英语 2015高考英语二轮课件-阅读-第一章第一节-事实细节题的解题技巧

第二篇阅读第一节事实细节题的解题技巧,1WhichofthefollowingisNOTincluded/mentionedinthepassage?2Whichofthefollowing(sentences/statements)isNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?3Accordingtothepassage，allofthefollowingareTRUEexcept/but_4TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT_,一、常见的设问形式,5Inthepassage，theauthorstatesthat_6Accordingtothepassage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.).,1描写类细节题。2数据计算题。3排序题。4信息寻找、广告阅读题。5图文转换题。6表格理解题。,二、常见题型,1语意转换。细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词(双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。2设题顺序。一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。,三、设题方式,3设题干扰项。(1)正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。(2)扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。(3)偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。(4)以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。(5)无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。,1迅速定位，缩小范围。通过寻读法(scanning)，用题干中的关键词在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。2理解其意，对照选项。在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。3排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。,四、解题步骤,注意：解题时要留意否定词，如果题干中含有否定意义的词，如NOT，EXCEPT等，应特别留心。在解答排序题时，可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案。,例1TuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment，generallyfrom$5，000to$6，000ayear.Forfurtherinformation：tuiwaikato.ac.nz.Accommodation(住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4bedroomflat，whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation：accwaikato.ac.nz.,五、典例精析,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A$5，250B$8，000C$9，000D$11，000,数据计算题。本篇是介绍Waikato大学的广告。从“TuitionFees(学费)：Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment，generallyfrom$5，000to$6，000ayear.”和“Accommodation(住宿)：You,B,canhavearoomina4bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.”可知，在那儿学习一年的费用是：$5，000(学费)$100(住宿费)12(months)$150(生活费)12(months)$8，000。,例2Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore，ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyourelookingfortoothpicks，youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist，andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Thedevicesalsokeepsarecordofwhatyoubuy.Whenyouvefinished，thedevicefiguresoutyourbill.Thenyougotothecheckerorplaceyourcardintoaselfcheckoutstandandpay.,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcard?aStartthesystem.bMakeashoppinglist.cFindthethingsyouwant.dGotoaselfcheckoutstand.AabdcBbacdCacbdDbcad,B,排序题。由第一段第一句话可知第一件事是makeashoppinglist。去到商店后“startthesystem”，根据指引“youcanfindthem”，最后去结账，故顺序为bacd。本题也可采用排除法，c和d是相邻且为先后的顺序，故排除A、C、D。本题还可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断。,例3Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.,Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydontgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often，wetryeverypossiblewaytoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwerebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthatsinthem.,1Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen_AtheyoffertheirhelpBtheyreceiveothershelpCtheyfeelotherskindnessDtheyshowtheirweakness,事实细节题。由第一段最后一句可知，关键是理清该句中的it，它指的是前文中的“thekindnessinpeople”，其具体行为是“peopleholddoorsforme，pourcreamintomycoffee，orhelpmetoputonmycoat”，人们的这些行为概括起来，就是theyoffertheirhelp，故选A。文中信息与选项表述的关系是具体与概括的关系。,A,2Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause_AhehasasoftheartBhereliesmuchonothersCsomepeoplepretendtobekindDsomepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers,事实细节题。由第二段第一句but后的内容可知，D选项中用somepeople代替了文中“thosewhoappearindependent”，用failtosee代替了文中的miss。,D,3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?AAnimalkingdom.BWeakness.CAggressivebehavior.DKindness.,意义猜测。it指代前面的thekindnessinpeople。,D,例4Inaworldwithlimitedland，waterandothernaturalresources(资源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually，thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords，weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.,ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat_AitmakestheworldwarmerBitconsumesnaturalresourcesCitbringsseveredamagetoforestsDitmakesgrowthhardtocontinue,事实细节解。根据“thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.”可知：传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖、不能持续发展、给未来发展造成损失。B不选，过度使用自然资源才是有害的。,B,阅读下列文段，从题后所给的A、B、C、和D项中选出最佳选项。(一)Mothers，doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababysbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.,即学即练,AccordingtotheParagraph，onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels_AsickBupsetCsleepyDhungry,事实细节题。由该段最后一句“Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.”可知。hungry是searchingforfood的近义替换。