中考英语总复习 第二篇 解题指导

第二篇 解题指导中考句型转换题主要有两种基本形式：(l) 按要求转换句型；(2) 根据上句完成下句，使两个句子意思基本相同。第一种形式的试题：首先应注意“要求”的内容；二是要注意选词的准确；三是要注意各种句型的特点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。第二种形式的句型转换：必须注意两个句子的搭配形式；必须注意两个句子的句型特点和意义联系；注意根据空格的位置和数量确定需填写的单词；要注意大小写和拼写。题型一按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1. He often has breakfast at seven in the morning.（改为否定句）He _ _ breakfast at seven in the morning.2. The flowers are very beautiful.（改为感叹句）_ _ the flowers are!3. John worked hard at Chinese.（改为反意疑问句）John worked hard at Chinese，_ _?4. The woman is a doctor. She isnt a nurse.（合并成一个简单句）The woman is _ a nurse _ a doctor.5. I dont know how I can do it.（将复合句改为简单句）I dont know _ _ do it.6. We have sports meeting twice a year.（对划线部分提问） _ _ do you have sports meeting?【答案与解析】1.doesnt have 2.How beautiful 3.didnt he 4.not, but 5.how to 6.How often第1小题的谓语动词是has，而hasbreakfast的意思是“吃早饭”，把它改为否定句，要由助动词doesnothave breakfast构成否定形式。第2小题是陈述句改写感叹句，首先从谓语动词后将陈述句断开，前部分为陈述部分，后部分为感叹部分，因为感叹部分的中心词beautiful是形容词，本句要用how引出，结合下句中的空格，确定本题答案。第6小题划线部分表示“频率”，因此，必须用表示频度的疑问词“How often”提问。题型二在每个空格内填上一个适当的词，使上下两句的意思一致。1. It took me two hours to do my homework. I _ two hours _ my homework.2. Li Lei studies harder than Wang Li. Wang Li _ study _ hard as Li Lei.3. How is the weather today? _ the weather _ today?【答案与解析】1. spent, on/doing 2. doesnt, so 3. Whats, like第1小题的句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”（花费某人多长时间去做某事）可以用另一个句型“sb. spendson sth.”或“sb. spendsdoing sth.”某人花费(时间、金钱等) 去做某事来替换。第2小题中表示“两者之间比较”还可换用“not soas”（不如）这种句型结构来表达。第3小题是询问天气情况不同表达方式的互换。解题要领一、改变句意类 改变句意类主要包括单复数的转换，肯定句与否定句的转换，陈述句与疑问句的转换，陈述句与感叹句的转换等四类。 1. 肯定句变否定句。主要包括陈述句、祈使句及部分复合句的肯定变否定。英语中有关否定的结构各不相同，除动词部分构成的否定外还有名词、代词的否定，部分否定，否定转移，副词表示的否定以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型。例如：(1) We had a good time last Sunday. We _ _ a good time last Sunday.(2) Both of my brothers have already come. _ of my brothers _ come _.答案：(1) didnt have (2) Neither, has, yet2. 陈述句变疑问句。包括一般、特殊（对划线部分提问）、反意、选择等四种疑问句。例如：(1) Id like to have some beer. Id like to have some water.（改为选择疑问句）_ you _ some beer _ water? (2) He lives in Shanghai.（改为反意疑问句） He lives in Shanghai, _ _? 答案：(1) Would, like, or (2) doesnt he3. 陈述句变感叹句。感叹句是将what, how置于句首，what修饰名词而how则修饰形容词、副词或动词。例如：(1) We are living a happy life. _ _ _ life we are living!(2) He studies very hard. _ _ he studies! 答案：(1) What a happy (2) How hard4. 单复数的转换。习惯用语、固定搭配、时间状语中可数名词的数不变；作前置修饰语的名饲（man, woman除外）的数不变。如 The man usually goes to work on foot. The _ usually _ to work on _. 答案：men, go, foot 二、同义句转换此类转换通常以词、词组、句式、语法的改变及转换等形式体现出来转换的后的句意应大体一致。同义句转换有以下几种常见的方法：1. 词语替代法。此法是指用词性相同的同义词、近义词、反义词或同义词组、反义词组对原句的某些成分进行简单的替代，而句子的结构保持不变。例如：Jim borrowed a story book from Mary just now.Mary _ a story book _ Jim just now. 答案：lent, to2. 词类转换法。此法是指利用某些派生词或同性相异的词组来替代原句中的某些成分，此时句子结构会发生变化。例如：The rain was very heavy last night.It _ _ last night. 答案：rained heavily 3. 句型、句式转换法。利用意义相同或相近的句型、句式转换，有的原句结构全部改变，有的部分改变。例如：I spent the whole day (in) repairing the TV set.It _ _ the whole day _ _ the TV set. 答案：took me, to repair 4. 简化从句法。此法是将复合句变为简单句，常见的转换方法有：用不定式替换，用介词短语替换，用名词短语替换，用分词短语替换，用“疑问词十不定式”替换，以及将sothat（suchthat）引导的状语从句简化为含有tooto（或enough to）的简单句。例如：(1) I hope that I can see you soon. I hope _ _ you soon.(2) I take back what I said. I take back _ _. 答案：(1) to see (2) my words5. 合并分句法。两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句，常见的合并方法有：用分词短语合并，用bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, not but等成对连词合并，用tooto, enough to等不定式结构合并。例如：(1) He is new teacher. He is called Sun Jun. He is a new teacher _ Sun Jun.(2) He hasnt been to Beijing. She hasnt been to Beijing, either. _ he _ she _ been to Beijing. 答案：(1) called/ named (2) Neither, nor, has 6. 句子语态转换法。如We heard someone singing in the next room.Someone _ _ _ _ in the next room. 答案：was heard to sing 7. if引导的条件句与“祈使句十and(then) / or十简单句”的转换。例如：If we dont hurry, well be late._, _ well be late. 答案：Hurry, or 8. 句式之间的转换。主要考查考生对常用句式的掌握及运用，它在词汇、结构等方面都有较大的变化。例如：(1) Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? Could you