高中英语Unit 2 Robots-reading

Unit 2 Robots-reading教材分析和教材重组教材分析本单元的话题为“机器人”、“科幻文学作品”和“科幻小说作家”，内容主要涉及著名的科幻小说作家艾萨克阿西莫夫的生平简介和他所创作的有关机器人的科幻小说。通过本单元的语言技能训练，要求学生学会正确使用英语的推测和确信的表达法。1. Warming Up 先介绍机器人的制造、种类、功能等，再让学生分组列表，把自己所熟悉的科幻文艺形式（科幻故事、电影、电脑游戏、电视剧、卡通）写出来，并进行简单的交流。2. Pre-reading 设计了四幅图三个问题，都是关于机器人的。通过看图分组讨论，为本单元Reading部分的精彩故事做好了铺垫。3. Reading 是一篇科幻小说，讲述某公司试验机器人托尼的故事。托尼来到克莱尔的家，帮助她做家务，为她排忧解难，不但使她的家变得更有品位，同时也帮助克莱尔克服心理上的障碍、重塑自身形象。更不可思议的是，在三周的试验期内，机器人托尼竟让克莱尔对他产生了感情上的依恋！故事细致入微地显露了克莱尔矛盾恍惚的内心世界，栩栩如生地描绘了托尼某些富有人性化的细节，这种亦真亦幻的故事情节充分反映出科幻文学作品的独特魅力，引起学生的极大兴趣。4. Comprehending 设计了问题回答和分组填表两项活动，帮助学生进一步理解这篇科幻小说。5. Learning about Language 包括两项内容：对阅读部分的词汇做针对性的训练，通过练习帮助学生掌握这些词汇；复习被动语态和不定式的被动形式。6. Using Language安排了听和读两个语篇对学生进行听说读写的语言综合训练。可分为两项活动：第一项活动先听两位女士在读完科幻故事之后的对话，要求听两遍录音做练习1，2；练习3、4、5是帮助学生掌握有关“推测和确信”（Supposition and belief）表达法。练习3是通过听对话，引导学生使用这些用语；练习5安排了四项任务，引导学生先列表、绘图、写短文说明，这些任务都是围绕自己设计的机器人展开的。第二项活动是阅读理解和讨论，阅读短文的内容是著名的美国科幻小说作家艾萨克阿西莫夫的生平简介。读后有三项练习。练习1要求学生在读完短文的基础上填空，完成艾萨克阿西莫夫生平编年表。练习2、3是对艾萨克阿西莫夫提出的开发机器人三条规则进行讨论。教材重组1. 将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。2. 将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。3. 将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。4. 将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。5. 将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。课时分配1st Period Reading2nd Period Language study3rd Period Integrating skills()4th Period Listening and Speaking5th Period Integrating skills() Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(Satisfaction Guaranteed)AimsTo help students develop their reading abilityTo help students learn about robotsProceduresI. Warming up by getting to know: What is a robot?Robotics is the science of studying and creating robots. It is a very broad and interesting science, because like humans, robots have many fascinating aspects. It is also a new science. Although people have been imagining and writing stories about robots for many years, robotics has been a real science only since the 1970sWhy do we need robots? First, they are hardworking and reliable. They can do dangerous work or work that is very boring or tiring for humans. They can work around the clock without complaining and without needing rest, food or vacations. And robots can go places that humans can not, such as the surface of Mars, deep under the ocean or inside the radioactive parts of a nuclear power plant.II. Pre-readingTalking about the three Laws of RoboticsAccording to Isaac Asimov, the Three Laws of Robotics are:1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.III. Reading for formsRead the text Satisfaction Guaranteed again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.IV. Copying expressions and writing articlesYou are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. You may write your own short articles using these expressions.Expressions from Satisfaction Guaranteedmake robots生产机器人, experiment with做试验, do the housework做家务, test out试验, be absent for three weeks三周不在, persuadethat说服, allow to do允许做， feel alarmed感到吃惊, look like a machine看上去像一个机器, at all根本、全然, facial expressions面部表情, on the second morning在第二天早上, feel embarrassed感到尴尬, look so human看上去很人性化, feel very unhappy感到不高兴, improve ones social position提高某人的社会地位, one of the richest and most powerful women around远近闻名的有钱有势的女人之一, please sb by通过做取悦某人, make elegant使优雅, borrow a pile of books from the library从图书馆借了一堆书, turn each page翻每一页, reach for竭力想得到, change the makeup改变了化妆, accompany to和一起去, write out a list of items for写了一份的清单, go into a dress shop进了一家衣服店, be rude to对粗鲁, ring up打电话, change ones attitude改变态度, turn around转身 the amused and surprised look on ones face脸上有趣有惊讶的表情, have an affair有风流韵事, after all毕竟, get home到家, weep with anger因为生气而哭, inviteto the house邀请到家里, expectto be completely transformed期待大变样, work steadily on有条不紊地做, fall off a ladder从梯子上掉下来, in time及时, holdfirmly in ones arms把紧紧地搂在怀里, feel the warmth of ones body感到身上的热气, pushaway推开, at that moment在那一刻, fold ones arms around搂着, bend ones face close to把脸贴近, cry out大叫, more than 不仅仅, disappear from sight消失, open the curtains打开窗帘, whisper to对低语, have such a handsome lover有一位英俊的情人, all night整夜, drive up驱车, takeaway带走, be pleased with 对感到满意, report on关于的报告, protectfrom harm保护免遭伤害, preventfrom阻止做, sense of failure失败感, fall in love with爱上V. Questioning and answeringNow lets go over the text again by questioning and answering.Satisfaction GuaranteedA: What did Larry Belmont work