marrakech课文内容解析PPT课件

.,1,6.Howisthetexttobedivided?,1)Para.1-3:theburialofthepoorinhabitants2)Para.4-7:anArabNavvybeggingforbread3)Para.8-15:themiserablelivesoftheJews4)Para.16-18:cultivationofthepoorsoil5)Para19-21:theoldwomencarryingfirewood6)Para22-26:degradation/humblenessofthenativepeople,.,2,Deatialedstudyofthetext,.,3,Paragraph1,WhatdoyouthinkoftheauthorschoiceofthesceneandthewordsinPara.1?Whatcanwelearn?Theauthorschoiceofadramaticsceneandthesimplewordsimpliesmuchmorethanwhatappearsonthesurface.Wecanseepovertyoftheplaceandunsanitaryconditionofthecity1)dirty2)poor,.,4,Paragraph1,inacloud:alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamass.一团e.g.acloudoflocusts/insects那些汽车在滚滚尘埃中启动了。Thecarssetoffinacloudofdust.,.,5,Paragraph2,WhatcanwelearnbyreadingPara.2?HowdeadpeopleareburiedinMarrakech.-Avividpictureofthepovertyoftheplace.Howdoestheauthorpresentthepicture?Throughafewstrokesofhismaster-pen-mournerswailingachant,corpseswrappedinapieceofrag,carriedonaroughwoodenbier,friendshackingashallowhole,dumpingthebodyinit,flingingsomedried-upearthoverit,nogravestoneThefactshowsthehumanlifehasnovalueatall.,.,6,Paragraph2,HowdoyouthinkoftheuseofsomewordsinPara.2?Theuseofwordslike“theflies”,“apieceofrag”,“roughwoodenbier”,repeatsforcefullythethemeofPara.1.Theuseofwordslike“hack,dump,fling,nogravestone,noname,noidentifyingmark,”indicatestheunceremoniouswayinwhichafuneraliscarriedout.InapoorcountrylikeMorocco,lifeischeap.,.,7,Para.2,Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.Theburying-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.,.,8,Crowd,Itsuggests1)thelackoforder2)peoplearenotterriblyconcernedaboutthefuneral.,.,9,allmenandboys,nowomen,AccordingtoMuslimlaw,Muslimsmustrespectwomen,andforthisreasongirlsandwomenusedtobekeptinthehouse,wheretheycouldbesafe.Whentheywentout,theyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces.Butthislawhasbecomeakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen.,.,10,Paragraph3,WhatisthethemeofPara.3?Heexposestheevilsofimperialism.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings).Itisthecolonialempiresthatmakethepeoplesopoor.Empiresarebuiltupbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals.Thisthesisisgoingtobesupportedbymoreillustrationsandexamples.,.,11,Howdoestheauthorachievehispurpose?,Inacoolobjectivemannerinsteadofapreachy(说教的)andpropagandisticstyle.Neverthelessthereadercanseehisoutrageatthemiseryandsuffering.,.,12,Paragraph3,Howcanyouseehiscoolmanneranduncontrollableoutrage?Wecanseetheformerfromthestatementshemakesandthelatterfromastringofrhetoricalquestionsandbothfromhisuseofwords.,.,13,theragstheystandupin:theragswhichtheyarewearingastheystandthere,.,14,Undifferentiated:Youcantdifferentiateonebrownstufffromanother,becausetheylookjustthesame.Iftheydohaveindividuality,itisirrecognizable,justlikeinsects,likebees.,.,15,TheyriseoutofthegraveyardTheyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.breakyourway:forceyourwayorpickyourway(becauseofthedensegrowthofthepricklypear),.,16,Para.3,pricklypear:akindofcactuscoveredwithprickleshavingapear-shapedfruit(仙人掌果)Whenoutforawalkpickingyourwaythroughthepricklypear,youmightfindthatthegroundisbumpy.Yourealizethatyouarewalkingoverskeletons.Youknowtheyaregravesonlybecausethebumpsappearinanevenpattern.,.,17,Paragraph3,WhatisthetenseusedinthisPara.?Whatdoesitmean?Thesituationdescribedstillexists.,.,18,Para.5,mintsauce:anEnglishspecialitymadeofacombinationofchoppedmintleaves,vinegar,andwater.Itstraditionallyservedwithroastlamb.Assoonasyoulookatthehindlegsofthegazelles,youwillthinkofthedeliciousmintsaucethatyouwouldwanttodipitinwheneatingit.,.,19,Paragraph7,Whatcanyoulearnfromtheemployeessituation?Orwhatistheauthorsintentionbehindthesentence“Thismanisanemployeeofthemunicipality”?Thepovertyofthepeople.Evenanemployedlaborergoesstarving,soyoucanimagineforyourselftheplightofthepoorerpeople.,.,20,stow,toput,hideawayinsafeplaceIfyoustowsth.somewhere,youputitneatlyawayinaplacewhereitcanbekeptuntilitisneeded.