翻译技巧拆分法PPT课件

.,1,翻译技巧：拆分法splitting,基本原则把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。,.,2,翻译技巧：拆分法splitting,1.连词：如and,or,but,yet,for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,since,though,although,sothat,.等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。,拆分点,.,3,翻译技巧：拆分法splitting,2.关系词：如连接名词性从句的who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who,which,that,whom,whose等等；它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。,拆分点,.,4,翻译技巧：拆分法splitting,3.介词：如on,in,with,at,of,to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。4.不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是拆分点。,拆分点,.,5,翻译技巧：拆分法splitting,5.分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。6.标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。,拆分点,.,6,句子的主干是：,定语从句：,方式状语：,例1Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.（35词，2003年62题）,Sample,.,7,拆分后句子的总结构是(主干)：Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquiry知识探索主句定语从句whichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavors行为方式状语inthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmanner以理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式定语从句thatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.,Sample,用来研究自然现象,.,8,1）Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquiry主干，2）whichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavors定语从句比较复杂，可以放在所修饰的先行词后面.3）inthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmanner4）thatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.,社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,“它试图研究人类及其行为”；,方式状语，如果照原来顺序放在动词后面不是太通顺，可以放到动词“试图”后面翻译成“它试图以一种。的方式来研究人类及其行为”；,定语从句直接放到所修饰的词“方式”前面，“自然科学家用来研究自然想象那样同样的方式”；,Sample,.,9,社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图象自然科学家用来研究自然现象那样，以理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式来研究人类及其行为。,例1Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.（35词，2003年62题）,Sample,.,10,翻译技巧：拆分法splitting,翻译做题原则结构看虚词，动词再定位首先需要寻找一句话中的虚词概念，将其在虚词引导的从句处切开，然后在寻找完整的“主谓宾”核心动词句。,Summary,.,11,2007-47Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamanner/whichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasis/astheycoverandcommentonthenews.,虚词：which，as动词句1：itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealities它将这些概念和日常现象联系起来动词句2：whichisparalleltothelinks它和一些联系相似动词句3：journalistsforgeonadailybasis/记者基于日常基础上形成动词句4：theycoverandcommentonthenews.他们对新闻进行报道和评论。,在一定程度上,.,12,翻译技巧：词类转译conversion,名词转译成动词1由动词派生的名词转译成动词。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。2含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。Acarefulstudyoftheoriginaltextwillgiveyouabettertranslation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。,.,13,名词转译成动词,3.有些加后缀-er的名词，Heisagoodsinger.他唱歌唱得好。4有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词，如Tohavearest和Tohaveagoodlookat里的rest和look.Youmustbetired.Whydontyoutakearest?你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？,.,14,形容词转译成动词,Iamanxiousabouthishealth.我担心他的身体健康。Scientistsareconfidentthatallmatterisindestructible.科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。,.,15,副词转译成动词,Sheopenedthewindowtoletfreshairin.她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。Aftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignbehind.经过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计落后了。,.,16,转译成名词,英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。1名词派生的动词Thiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。,人格化，拟人化,.,17,转译成名词,2名词转用的动词Ourageiswitnessingaprofoundpoliticalchange.我们的时代是深刻政治变革的见证。,.,18,转译成名词,有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。Hewastreatedveryshabbilybythepressduringthisperiod.在这期间，他受到了新闻界极不公正的对待。Iwasencouragedbyourpresident.我得到了校长的鼓励。,.,19,转译成名词,形容词转译成名词1英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。Theydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。