for?B: Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.A: What was the company experimenting with recently?B: Recently it was experimenting with a robot that could be used to do the housework.A: By whom was it going to be tested out?B: It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire.A: Why didnt Claire want the robot in her house?B: Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeksA: How did Claire feel when she first saw the robot?B: When she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.A: What was the robot like?B: The robot, called Tony, didnt look like a machine at all. He was tall and handsome although his facial expressions never changed. His hair was smooth and black and his voice was deep.A: What did the robot do the second morning?B: On the second morning Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.A: How did Claire react?B: She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.A: What did Claire mention one day?B: One day, Claire mentioned that she didnt think she was clever.A: And what did Tony, the robot, say to her?B: Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.A: How did Claire feel about a robots sympathy?B: Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.VI. Reading the text again to discover the leading sentence of each paragraphSatisfaction Guaranteed1. A robot used to do the housework was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire.2. The robot, called Tony, didnt look like a machine at all.3. It was disturbing and frightening to Claire that Tony looked so human.4. But Claire began to trust Tony.5. Tony wanted to please Claire by helping her make herself and her home elegant.6. Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore.7. Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.8. Tony worked steadily on the improvements.9. Tony folded his arms around Claire, bending his face close to hers.10. Claire might not be as beautiful as those women, but none of them had such a handsome lover.11. Then she remembered Tony was just a machine.12. The company was very pleased with Tonys report on his three weeks with Claire.VII. Closing down by reading a robot poemMy Robot Does My HomeworkMy robot does my homework.He helps me every night.The trouble is he doesnt gettoo many answers right.Hed probably do betterat homework but, you see,I built him, so he only knowsthe things he learned from me.-Kenn NesbittAdditional MaterialsComplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.Satisfaction GuaranteedLarry, Claires husband who worked for a company that made 1_, would be 2_ for three weeks. He left a robot called Tony to his wife to 3_ out whether he was good enough. When Claire first saw the robot, she felt 4_. He was tall and handsome. He looked so 5_ and when she was asked whether she needed help dressing, she felt 6_.One day, Claire 7_ that she didnt think she was clever and her home werent 8_ enough. It was 9_ that Tony offered sympathy and help to her. Claire borrowed a pile of books for him to 10_. She was 11_ by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin. She cant help 12_ for his hand. She told him that he was a “dear” but he was not 13_ to accompany her to the shops. Gladys thought she was having an 14_.Tony suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to 15 _. Tony wanted the house completely 16_.The women were 17_ by Claires handsome lover and the house. What a sweet 18_ to be envied by those women! But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be19 _you cannot have women 20_ in love with machines.（Key：1. robots 2. absent 3. test 4. alarmed 5. human 6. embarrassed 7 mentioned.8. elegant 9. ridiculous 10. scan 11. amazed 12. reaching 13. allowed 14. affair 15. return 16. transformed 17. impressed 18. victory 19. rebuilt 20. falling）Comprehension questions1. We can infer that the passage is probably _.A. a science fiction B. an introduction to a new productC. a real-life report D. a page from a persons diary2. The world “elegant” in bold in paragraph 2 means_.A. polite B. nice and lovelyC. pleasingly neat and simple D. having the qualities of grace and beauty3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Tony could understand Clarie when she said she was not clever.B. Tony was eager to help Clarie but he could find no ways out.C. The company was satisfied because Tony had successfully made a woman fall in love with a robot.D. Clarie was pleased to have Tony dress her.4. Why did Clarie think it was a victory when she was envied by Gladys?A. Because Tony used to be Gladyss lover.B. Because Gladys is the person who used to look down on her.C. Because Gladyss one of the richest and most powerful women she cares much.D. The passage doesnt tell us.5. The following statements except _ show that Clarie trusted Tony.A. She bought items that Tony listed.B. She told him that she envied Gladys her richness and power.C. She told him her husband wanted to improve his social position.D. She helped Tony to beat the salesman who was rude to him.