高中英语 Unit1 sporting events-grammar学案 上海牛津版S2A

Unit1 sporting events-Grammar学案一、快捷识记A. adverbial phrases and clauses of purpose目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的。目的状语从句可以由表示“为了， 以便”的so that(有时省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引导(lest， for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should动词原形”的虚拟语气形式； in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气， 但也可用陈述语气)。例如：1.They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身， 以便及时到达。2.She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记， 以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。3.He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊， 以便别人能听见。4.I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声， 以免打搅你。5. He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他认真学习， 以免考不及格6.Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞， 以防下雨。如果表示“为了， 以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句， 注意体会以下例句：1. He hurried through his work in order to catch the train. 他匆匆干完手中的活， 为的是能赶上火车。2.I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研究一下。3.The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放， 以防作弊。4.I came so early as to catch the first train. 我起得早， 以便能赶上头班火车。B. Adverbial phrases and clauses of concession表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”的让步状语从句的用法1. although， though， even though， even if都表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”之意， though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)， even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如：1.Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。2.Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。3.Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他们可能不会成功， 但他们仍努力尝试。The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短， 但很重要。4.He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一点了， 虽仍未痊愈。5.Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨， 她也是走着去工作的。6.Ill visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我将去拜访他， 即使我只能停留一小会儿。【注意】： though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊， 它可以倒装， 也可以不倒装， 具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、 即使、 尽管”， 其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构， as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为： 形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词， 有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、 形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词as主语谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句：1.Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起， 到头来却成了一个坏榜样。2.Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐， 却是真的。3.Rich as he is, he is not happy. 虽然他很富有， 但他并不幸福。4.Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子， 他却能分辨黑白。5.Brave (a) man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢， 可见到蛇还是发抖。6.Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. 尽管伤势很重， 他仍然十分乐观。7.Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. 虽然尽了最大努力， 但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。表示“无论, 不管”的让步状语从句的用法表示“无论， 不管”的让步状语从句的引导词在含义上各有侧重， 学习其用法时要分别进行把握。1. “no matter疑问词”或“带后缀ever的疑问词”可以表示“不管”的含义， 引导让步状语从句(前一结构所表示的语气要稍强于后一结构)， 例如：1）However (= No matter how) much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem. 无论怎么努力， 我还是解不出这道数学题。2） However (=No matter how) hard he may try, he will not attain his goal. 无论怎样努力， 他都达不到他的目标。3）Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么， 我也绝不改变主意。4） Whenever (=No matter when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed. 不论什么时候来， 你都会受到热烈欢迎。5）Wherever (=No matter where) you go, you will find the same thing. 无论到哪里， 你都会发现同样的事情。6）Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you have no right to do such a thing. 不管你是谁， 你都无权做这种事。2. “whether. or.”可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句， 意为“不管”。例如：1）I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你来还是留在家中， 我都要去。2） Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance. 不管是赢是输， 这都是她的最后一次机会。3）Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of the tube and let it happen. 不管我们喜欢不喜欢某条新闻， 我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前任其播放。二、 随堂过关1.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. (2020北京)A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that2. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. (2020)A. because B. so that C. even if D. as3. Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. (2020北京)A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case4.I shall stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child.(2000上海春)A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since5. We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. (2020辽宁)A. since B. although C. until D. before6. _ most of the earths surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. (2020上海春)A. As B. Once C. If D. Although7. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. (2020)A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although8. Although he is considered a great writer, _. (1991)A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read9. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. (2020辽宁)A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as10. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. (2020浙江)A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that11. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. (2020湖南)A.until B. even if C. unless D.as though12. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2020重庆)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student13. _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. (2001上海)A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much14. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2020重庆)A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound15.This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, _. (2020陕西)A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may costC. however much it may cost D. how may it cost16. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. (2020天津)A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although17. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (2020上海春)A. However the story is amusingB. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the story is amusing18. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. (2020浙江)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever19. Dad, Ive finished my assignment. Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. (2020上海)A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matterAnswers:1.答案 D解析 so that表示希望实现的目的。2.答案 B解析 so that表示希望实现的目的。3. 答案 D解析 “you lock yourself out one day”是应该避免出现的结果， 下划线处应选用in case， 引导目的状语从句, 表示“以免”。4. 答案 A解析 题干意为： 我将整天在旅店里呆着， 以防有丢失孩子的消息。本题应选in case引导目的状语从句表示“以防”.5. 答案 B解析 下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反， 四个选项中although表示“即便”， 引导让步状语从句最为合适。6. 答案 D解析 句意为： 虽然地球表面覆盖着水， 但是纯净水仍然很稀有、 珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 填入although最为合适。7. 答案 D解析 下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 填入although最为合适。8. 答案 A解析 英语不允许在连词although、 though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词， 如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义， 可以在主句的句首加上yet、 still等副词。例如： Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 虽然她很有钱， 但是她并不快乐。本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调， 因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可， 不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词)。注意： 本题中的works指“作品、 著作”， 例如表达“莎士比亚的作品”可以用“the works of Shakespeare”。9. 答案C解析 下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 四个选项中只有even though可以引导让步状语从句。10. 答案C解析 “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反， 四个选