2有时候根据情况，可以灵活处理，把有些形容词转换成名词来翻译。Hewaseloquentandelegantbutsoft.他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。,.,20,转译成形容词,形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。Thisissueisofvitalimportance.这个问题至关重要。Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。,.,21,形容词与副词的互相转译,1由于英语中的名词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语动词，所以修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。Wemustmakefulluseofexitingtechnicalequipment.我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。Thisissheernonsense.这完全是胡说。,.,22,形容词与副词的互相转译,2由于英语中的动词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语名词，所以修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。Thisfilmimpressedhimdeeply.这部电影给了他深刻的印象。,.,23,名词与副词的互相转译,1名词转译成副词Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。2副词转译成名词ItisofficiallyannouncedthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedherfirstmannedspaceship.官方宣布，中国已经成功地实现了载人航天。,.,24,Translatingpractice,Hewasmotivatedbyadesiretoreachacompromise.他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。Americanshaveacrazeforthesun,abeliefthatthesunwillcurechronicillnessandthatwherethereissunshine,therewillbeajob.美国人狂热地喜欢太阳，相信太阳能治疗慢性病，有太阳的地方就有工作。Thenewcontractwouldbegoodfor5years.新的合同有效期为五年。,.,25,Assignments,1.ReviewUnit5andfinishallexercisesintextbookandextendedcourse;2.PreparePassageAinUnit3Book23.Groupwork:showthefamoustouristsitesyoulike,Practicetranslatingallpassagesyouvelearnedthissemester.,.,26,Unit1,.,27,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？（impacton）,broughtterribledisasterstomankind,impactonsuchapoet,Howdidthewar,whichbroughtterribledisasterstomankind,impactonsuchapoet?,.,28,2.做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯同样的过错。（beblindto）,blindtothefaults,theirbelovedchildren,Mothersaresometimesblindtothefaultsoftheirbelovedchildren,whichwillcausethechildrentomakethesamemistakeagain.,makethesamemistakeagain,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,29,3.作为一个新移民(immigrant)，在这个完全陌生的国度里，她总是感觉到孤立无援。(isolate),inthiscompletelystrangecountry,feelisolated,Asanewimmigrantinthiscompletelystrangecountry,shealwaysfeltisolated.,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,30,4.做事不先考虑周全常会导致失败，因此我们应该三思而后行。(resultin,actbeforethinking),actingbeforethinking,resultinfailure,Actingbeforethinkingoftenresultsinfailure,soweshouldthinkbeforeweleap.,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,31,5.奢谈的时候已经过去了，我们必须积极行动起来保护我们的环境。(take.action),thetimefortalking,takeapositiveactiontoprotectourenvironment,Thetimefortalkingispast;wemusttakeapositiveactiontoprotectourenvironment.,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,32,Unit2,.,33,1.记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击作出解释。,pressthespokesmanfor,militaryattack,Reporterspressedthespokesmanforanexplanationofthemilitaryattack.,ExperiencingEnglishIII,Unit2,Revision,.,34,2.他的竞选演讲未能使选民相信他就是总统的合适人选。,electionspeech,failtoconvincethevoters,HiselectionspeechfailedtoconvincethevotersthathewastherightpersonforthePresident.,ExperiencingEnglishIII,Unit2,Revision,.,35,3.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。,admit,Idontagreethat,WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idontagreethattheycannotbesolved.,ExperiencingEnglishIII,Unit2,Revision,.,36,4.他在电视上的第一次辩论给听众留下了深刻的印象。,debate,Makeadeepimpression,HisfirstdebateonTVmakeadeepimpressiononhisaudience.,ExperiencingEnglishIII,Unit2,Revision,.,37,5.一切事物都是相互关联又相互作用的。,interrelated,interact,Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.,ExperiencingEnglishIII,Unit2,Revision,.,38,Unit3,.,39,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.思想是通过语言来表达的。(bymeansof),bymeansoflanguage,express,Thoughtsareexpressedbymeansoflanguage.,.,40,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,2.我今年买的新书多得难以数清。(tokeepcountof),difficulttokeepcountof,Ihaveboughtsomanynewbooksthisyearthatitsreallydifficultformetokeepcountofthem.,.,41,3.