seven, so I think well take a taxi.飞机七点起飞，所以我觉得我们要打的去。一般现在时也可表将来时。通常是指根据规定或时刻表预计将要发生的动作，并常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 When does the summer vacation begin?暑假什么时候开始？ The train leaves at 8 tonight.火车今晚8点发车。注：if, unless, even if等引导的条件状语从句或when，until，till，before，after，as soon as, each time, the moment 等引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来时。 Unless you try, you will never succeed.你若不尝试，就绝不会成功。 Next time I go there, Ill ask him about it.下次我去那儿时，我会问问他这件事。【典型例题】1. What are you going to do this evening? We are considering _ and it is considered _ a good idea.A. going swimming, to be B. to go swimming, beingC. going swimming, being D. to go swimming, to be2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some money on his own.A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away3. _ there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time.A. Because B. If C. When D. Unless4. When we _ after a long talk, we found the children sleeping in _ beds.A. separated, separate B. separated, separatedC. separate, separate D. separate , separated5. _ it is that we will make a visit to the beautiful mountain!A. What a fun B. How fun C. What fun D. How a fun6. Offices cant work properly _ certain modern _.A. without , equipments B. without, pieces of equipmentC. unless, equipments D. unless, pieces of equipment7. The father, as well as three children _ skating every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going8. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten our seat belts. The plane _ .A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off9. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken10. My uncle _ for Qingdao tomorrow. Ive got to know when the train _.A. leaves, starts B. will leave, is to start C. is leaving, is starting D. is leaving, starts答案：ADDAC BCBADUnit 4预习导学（一）重点单词、短语预习：单词：unforgettable adj. 难忘的host vt. 主办或主持某活动n. 主人scare vt. 恐吓 vi. 受惊吓finally adv. 最后，终于disaster n. 灾难，灾祸rescue n.& vt. 援救，营救advance vt.&vi.前进，提前n. 前进，提升seize vt. 抓住，逮住，夺取swallow vt. 咽，淹没，吞没n. 吞咽，燕子drag vt.拖，拖拽struggle n.&vi. 努力，挣扎，奋斗fight（fought, fought）vi. 搏斗，斗争，争吵flow n.&vi. 流动fright n. 惊骇，吃惊shake (shook, shaken) n.&vi. 震动，颤抖vt. 摇动，摇strike（struck, struck/stricken）vt.&vi.击打，打动destroy vt.摧毁，毁坏national adj.国家的，民族的deadline n. 截止时间，最终期限fear n.& v. 害怕，担心opportunity n. 机会，时机article n. 文章，论文touch vt.&vi. 触摸，（使）接触，感动n. 接触，联系naughty adj.顽皮的，淘气的短语：1. take place 发生2. be caught in 被困在3. for fun 开玩笑地，非认真地4. think twice 仔细考虑5. be upon 逼近，临近6. pull up 把往上拽7. hold onto 抓住，握住，固守8. get on ones feet 站起来9. fight for 为而战10. look into 注视，调查11. go through 通过，经受，仔细查看12. seize the opportunity 抓住机会（二）句型剖析：观察下列句型，试着归纳总结其用法：1. Flora heard somebody shouting.hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人在做某事2. She looked around and saw Jeff running.see sb. doing sth. 看到某人在做某事3. She saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.that引导一限制性定语从句修饰先行词water.4. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.whose引导一非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Flora.【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）. 单项填空：（10-15分钟）1. All the staff in our company are considering _ to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone2. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother.A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing3. _ other developing countries, China need bring in advanced technology from developed countries.A. As B. As with C. As if D. Like the case4. The water in this river is _ , you cant drink it.A. poisonous B. poison C. danger D. in danger5. Some steps have been taken to protect the river _.A. from being polluted B. from polluting C. to pollute D. to be polluted6. Did you walk to school this morning ? No, we went by bus _.A. instead of feet B. instead walking C. instead of on foot D. instead on foot7. Whats the news? The radio says that the rainfall of this season has been above _.A. normal B. common C. ordinary D. usual8. George has been compared with Peter. Do you know their _ ?A. combinations B. popularities C. equalities D. similarities9. Im going back to see my parents in Shanghai. _.A. Its very nice f youB. Say good-bye to themC. See you soon . ByeD. Say “Hello” to them for me10. My interests include football, bowling and surfing the web _ studying my favorite subjects.A. instead of B. as well as C. less that D. rather than11. Watch out _ cars when you are crossing the road.A. at B. for C. of D. to12. Tom _ two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A. as well as, was B. as good as, wereC. and, have D. as well, has been13. My grandmothers 80th birthday is _.A. in two weeks time B. in two weeks timeC. two weeks away D. two weeks time14. