江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇2020届中考英语总复习专项练习 专题（六）形容词和副词学案（无答案）

专题（六） 形容词和副词【学习目标】1. 掌握形容词和副词的用法和功能2. 掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律3. 能够运用形容词和副词的比较等级的用法（原级，比较级，最高级）【学生自学】 1. 形容词用于修饰_，说明事物或人的性质或特征。2. 副词主要用来修饰_，_，_或其他结构。3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律，完成【预习展示】1和2【预习展示】1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的规则变化构成原级比较级最高级一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词tall以不发音e结尾的单音节nice在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，big以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词busy其他双音节词和多音节词important2. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级Good/wellBad/badly/illMuch/manylittlefar【教师精讲】&1. 形容词的用法 ：（1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。（2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。He is an ill man.（错） The man is ill.（对）She is an afraid girl.（错） The girl is afraid.（对）（3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice&2. 以-ly结尾的形容词大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。&3. 用形容词表示类别和整体（1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry（2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. 例如：The English have wonderful sense of humor.&4. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词例如： a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car&5. 副词及其基本用法(1) 副词的位置： 在动词之前。 在be动词、助动词之后。 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： 1）大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 2）方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well.（2）副词的排列顺序 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错： (错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.&6. 形容词和副词的比较级的用法：（1）形容词或副词的比较级+ than+比较对象，用于两者之间的比较，表示一方超过另一方。表示一方不如另一方时，可用 less. than。e.g. He is taller than I am. She is more beautiful than her sister.（2）在形容词或副词的比较级前可以加上much, still, far, even, a lot, a little, a bit,(three)years,(four)times等副词或词组，以表示两者之间相差的程度。但是不能用very,so,too,quite等词修饰比较级。e.g. This picture is much more beautiful than that one.（3） 使用比较结构需要注意的两点：在比较结构中，要注意比较对象的对等和比较关系的明确无误。请比较下列句子： 误：My pen is better than you. 正：My pen is better than yours. 误：He spends less money than any person. 正：He spends less money than any other person.为避免重复，比较的另一方可用that，those 来代替。that代替单数可数名词和不可数名词，those 代替复数名词。 e.g. My classmates like the story of Friendship better than that of Spacemen on earth. They think the actors act better than those in Spacemen onearth.（4）比较级还有几种特殊的用法。形容词或副词的比较级有时也可以不用than 给出比较对象，而用与最高级相似的 结构“the +比较级+比较范围”，表示两者之间的比较。 e.g. John is the taller of the two boys. “比较级+and +比较级”，表示“越来越”。 e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.“the +形容词或副词比较级,the +形容词或副词比较级”，表示一事物随着另一事物的变化而变化，意思是“越，就越”。 e.g. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make in exams.&7. 形容词、副词的最高级的用法： 最高级通常用于三者或三者以上的人或事物作比较。结构为：the +形容词最高级+比较范围， （the）+副词最高级+比较范围。比较范围可以是of，in，among 引导的短语，置于句末或句首，也可以是一个从句。 e.g. Tiananmen Square is the biggest square in the world. Tim is the tallest boy of the six. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 表示某人或某物在比较范围内是最差或最不及其余的，可用“the least +形容词或副词+比较范围”。 e.g. Of the four activities, cycling is the least dangerous.&8. 同级比较、比较级和最高级的联系： （1）同级比较的否定形式“not as/so +形容词或副词+as ”可以用比较级来改写同义句。 e.g. This book is not so useful as that one. （同义句） This book is less useful than that one. That book is more useful than this one.（2）比较级和最高级也可以互改同义句 e.g. Sam is the tallest student in his class. （同义句） Sam is taller than any other student in his class. Sam is taller than the other students in his class.（3）同级比较和最高级也可以互改同义句 e.g. Nobody else in his class has as many friends as him. （同义句） He has the most friends in his class.【演练展示】直击中考（ ）1.The flower smells _ and I like it very much.（2020年重庆）A. well B. good C. bad D. badly（ ）2. We all like Miss Wang. She always makes her English classes _.（2020年福州）A.interesting B.interest C.interested （ ）3. Isthere_ in todays newspaper?（2020年铜仁）A.special something B.special anything. C.something special D. anything special（ ）4. _didyouvisitthe Science Museum?-Three months ago. （2020年重庆）A. When B. Where C. What D. Which（ ）5. Helenwassoexcited at the news that she could_ say a word. (2020年重庆)A. ever B. almost C. hardly D. always（ ）6. Itssocoldtoday. Yes,its_ colder than it was yesterday.（2020年丽水）A. some B. more C. very D. much（ ）7.The boy is _ t o take care of himself.(2020年泉州) A. enough oldB. enough youngC. old enoughD. young enough（ ） 8.My sister has practiced tennis for a long time. She plays tennis _you（2020年德阳）A. as good as B. as well as C. so well as（ ）9. Xian is one of _ capital_in China.（2020年济南）A. older;city B. the older;,city C. oldest;cities D.the oldest;cities（ ）10._ children there are in a family,_their life will be.（2020年济南） A. the less;the better B. the fewer;the better C. fewer;richer D. more;poorer【当堂检测】（10分）（ ）1. Youve done a nice job! Thanks. I always do everything _. A. care B. careful C. carefully （ ）2. He doesnt play the violin so_ as his father. A. good B. better C. well D. best （ ）3.-How will she deal with the work？ -She doesnt want to do it by herself She wants to ask someone else to do it，_ Ayet Binstead Ctoo Deither （ ）4. People complain that the price of the apartment is getting . A. lower and lower B. higher and higher C. cheaper and cheaper D. more and more expensive （ ）5. It is terrible. Its raining so _ that we can _ go out. A hard; hardly B hard; hard C hardly; hard （ ）6. Dont just believe the advertisement. That medicine is _ it says. A