=storestowaway=hide,.,21,stow,Westowedalltheboxesintheattic.Potatoesmustbestowedinacooldarkplace.Myjewelleryissafelystowedawayinthebank.Hisbaggagewassafelystowedawayintheplane.,.,22,Paragraphs8-15,WhatisthemainideaofPara.8-15?TheplightoftheJews,anoppressedminorityinacolonialcountry.Theirfatecouldbeworsethanthatofthenatives.Howdoestheauthorrealizehisidea?BydescribingJewscrowdedandunsanitarylivingcircumstances,badworkingconditions,frenziedrushandclamorforacigarette,andthenativeshostileattitudetotheJews.,.,23,Para.8,Quartersapartment(room/house)residentialareaforparticularkindofpeoplethedoctorsquartersservantsquartersofficersquarterssleepingquartersconfinedtoquarters,.,24,Para.8,ghettoesorghettos:Aghettoisapartofatownorcityinwhichmanypoorpeopleormanypeopleofaparticularrace,religion,ornationalityliveinisolationfromthemajoritygroupinthetownorcity.OrwellusesghettoshereinthetraditionalsenseofaportionofacitypopulatedalmostexclusivelybyJews.Aghettoalsoimpliesthatthepeopleinitarerestrictedonlytothatareaandarenotpermittedtoliveelsewhere.,.,25,sore-eyed,Eyesareinfectedfrom1.malnutrition2.lackofmedicalcare3.unhygieniccondition,.,26,Para.9,Infest(oftenfollowedbywithorusedincombination)Wheninsects,ratsorotheranimalsinfestaplant,area,theyspreadinalargenumbersandcoverthearea,usuallycausingdamage.overrun;swarm;pack;crowd;teem;flood;fill;bethickwithThebackyardwasinfestedwithrats.watersinfestedwithsharks,.,27,Infest,usedwithsomenounstomakeadjectivesmeaningfullofsomethingharmfulorunpleasant:arat-infestedhouseacrime-infestedcityshark-infestedwatersfly-infested-fullofflies,.,28,Paragraph9,Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.warp:bend,curve,ortwistoutofshapeThehotsunwarpedtheboards.Somegramophonerecordswarpinveryhotweather.,.,29,Para.9,thanksto.outofshapeBecauseofsittinginafixedpositionovertheyearsandbecauseofusinghisleftfoottocontrolthechiselwhileturningchair-legs,hisleftleghasbecomedeformed.,.,30,Para.10,frenziedadj.fullofuncontrolledexcitementWillthispushhimtoofarandleadtoafrenziedattack?(疯狂攻击）Shewasclimbingnowwithasortoffrenziedhaste.（她这时带着一股疯狂劲头快速向上攀登）afrenziedmobofoverathousandbeggars（狂乱暴徒）makefrenziedefforts(拼命挣扎),.,31,self-contained-,selfsufficientAself-containedcommunityisoneinwhichallornearlyalltheneedsofthecommunityaremetfromwithin.Thereislittleneedtogooutsideformaterialorculturaldesires.TheJewishghettosareself-containednotonlybypreferencebutalsobynecessity,sinceJewsmayhavebeenunwelcomeoutside.,.,32,self-contained,1a:completeinitself:INDEPENDENTb:BUILT-IN2a:showingself-controlb:formalandreservedinmanner,.,33,Paragraph11,Itsagoodjob(colloquialBrE.)Itsagoodthing(AmE.):Itisafortunatestateofaffairs,itisfortunate.Itisagoodjob/thingithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad.,.,34,AgoodjobHitlerwasnthere,ItwasluckyfortheJewsthatHitlerhadnotcometothisplace.Ifhehad,theJewswouldhavebeenexterminatedastheywereinPolandandotherEuropeancountries.,.,35,Thatsonlyforshow!,TheJewonlypretendstoworkasapoorlabourer.show-n.sthfalseorsuperficial,pretenceHispublicexpressionsofgriefarenothingbutshow.他公开表示悲痛只不过是做做样子而已.他的自我批评不是摆样子的。