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used15. As is known to all, _ tiger is a fierce animal in _ nature.A. the, a B. the, C. a, the D. the, the*.完形填空：（1520分钟）Suppose you lived in the United States and wanted to go from the Mississippi River to the Pacifica Ocean. If you wanted to go by 1 , you could make the trip in a few 2 . If you wanted to go by train, you could make the trip in 3 .If you wanted to go by 4 , you could make the trip in a week or less. It would take 5 if you had to walk, go on horseback or by boat.But the first men to cross North America went 6 . It took them a year and a half to go from St. Louis, Missouri, to the Pacific Ocean. They had to 7 their own supplies with them. There were 8 roads to follow, and rivers were often 9 .Meriwether Lewis and William Clark 10 the expedition(远征). Forty five men left 11 on May 8,1804. They traveled 12 the Missouri River 13 .By late autumn the men 14 the land of the Manda Indians. In 15 of 1805, the men started up the Missouri River again.At last they 16 a place where the river met three forks (分岔). They followed one of the 17 , the Jefferson River, but the river soon became too small and they _18_ use their boats. They 19 many miles before they reached the land of the Shoshone Indians. These Indians gave them 20 for their trip over the Rocky Mountains. In November of 1906, after a long and hard trip, they reached the Pacific Ocean.1. A. plane B. train C. car D. ship2. A. seconds B. hoursC. minutes D. months3. A. 5hours B. 8 daysC. 300 minutes D. 2 days4. A. truck B. car C. plane D. train5. A. much longer B. shorter C. as long D. less long6. A. in a quick way B. by car C. by bike D. in a slow way7. A. send B. drag C. carry D. buy8. A. some B. no C. many D. several9. A. dangerous B. short C. narrow D. fast10. A. helped B. followed C. led D. objected to11. A. the Pacific Ocean B. Canada C. Mississippi D. St. Louis12. A. up B. down C. along D. through13. A. in boats B. in cars C. in buses D. on horseback14. A. left B. went to C. reached D. got away from15. A. the early autumn B. the spring C. the summer D. July16. A. heard of B. came to C. talked about D. dreamed of17. A. rivers B. roads C. forks D. ways18. A. could no longer B. could only C. still could D. could19. A. sailed B. swam C. drove D. walked20. A. cars B. trucks C. horses D. boats. 阅读理解（15-20分钟）（一）Americans like to travel on their yearly holiday. Today, more and more travelers in the United States are spending nights at small houses or inns (客栈)instead of hotels. They get a room for the night and the breakfast the next morning.Rooms for the night in private (私人的)homes with breakfast have been popular with travelers in Europe for many years. In the past five to ten years, these bed-and-breakfast places have become popular in the United States. Many of these Americas bed-and-breakfast inns are old historic buildings. Some bed-and-breakfast inns have only a few rooms; others are much larger. Some inns do not provide telephones or televisions in the rooms, others do.Staying at a bed-and-breakfast inn is much different from staying at a hotel. Usually the cost is much less. Staying at an inn is almost like visiting someones home. The owners are glad to tell about the areas and the interesting places to visit. Many vacationers say that they enjoy the chance to meet local families.1. Staying at the bed-and-breakfast inns,_.A. the travelers neednt pay anythingB. the travelers dont have to pay for the telephone or televisionC. the travelers can meet and talk with the local peopleD. the owners will show the travelers around the area2. Why do American travelers prefer staying at bed-and-breakfast inns?A. It is like visiting someones homeB. The money they spend there is much less.C. They can meet local families.D. All of the above3. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. European and American vacationers like staying at bed-and-breakfast inns.B. All Americans enjoy travelling.C. These bed-and-breakfast inns are all old historic buildingsD. Staying at a bed-and-breakfast inn is just like at the travelers home.（二）Good afternoon, and