高中英语语法复习13 非谓语动词（二）（通用）

语法复习13:非谓语动词(b) 动词-ing形式(b) -ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是非谓语动词。-ing形式中保留了动词的特征，可以由所需的宾语或状语组成-ing短语。1，-ing的形式：-ing具有正则表达式和完成表达式。在动词的情况下-ing有主动语态和被动语态，在自动动词的情况下-ing没有被动语态。以动词make和miss动词go为例，-ing的不同形式列表如下：动词语音格式和动词make自动动词go主动音被动语态主动音正则表达式标记贝灵梅德戈林完成式Having madeHaving been made海宁公2，-ing形式的基本用法。(1)主题：Seeing is believing。百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing。-如果ing作为主题，结构较长，则使用it作为格式主题，并向后发送主题-ing。示例：it isn t much good writing to them again。its no use waiting here。(2)作为表语：her job is washing and coking。my hobby is collecting stamps。(3)作为宾语：作为动词宾语。She likes drawing very much。作为特定短语动词的对象。Mary is thinking of going back to new York . do限定词(my、some、any、the等)-ing表示“工作”。示例：we often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon。will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon？作为介词的对象：her sis ter is good at learning physics。形容词worth、busy等对象：this book is well worth reading。ing具有对象补充词时，应使用it作为格式对象，然后将对象放入-ing(例如，we found it no good taling like that .do you think it necky try again？(4)属性：the sleping child is only five years old。do you know the man standing at the gate？注意：当-ing格式为属性时，如果-ing只是单词，则公式名词之前有-ing短语时，公式名词之后有-ing短语；当-ing为属性时，由-ing公式的名词是该-ing的逻辑主题。此外，-ing为属性时，其动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。如果不一起进行，则不能使用-ing作为属性，必须使用属性子句。例如the girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well .(5)作为对象补充项：wecan see steam rising from the wet clothes。附注：ing用作复合物件中物件的补充物时，句子中的物件是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以有这个复合物件的动词有see、watch、hear、observe、feel、find、have、keep等。(6)作为副词：时间副词：seeing Tom，I could n t help thinking of his brother。分词在句子中用作时间副词时，它前面通常加when或while。例如，When crossing street，You must be careful .原因副词：being ill，he didnt go to school yesterday。方式或伴随副词：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty。3、活动语音-基本使用完成。主动语态-ing完成式表达的动作在句子中谓语动词表示的动作之前，通常在句子中用作时间或原因副词。句子的主语是逻辑主语，是该主语表示的动作的执行者(例如having answer red the letter，she went on to read an English novel)。4、手动语音-一般基本使用。手动语音-ing正则表达式是当前正在进行的手动操作，此手动操作与谓词在句子中表示的操作同时发生。它通常在句子中用作属性或副词。示例：the truck being repaired there is ours。5、手动语音-基本使用完成。被动语态-ing完成式表达的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前一般用作状语。示例：having been shown the lab，we were taken to see the library。6，-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing之前添加的代词或名词的所有是-ing的复合结构。在这里，事物代词或名词所有词是-ing的逻辑主语。在句子中给出，如your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health，但是这种结构，事物代词通常代替人称代词的宾格，名词所有格名词的一般术语。例如：she insisted on Peter s(or Peter)going there first。7，-ing形式和动词不定式在句子中主语、表语、宾语时的差异。通常，在表示更抽象或一般的行为时使用-ing表单。Our job is making steel。使用动词不定式表示某些动作，如she likes playing the piano，but she doeson want to play it today。8，-ing形式和动词的不定式在句子中被区分为属性。使用-ing形式作为属性时，其动作通常与句子中谓语动词所代表的动词同时发生；使用动词不定式作为属性时，其动作通常发生在句子中谓语动词所代表的动作之后。示例：the girl writing a letter there can speak English verywell。/I have three letters to write。9，-ing形式和动词不定式是宾语补语时的差异。(1)在不定式助动词的情况下，通常在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生操作。例如I have told them to come again tomorrow .(2)在see、watch、hear、feel等处，以-ing格式补缺的情况下，作业正在进行中，以没有to的不定式补缺的情况下，不定式表示的动作是动作过程。例如，I hear her singing in the room .我听到她在房间里唱歌。I hear her sing in the room .我听见她在家唱歌。10，-ing形式和动词不定式在句子中用作副词。-ing格式用副词表达时间、原因、方式或伴随的情况，动词通常用作句子中的副词时的目的或结果副词，例如not receiving his letter，I wrote to him again。/I looked into the window to see what was going on inside)。练习，非谓语动词(2)1.aliisaid that his trip was _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.interested b . interest c . interesting d . of interest2.we cant understand _ _ _ _ a decision until it is too late。A.him to postpone to makeb。his postponing to makeC.him to post pone making d . his post poning making3.I could nt understand _ _ _ _ at the poor child。A.you to laugh b . you laugh c . why laugh d . you laughing4.its no use _ _ _ _ _ _ with him。you might as well _ _ _ _ _ with a stone wall。A.arguing，argue b.to argue，arguing c.arguing，arguing d.to argue，argue5.it is no good _ _ _ _ todays work for tomorrow。A.to leave b . leaving c . that you leave d . leave6.the oldmans _ _ _ _ _ pity on the snake led to his own death。A.take B. taking C. being taken d.have7.its very kind _ _ _ _ _ _ you _ _ _ _ _ say SSO。A.of，to B. for，to C. to，to D. of，/8.some peoples greatest pleasure is _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.费舍B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fish9.remember _ _ _ _ _ the book，when you have finished it。A.putting back b . having put back c . to put back d . will put back10.you didnt hear us comback last night。thats good。we tried _ _ _ _ noisy。A.to not be b . not to be c . being not d . not being11.though he failed，he tried _ _ _ _ _ _ it again and again。A.to do B. doing C. do D. done。12.youll regret _ _ _ _ _ those words。you may hurt her feelings。A.say b . to say c . having said d . to have said13.you can keep the book until you _ _ _ _ _ _。A.have finished reading b . finish to readC.will finish reading d . have finished to read14.we are looking forward to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ another chance _ _ _ _ _ it again。A.be given，to try B. give，to try.c. giving，trying D. having，to try15.most of the students enjoy _ _ _ _ _ stamps。A.collect b . to collect c . collecting d . collected16.exceuse me for _ _ _ _ _ _ in without _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.coming，asking B.coming，being asked c.to come，asking d.t