Hisself-criticismwasnotmadeforshow.asquaremeal:adecentsubstantialmeal,.,36,punishmentsforbeingawitch,HangingwasthemostpopularinAmerica.InEurope,mostpeopleaccusedofwitchcraftwereburnedatthestake.Therewereseveraloddpunishments,suchasbeingpressedtodeath,(havinglargestonesplacedonthechesttowithdrawaconfession),peopleweretiedupandthrownintolakes,(iftheyfloatedtheywereawitch,iftheydidnttheywereinnocent,butdrownedanyway),theyweretorturedwithhotirons,(mainlytothebottomsofthefeet),theywerestretched,hungupsidedown,stuckwithneedles,andshovedinironmaidens.,.,37,Witcheswereeventorturedintheirdeaths,notaffordedaquickandsanitarydemise,themajorityofwitcheswereburntatthestake,thoughagreatmanywerestrangledorgarrotedbeforeburning.Thistorturousdeath,inBritain,wasusedonlyforwomenwhocommittedoneofthetwomostunforgivableacts,treasonorwitchcraft.,.,38,InhisSalemWitchcraft,W.F.PooleestimatesthedeathtollofwitchesinEuropeduringthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesisabout200,000.Thewitchhuntsweresorampant,MontagueSummersreportsinhisGeographyofWitchcraft,Intheyear1586thedioceseofTrierwassoscouredandpurgedofsorcerersandwitchesthatintwovillagesonlytwowomenwereleftalive.,.,39,Witchcraft,Orwellisprobablyreferringtomanyoccasionsinthe1600sinbothEnglandandAmericawheninnocentwomenweretriedandoftenburnedorotherwisepunishedforwitchcraft.Bytheverynatureofthechargeitwasimpossiblefortheaccusedtodefendherself,justasitwasfortheJews.AndliketheJews,witchesservedasscapegoatsfortheillsofsocietythatcouldntbeexplained.SuchtrialsreachedtheirpeakinAmericaatSalem,Massachusetts.,.,40,Injustthesamewayasquaremeal,Jewswerenowbeingcondemnedbyprejudiceandignoranceassomepooroldwomenwhocouldnotevengetthemselvesadecentmealwerecondemnedandburnedforwitchcraft.,.,41,Paragraphs16-18,WhatisdescribedinPara16-18?ThehardworkingbutinvisiblepeopleanddifficultcultivationofthepoorsoilWhattonedoestheauthoruseinPara16and17?Bitterandironic.Insteadofopenlyblamingthewhitecolonialistswhodonotpaytheleastattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandhungerandmisery,hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpeoplewhosimplycannotbeseenbecausetheyareofthecolorofearth.,.,42,.,43,.,44,Inahotcountry,Youdontevenseethelabourerploughingthefield.SouthofGibralter-allcountriesorareainNorthAfricaEastofSuez-themiddle-eastAsiancountrieschancesare:itislikelythat;inallprobability;probably大概是,很可能是Chancesareshesalreadyheardthenews.可能她已经知道这消息了。很可能她要来.Thechancesarethatshellbecoming.,.,45,InatropicallandscapeoneseyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeingsIfyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.,.,46,Para.17,Itisonlybecauseofthis“This”herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslabouringinthefieldsbecausetheyhavethecolouroftheearth.Itisonlybecauseofthisreasonthatthesepoorstarvedcountriesareacceptedastouristresorts.,.,47,Paragraph17,NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas:Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting),.,48,WhatdoesMoroccomean.,MoroccobeingaFrenchcolony,tomanyFrenchmenMoroccohasnomoremeaningthanaplacewheretheymightfindagovernmentjob,buyanorangegrovewiththeirmoneyorinvesthismoney.ToanEnglishmanMoroccomeansnothingbutaromantic,mysteriouscountrywhichhehasreadinthenovels.Camels,castlesaretheromanticbitsinhismindbythenovels.,.,49,fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessback-breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil:lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeopleWithhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil,.,50,Orwellisverycleverlyrevealinginthesetwoparagraphstherealinnerworkingsofthecolonialistsmentality.Suchpeopletaketheirownpresumedsuperioritysomuchforgrantedanditssodeepwithinthemthattheyliterallydontevenseethewretchedpeopleofthethirdworldandaresoinsensitivethattheyactuallytreatthosecountriesastouristresortswheretheyvacationandenjoythemselvesoblivioustothesufferingallaroundthem.,.,51,erode,wearaway;eatintoIfrockorsoilerodesoriserodedbytheweather,seaorwind,itcracksandbreakssothatitisgraduallydestroyed.Rainandriverserodedthesoftsand-stones.,.,52,Para.18,Desolatebarren;(ofaplace)inaruinedandneglectedstate1.aplacethatisdesolateisemptyandlookssadbecausetherearenopeoplethereAfterthewarthetownwasadesolateplace.2.someonewhoisdesolatefeelsverysadandlonelyShehasbeendesolatesincelosingherjob.v.Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods.Weweredesolatedbythedeathofourgoodfriend.,.,53,Para.18,ThisisasmuchequaltoTheanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches.Theycouldnotmakedeeperfurrows.,.,54,getat,toreachMarrakechisverydry.Evenatadepthof30or40feetthereisonlybutatrickleofwater.,.,55,Para.19-20,MiserablelifeofoldwomenThewriterisdescribingobjectivelythephysicalappearanceoftheoldwoman,yethisangercomesthrough.Noticehischoiceofwords.(old;mummified;tiny;shrinktothesizeofchildren;reducedtobones;leatheryskin;bentdouble),.,56,Paragraph19,IsupposethatTheauthorgavetheoldwomanalittlemoney.Theresponsewasashrillwailforshewasgreatlysurprised.Theoldwomanwasfullyaccustomedtohermiserableexistenceandtonotbeingtakennoticeofbyanyone,soshealmostconsideredtheauthortobedoingsomethingunnaturalbygivingherthemoney.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden:Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal,.,57,para.20,Whydoestheauthorexpatiateonthemiserablefateofthedonkeys?Toarousethereaderssympathyandanger.Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandtheoldwomen?Whatarethey?DonkeyandWomanBothareoverloaded.Botharewillingcreatures.Botharesmall.Bothareill-treated.Bothhaveanmiserableend.Comparison,.,58,Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandthenativepeople?Whatarethey?-Bothareobedient-Botharedevoted(despitecrueltreatment)-Bothhaveanmiserableend.(donkeythrowntothedogs,humansthrownintoanamelessgrave.,.,59,Para.21,DonkeyandWoman/humansVisibleInvisibleImplication-Women/humansareworsetreated.Contrast,.,60,Para.20,Infuriatev.fillwithfuryorrageoutrage;aggravate;enrage;provoke,.,61,Para.20,whereupon(formal)usedwhensomethinghappensimmediatelyaftersomethingelse,orasaresultofsomethinghappeningSherefusedtohandoverhermoney,whereupontherewasafight.他看到我来，于是把座位让给了我。Hesawmecoming,whereuponheofferedmehisseat.,.,62,Paragraph21,Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible:Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisiblenextdoorto:Shesintheroomnextdoortoherparents.她住在她父母隔壁的那个房间。Heisnextdoortoanidiot.他简直是个白痴。这病人差不多要死了。Thesickmanwasnextdoortodeath.,.,63,Paragraphs22-26,WhatisthemainideaofPara22-26?Degradation/humblenessofthenativepeople,.,64,Howdoestheauthorputforwardhisidea?Byacontrastbetweenthesoldiers(infantry)andthestorksandacomparisonbetweenthesoldiers(infantry)andcattle,.,65,thesoldiersandthestorks,Thepassiveplodding,earthboundblackssouthward)arecontrastedwiththeglitteringwhitebirds(theirwhitemasters;northward)sogreat,pureandloftywhosailabovetheminthesky.Whiletheformerareweigheddownbyheavypacks,aresweatinganduncomfortablyhot,thelatterarefreetosoarunfetteredinthecoolskyabove.,.,66,Symbol,whitebird/scrapsofpaper-symbolicoffreedom,.,67,thesoldiersandcattle,Thesoldiers:passiveplodding,earthbound,weigheddownbyheavypacks,sweating,uncomfortablyhot,likecattlewhodonotaskingquestionsandfollowtheirmastersblindly,.,68,Paragraphs22-26,Descriptionoftheblacktroopsingeneralandoneblacksoldierindividually.Itwontbelongforthewhitepeopletokeeptheseblackpeopleinignorance.,.,69,clumpandclatter,onomatopoeiawordsdescribingthesoundofbootsandironwheelsastheymovedovertheroad.,.,70,Paragraph22,Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniformsTheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingready-madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell-builtbodiesreach-me-down:(BrE.colloquial)second-handorready-madeclothes.hand-me-down(AmE.),.,71,Isawhowitwas.,Iunderstandthereasonwhy.Thisistheresultofcolonization,.,72,Para.24,Thiswretchedboy.Thismiserableblackboyis,asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry,aFrenchcitizen.Thereforehehasbeenforcedtoleavehishomeintheforestandcometoagarrisontownwherehehastodohardlaboursuchasscrubbingfloorsforthewhitesandwherehewillcatchsyphilis.Howeverthisboy,insteadofhatingthewhites,hasdeeprespectforthem.,.,73,Paragraph25,inthis/thatconnection(formal):whilespeakingofsuchthings;inthiscase.Whilespeakingofsuchthings(whilespeakingoftheonethoughtwhicheverywhitemanthinks)Itisthe100thanniversaryofhisdeath.Weherearehavingverygreatcelebrationsinthisconnection.,.,74,Itdoesntmattertwopence:Itdoesntmatterabit.Itdoesntmatteratall.Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?,.,75,Paragraph26,Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.Everywhiteman，theonlookers，theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhiteNCOsmarchingwiththeblacksoldiers，hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismindchargers:horsesriddeninbattleoronparadeN.C.O.:noncommissionedofficers军士，士官,.,76,column,Acolumnisagroupofpeopleoranimalswhichmovesinalongline;alongmovinglineofpeopleorthingsTherewerereportsofcolumnsofmilitaryvehiclesappearingonthestreets.,.,77,file,lineofpeoplewhoarestandingorwalkingonebehindtheotherfileofafileofsoldiersmarchinginstep(步伐整齐)alineofpeopleorthings,onebehindtheother:Theysetoffinfilebehindtheteacher.,.,78,Thecausesoftheirpoverty,1.ColonializationAllcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact(para.1;17)2.RacialdiscriminationThepeoplehavebrownfaces-besidestherearesomanyofthem(para.3)Heisthesamecolourastheearth,(para.16)3.BlackpeoplesignoranceHeshowedhisprofoundrespecttohisenemy.He.hasfeelingsofreverencebeforeawhiteskinOnlytheNegroesdidntknowit“4.Poornaturalconditions,.,79,Language,1.simplewords,simplestatementstoconveydeepermeaning2.theuseofrhetoricalquestionswhichisveryeffectiveinconveyinghisanger3.terse(精练的),lucid(明白易懂的)prosestyle.4.gooddiction(措辞),.,80,ExerciseVI,1chant：wordsrepeatedinamonotonoustoneofvoice2navvy：abbreviationof“navigator”，aBritishwordmeaninganunskilledlaborer，asoncanals，roads，etc3Stow：putorhideawayinasafeplace4warp：bend，curve，ortwistoutofshape5self-contained：self-sufficient；havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary6wretched：poorinquality，veryinferior7mummified：thinandwithered，lookinglikeamummy8reach-me-down：(Britishcolloquialism)second-handorready-madeclothing9charger：ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade,.,81,ExerciseVII,1.Cryimpliestheexpressionofgrief,sorrow,painordistressbymakingmournful,convulsivesoundsandsheddingtears;weepmorespecificallystressesthesheddingoftears；tosobistoweepaloudwithacatchinthevoiceandshortgaspingbreaths；wailimpliestheuttering