这位老太太确信，今天她儿子会回家来为她庆祝生日的。(tofeelassured),Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,Theoldladyfeelsassuredthat,celebrateherbirthday,Theoldladyfeelsassuredthathersonwillcomebackhometodaytocelebrateherbirthday.,.,42,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,Hismotherinsistedthathispocketmoneyshouldnotexceed100yuanpermonth.,4.他妈妈坚持说他每月的零用钱不能超过100元。(toexceed),insist,pocketmoney,exceed100yuan,.,43,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,registeredundermyname,Weboughtacarlastmonth,whichwasregisteredundermyname.,5.上个月我们买了一辆车，是用我的名字登记的。(toregister),.,44,Unit4,.,45,Ex.6TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.这支乐队二十世纪八十年代凭借那张专集一举成名。(toshottofame),inthe1980s,shottofamewiththatsinglealbum,Thebandshottofameinthe1980swiththatsinglealbum.,.,46,Ex.6TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,2.冒一下险吧，你可能还是会输，但赢的机会增加了。(totakearisk),Takearisk,andyoumayloseagain,butyouhaveimprovedyourchancestowin.,takearisk,improveyourchancestowin,.,47,Ex.6TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,pushthemselvestothelimits,thecureofAIDS,ScientistsarepushingthemselvestothelimitsintheirresearchesforthecureofAIDS.,3.科学家正极力研究治愈爱滋病(AIDS)的良方。(topush.tothelimits),.,48,Ex.6TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,4.现在我们知道了网络的意义：鼠标一点就能知晓天下大事。(point),seethepointoftheInternet,clickthemouse,informationfromallovertheworld,NowwecouldseethepointoftheInternet:wecangetinformationfromallovertheworldjustbyclickingthemouse.,.,49,Ex.6TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,5.一些人认为政府迟早会将克隆人类的研究纳入规范。(toregulate/soonerorlater),Somepeoplebelievethegovernmentwillregulatetheresearchofhumancloningsoonerorlater.,soonerorlater,regulatetheresearchofhumancloning,.,50,Unit5,.,51,Ex.15TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.他饮酒过量，对身体不好。(morethan),drinkmorewinethan,(morethan)goodforhealth,Hedrinksmorewinethanisgoodforhishealth.,.,52,Ex.15TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,2.他知道这时父母亲都在急切地等着他回家过年。(waitforto),eagerly,returnhomefortheNewYear,HeknewthatatthismomenthisparentswereeagerlywaitingforhimtoreturnhomefortheNewYear.,.,53,Ex.15TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,3.他的聪明和幽默都招我们喜欢。(appealto),intelligence,senseofhumor,notonlybutalso,Whatappealstousisnotonlyhisintelligencebutalsohissenseofhumor.,.,54,Ex.15TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,4.这位国际知名导演拍摄的最新影片是一次完全的失败。(turnout),internationallyfamousdirector,thelatestmovie,Thelatestmoviemadebythatinternationallyfamousdirectorturnedouttobeatotalfailure.,.,55,Ex.15TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,5.有些年轻人似乎对一切事情都缺乏耐心。(havepatiencewith),itseems(that),Itseemsthatsomeyoungstersdonthavepatiencewithanything.,.,56,Unit6,.,57,1.他悲叹一声，对我们说他年轻时也曾风光一时。（withasigh/haveseenabetterday）,breathed/heavedasighofsorrow,Hebreathed/heavedasighofsorrowandtoldusthathehadseenabetterdaywhenhewasyoung.,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,58,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,2.他有极强的责任感，这就是为什么他被选中掌管这个项目。（takecontrolof）,strongsenseofresponsibility,bechosen,Hehasastrongsenseofresponsibility,andthatswhyheischosentotakecontroloftheproject.,.,59,3.不管你去哪里，不管是出差还是去玩，尽量多了解那个地方总是一个不错的主意。（beitor）,whereveryougo,beitforbusinessorpleasure,Whereveryougo,beitforbusinessorpleasure,itisalwaysagoodideatofindoutasmuchasyoucanabouttheplace.,findoutasmuchasyoucan,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,60,4.我们得小心一点，同样的情景可能就要出现。（beabout/repeat）,thesituationrepeatitself,beaboutto,Letsbecareful.Thesituationmaybeabouttorepeatitself.,Ex.8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,.,61,5.事实上，室内空气质量与儿童的健康密切相关，当然与成人的健康也有关。（forthatmatter）,hasagreatdealtodowith,andadultshealthforthatmatter,Infact,indoorairqualityhasagreatdealtodowithchildrenshealth,andadultshealth