培养正念觉知.ppt

Part3:Cultivatingmindfulness第3部分:培养正念觉知,Prof.FreedomLeungDepartmentofPsychologyChineseUniversityofHongK.hk,Howdoesourbrainexperiencetheworld?我们的大脑如何体验外在世界？,Signalsfromsensorypathways来自感官途径的信号,Sensorysignalsfromcranialnerves来自颅神经的感官信号,Bodysignalsfromspinalnerves来自脊神经的躯体信号,Visceralsignalsfrominternalorgans来自内脏的信号,Howdoesourbrainexperiencetheworld?我们的大脑如何体验外在世界？,大脑如何体验世界？,Signalsfromemotionalpathways来自情绪途径的信号,三合一的脑结构,Reptilianbrain,Paleomammalianbrain,Neomammalianbrain,爬虫类的大脑,古哺乳动物的大脑,新哺乳动物的大脑,边缘系统皮质：情绪中心,边缘系统皮质：情绪中心,情绪中心影响感官如何体验外在世界,Signalsfromcorticalpathways来自皮层途径的信号,三合一的脑结构,Reptilianbrain,Paleomammalianbrain,Neomammalianbrain,爬虫类的大脑,古哺乳动物的大脑,新哺乳动物的大脑,Emotionrecognitionandemotionregulation(Davidson,2002)情绪识别与情绪调节,1)Amygdala:registeremotionalsignificanceofastimulus;2)Hippocampus:createsandretrievesmemoriesassociatedwiththestimulus;3)ACC:focusonthesituationeffectively;4)Orbito-frontal:inhibitsinappropriateactionsinfavoroflong-termadvantage;5)Ventromedial:emotionsareexperiencedandsituationisevaluated;6)Dorsolateral:toformplansandconceptsandchooseactions(Davidson,2002),眶后前额叶皮质,腹正中前额叶皮质,背外侧前额叶皮质,杏仁核,海马,扣带回,前额叶:大脑CEO,Howdoesourmindgetdistorted?我们的心智活动如何被歪曲？,(1)Abraindominatedbyintensenegativeemotions被强烈的负性情绪控制的大脑,杏仁核,(2)Abraindominatedbyhedonisticimpulses被享乐冲动支配的大脑,腹侧被盖区,丘脑,海马,蓝斑核,背侧与中央脊束核,杏仁体,隔膜,伏隔核,前额叶皮质,(3)Abraindominatedbydistortedbeliefs被歪曲的信念支配的大脑,杏仁核,(4)Abraindominatedbymindlesshabitualreactionpatterns被习惯性反应模式支配的大脑,尾状核,壳核,前扣带回,杏仁核,眶部额叶皮质,被习惯性反应模式支配的大脑,悟,迷,Adistortedmindcanleadtoadistortedbrain歪曲的心智活动可以导致歪曲的大脑,Experience-inducedchangesinsynapticefficiency(Kandel,2001)经验诱导的突触功效改变,Pre-之前,Post-之后,B:LTP后的突触，突触前神经元释放更多的神经递质；突触后神经元包含了更多的神经递质受体；这些受体的开放时间也延长（以星号表示）,A:LTP前的单一突触,Cultivatingmindfulness培养正念觉知,WhatisMindfulness?正念觉知是什么？,Activelymaintainingaclearawarenessofourmentalactivitiesfrommomenttomoment时刻主动保持对心智活动的清醒觉知,Goalsofmindfulnesstraining正念觉知训练的目标,Topracticemindfulobservationofourmentalprocesses锻炼有意识的观察我们的心智活动Todevelopmindfulawarenessofourhabitualaffective,cognitive,andbehavioralresponsepatterns培养对习惯性的情感，认知以及行为反应模式有意识的觉知Freeourmindfrommindlesshabitualresponsepatterns将我们的心智活动从无意识的习惯性反应模式中解放出来,Howtocultivatemindfulness?如何培养正念觉知？,Observebreathing观呼吸Observebodysensationsandmovements观躯体感觉和运动Observementalactivities(includingfeelings,impulses,andthoughts)观心智活动（包括情感，冲动和思维习惯）,Thekeyis:关键在于,Justtoobserve只观察Nottojudge不批判Nottoreact不做反应,Alwaysaskyourselfthesemindfulquestions:常常问自己这些有意识的问题,WhatamIdoingnow?我在做什么？