,D,(二)WhenFridaKahlospaintingswereonshowinLondon,apoetdescribedherpaintingsas“aribbon(丝带)aroundabomb”.SuchcommentsseemtosuggestKahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime.Sadly,sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime.,Bornin1907inavillagenearMexicoCity,Kahlosufferedfrompolio(小儿麻痹症)attheageofseven.Herspine(脊柱)becamebentasshegrewolder.Then,in1925,herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschoolbusaccident.Throughouttherestofherlife,theartisthadmanyoperations,butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback.However,theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect.Whilelyinginherbedrecovering,Kahlotaughtherselftopaint.,In1929,shegotmarriedtoDiegoRivera,anotherfamousMexicanartist.RiverasstronginfluenceonKahlosstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks，butherlaterworksfromthe1940s，knowntodayasherbestworks,showlessinfluencefromherhusband.Unfortunately,herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s,eveninherhomecountry.HerfirstonewomanshowinMexicowasnothelduntil1953.Formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954,Kahlosworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld，butinthe1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast.,1TheterriblepainKahlosufferedwascausedby_.ApolioBherbentspineCbackinjuriesDtheoperationshehad,事实细节题。根据第二段“herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinashoolbusaccident.butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback”可知选C。,C,2Kahlosstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsincethe_A1930sB1940sC1950sD1970s,事实细节题。根据第三段“butherlaterworksfromthe1940s，knowntodayasherbestworks，showlessinfluencefromherhusband”可知选B。,B,(三)Thevaluepacked,allinclusivesightseeingpackagethatcombinesthebestofSydneysharbour,city,bayandbeachhighlights.ASydneyPassgivesyouunlimitedandflexibletravelontheExplorerBuses.The“red”SydneyExplorershowsyouaroundourexcitingcitysightswhilethe“blue”BondiExplorervisitsSydneyHarbourbaysandfamousbeaches.Taketothewaterononeofthreemagnificentdaily,harbourcruises(游船).YoucanalsotravelfreeonregularSydneyBuses,SydneyFerriesorCityRailservices(limitedarea),soyoucangotoeverycornerofthisbeautifulcity.ImaginebrowsingatDarlingHarbour,samplingthefamousseafoodatWatsonsBayorenjoyingthecitylightsonaneveningferrycruise.ThepossibilitiesandplansareendlesswithaSydneyPass.Whereveryoudecidetogo,rememberthatbookingsarenotrequiredonanyofourservicessoticketsaretreatedonafirstin,firstseatedbasis.,SydneyPassesareavailablefor3.5or7daysforuseovera7calendardayperiod.Witha3or5daypassyouchooseonwhichdaysoutofthe7youwanttouseit.AllSydneyPassesincludeafreeAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3.5or7days,andthereturntripisvalid(有效的)for2monthsfromthefirstdayyourticketwasused.,SydneyPassFares,*Achildisdefinedasanyonefromtheagesof4yearstounder16years.Childrenunder4yearstravelfree.*Afamilyisdefinedas2adultsandanynumberofchildrenfrom4tounder16yearsofagefromthesamefamily.,1ASydneyPassdoesntofferunlimitedrideson_AtheExplorerBusesBtheharbourcruisesCregularSydneyBusesDCityRailservices,事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句话“.CityRailservices(limitedarea)”可知，这个旅行游览项目是不提供无限制乘坐的。,D,2WithaSydneyPass，atravellercan_AsavefaresfromandtotheairportBtaketheSydneyExplorertobeachesCenjoythefamousseafoodforfreeDreserveseatseasilyinarestaurant,事实细节题。根据第四段“.afreeAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3.5or7days，andthereturntripisvalidfortwomonthsfromthefirstdayyourticketisused.”可知答案为A。,A,3If5dayticketsweretoberecommendedtoamotherwhotravelledwithhercolleagueandherchildren，aged3，6and10，whatwouldthelowestcostbe?A$225.B$330.C$360.D$420.,数据计算题。计算票价花费，成年人每人$120，两个成年人为$240，3岁的孩子免费，所以两个孩子费用是$120，总共花费是$360。,C,(四)Itseverywhere.Indoors，advertisingisinmagazinesandnewspapers，ontelevision，andevenpoppinguponcomputerscreensoutdoors，advertisingmeansbillboards.Theyareintrainstationsandonthesidesofbuildings.Theyarealonghighwaysinthecountryside.Billboardswereoncelargepaintedsignsthaturgedcustomerstobuyanythingfromfriedchickentodishsoap.Nowadaysbillboardsarehightechdevicesthatadvertisetheproductsofthemodernworld，fromcellularphoneservicetoperfume.,Billboardshavechangedalongwithtechnology.Originallypainteddirectlyontowoodenboardsorthesidesofbuildings，billboardswerefirstimprovedbyattachinglargeprintedvinylstripstoastructuretoformanadvertisersmessage.Later，mechanicalbillboardsweredevelopedwhichcoulddisplaythreedifferentimages.Asoneimagechangedtothenext，themovementcaughttheeyeofanyonepassingby.Morerecently，electronictechnologyhasproducedbacklitbillboardswhichshinealightthroughanimageprintedonasheetofplastic，anddigitalbillboardsthatcandisplayhugeimagessimilartothoseonatelevisionscreen.,Thelatesttrendinbillboardsisinteractivity.InBelgium，abillboardthatlookedlikeapinballmachinehadpeopleonthestreetusingtextmessagingtoansweraquestionthebillboardsenttotheircellphones.Iftheyansweredcorrectly，theyhadachancetowinanewcar.InJapan，somebillboardsfeatureQR(QuickResponse)codes，anewerversionofbarcodes，whichcanbereadbyspeciallyprogrammedcameracellphones.WhenapersontakesapictureofabillboardwithaQRcode，theadvertisers,websiteappearsontheirphone.AbillboardinNewYorksTimesSquareletspeopleonthestreetplayavideogameusingtheircellphones，andahugedigitalsigninLondonsPiccadillyCircusrespondswhensomeonewavesatitanddisplaysdifferentimagesdependingontheweather.Billboardsdonotalwaysgetapositivereaction，however.ThelargenumberofbillboardsalongAmericanhighwaysledtotheHighwayBeautificationActof1965.Thisgroupoflawsaimedto,preservethescenicbeautyofthecountryside