(Key：1A. 2D. 3. A 4. C 5.D)Notes to some difficult sentences1. Tony told her and he suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. (Reading)suggest (提议/建议) 后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。It was suggested that据提议/建议，It was suggested that we (should) leave for England.I suggest leaving now/that we leave now.但当suggest表示“暗示,表明”时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气。如: The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.Her expression suggested anger. 她脸上的表情显示她生气了。2. She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. (Reading)manage1) to be in control of the (business) affairs管理，经营He managed the company while his father was away ill.2) (often used with can, could) to succeed in dealing with能应付She knows how to manage him when he is angry.I cant manage another mouthful.3) (on) to succeed in living, esp. on a small amount of money能生活下去They managed quite well on very little money.4) 比较manage to do与try to do前者表设法（去）做成（强调结果），后者表尽力（去）做（强调动作）The little boy had somehow managed to tie his shoelaces together.I finally managed to find what I was looking for.He tried to get the work done with little help.（不知完成与否）He managed to get the work done with little help.（设法完成了）3Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be. (Reading)1) everything: the most important thing or person最主要的人或物Money isnt everything.Her daughter is everything to her.比较:nobody(无名小卒,小人物,无足轻重的人)与somebody (大人物,重要人物)I want to be famousIm tired of being a nobody.Now that hes been promoted he thinks he is really somebody.2) 表示心理或情感状态的动词后跟不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，而只保留不定式符号to。如果要省略的不定式中的动词为be，则通常要保留下来。如果要省略的不定式中的动词为be，则通常要保留下来。Arent you our chairman?No, and I dont want to be.4Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. (Reading)have an affair with sb与某人 (非配偶)有一段爱情关系The boss had an affair with his former secretary.They hoped to keep their (love) affair secret.5. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuiltyou cannot have women falling in love with machines. (Reading)have有三种宾语补足语的形式。have sb. do sth.（havelet）have sb. doing sth. have =keep/employ（雇用）have sb. done使某人做某事；遭遇（不幸）I ll have him go with me.My father has two workers working in his farm.Dont have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.6Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. (Reading)so表示“至某种程度”时，可用于下列句型。1）not so +ad. +asIts not so big as I thought it would be.He was not so much angry as disappointed.2）so +ad. +as toWould you be so kind as to help me with my English? (=Would you please help me with my English?)3）so +ad. +a +单数名词=(such a+ ad+单数名词)He is so good a boy. (= He is such a good boy.)4）so +ad. +thatHe is so lovely that we all like him.5) not so much asHe is not so much unintelligent as educated.7So set aside some time each day to write, even if it is only five minutes.（Learning tip）set aside= set apart1) put one side for future use拨出,留下备用Please set aside one-tenth of your salary each month.2) pay no attention忽视，不注意I cant set aside my personal feeling completely.3) (legal) reject驳回，宣布无效The judge set the will aside.8It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. (Reading and discussing)此句为强调句，强调时间状语when Asimov was eleven years old。这种句式的特点是，去掉It +bethat框架后，句子仍然成立。即When Asimov was eleven years old his talent for writing became obvious.9Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past. (Reading and discussing)the ability to 有的能力He has the ability to sing the song in 3 foreign languagesin the present= at present 现在10The clock struck eight. (Reading)本句意思是“钟声敲响了八点”。beat, hit和 strike这几个动词都表示汉语的“打”，但打的方式和含义都不尽相同。beat 表示连续地、不断地打，其对象可以是人，也可以是物。We cleaned the rugs by beating them.Her heart was beating with joy.The musician beat the drums loudly. 这位乐师把鼓打得很响。The rain was beating against the windows.That man often beat his wife, which made the ne