2020届中考英语专题复习 直接引语变间接引语面面观

直接引语变间接引语面面观直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号；而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是一般现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变，人称有时要变。例如：She says, “ Ill never forget the moment.”变成间接引语为: She says that shell never forget the moment.但是如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。一般遵循下列规律：一、一般规律。在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodayyesterdaylast weektomorrownext yeartwo days agothenthat daythe day beforethe week beforethe next daythe next yeartwo days before地点状语herethere动词时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时/不变不变过去将来时动词变化can/maymustcomebringcould/mightmust/had togotake总之，在指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及个别动词方面归纳起来一句话：这变那，过去变以前；来变去，明天变为第二天。二、三要素我们要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陈述句的间接引语。连接词用that，在口语中常常省略。引述动词用said, told等。例如：1)He said, “Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room.2) She said, “He will be busy.”She said that he would be busy.要素二：疑问句的间接引语。引述一般疑问句时用连接词if或whether，引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，间接引语部分由一般疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。例如：1)She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.2）She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”She asked me whether that book was mine or his.引述特殊疑问句时用原句中的疑问词作连接词，间接引语部分由特殊疑问句语序改为陈述语序。例如：The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.要素三：祈使句的间接引语采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。即tell sb. (not) to do sth.; asksb. (not) to do sth.; order sb. (not) to do sth.; warn sb. (not) to do sth.。注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please 去掉，动词改为 ask。例如：1) The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time.2)The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”The mother asked Tom to get up early.三、 时态“四不变”在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下四种时态不变的特殊情况。1. 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如：The teacher said, “Earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that Earth goes round the sun.My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”My father said practice makes perfect.2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变。例如：The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.He said, “We are still students.”He said they are still students.3. 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如：He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”He told me that he was born in 1978.The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”The engineer said he was at college in 1967.4. 直接引语中凡有when, since, while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” He said he had studied English since he was a boy.She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.”She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.【友情提醒1】如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变。例如：I said to him, “I have finished it.”I told him I had finished it.【友情提醒2】如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必改为go。如果就在当天转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如：She said to us, “Ill come here tomorrow.”She told us she would come here tomorrow.现场演练 单项选择：( ) 1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid( ) 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film( ) 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close( ) 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher( ) 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was( ) 6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well( ) 7. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member( ) 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting along C. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along( ) 9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter( ) 10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to; not to do B. said to; dont doC. told; dont do D. told; not to do答案与简析 1. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2. D 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。3. C 直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask (请求), tell (告诉), order (命令), invite (邀请), warn (警告), advise (建议)等，而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等