Isitaresponseoutofamindfulchoose?这是出自有意识选择的反应吗？Orisitjustamindlessreactiondrivenbyhabitualaffective,cognitive,orbehavioralresponsepatterns?还是在习惯性情感，认知和行为模式驱动下的无意识反应？,Howdoesmindfulnesstrainingworkinneuroscienceterms?正念觉知训练用神经科学术语来看是怎样发挥作用的?,(1)Mindfulobservationcoolsamygdalaactivities正念观察降低杏仁核活动,杏仁核,(2)MindfulobservationfreesACCfromemotionallock正念观察将前扣带回从情感锁定状态中释放,杏仁核,前扣带回,(3)MindfulobservationfreesvmPFCfromemotionalbias正念观察将腹正中前额叶皮质从情感歪曲中释放,杏仁核,(4)MindfulnessactivatesleftPFCandenhancesimmunefunction(Davidsonetal.,2003)正念觉知激活左PFC并增强免疫功能,(5)MindfulnessexerciseactivatesDLPFCandinitiatesmindfulactionsratherthanreactions正念活动锻炼DLPFC发起有意识的活动而不是做出无意识的反应,References参考文献,Baer,R.A.,&Krietemeyer,J.(2006).Overviewofmindfulness-andacceptance-basedtreatmentapproaches.InR.A.Baer(ed.),Mindfulness-basedTreatmentApproaches,pp.3-27,Elservier.Davidson,R.etal.(2003).Alterationsinbrainandimmunefunctionproducedbymindfulnessmeditation.PsychosomaticMedicine,65,564-570.Gratz,K.L.etal.(2005).ApplyingDBTmindfulnessskillstothetreatmentofclientswithanxietydisorders.InS.M.Orsillo&L.Roemer(eds.),AcceptanceandMindfulness-basedApproachestoAnxiety:ConceptualizationandTreatment,pp.147-164.SpringerPress.Grossman,P.,Niemann,L.,Schmidt,S.,&Walach,H.(2004).Mindfulness-basedstressreductionandhealthbenefits:Ameta-analysis.JournalofPsychosomaticResearch,57,35-43.Hanh,T.N.(1976).TheMiracleofMindfulness:AManualonMeditation.Boston:BeaconPress.Hayes,S.C.&Wilson,K.G.(2003).Mindfulness:methodandprocess.ClinicalPsychology:Science&Practice,10,161-165.Kabat-Zinn,J.(1990).FullCatastropheLiving:UsingtheWisdomofyourBodyandMindtoFaceStress,Pain,andIllness.NewYork:Dell.Kabat-Zinn,J.(2003).Mindfulness-basedinterventionsincontext:Past,present,andfuture.ClinicalPsychology:Science&Practice,10,144-156.Kabat-Zinn,J.(2005).ComingtoOurSenses.NewYork:Dell.Linehan,M.M.(1993).Cognitive-behavioralTherapyforBorderlinePersonalityDisorder.NewYork:GuilfordPress.MelbourneAcademicMindfulnessInterestGroup(2006).Mindfulness-basedpsychotherapies:Areviewofconceptualfoundations,empiricalevidenceandpracticalconsiderations.AustralianandNewZealandJournalofPsychiatry,40,285-294.Roemer,L.,Salters-Pedneault,S.,&Orsillo,S.M.(2006).Incorporatingmindfulness-andacceptance-basedstrategiesinthetreatmentofgeneralizedanxietydisorder.InR.A.Baer(ed),Mindfulness-basedTreatmentApproaches,pp.52-74,Elservier.Schwartz,J.M.(2002).TheMindandtheBrain:NeuroplasticityandthePowerofMentalForce.NewYork:ReganBooks.Segal,Z.V.,Teasdale,J.D.&