中考英语语法特辑 形容词副词（通用）

中考英语语法特辑-形容词副词adj.表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用adv. 表示动作特征或性状，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子一、形容词、副词的比较级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B注意：not as / so as = less than 不及;不如eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.2)You dont eat so much as I.3)This book isnt as interesting as that one= This book is _ _ _ that one2.比较级：两者进行比较(常与than连用)1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本?3.最高级：三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用)( 注意：of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.2)He runs fastest in our class.3)He is the tallest of the three boys.4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越”eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮2) “the比较级，the比较级” “越，越”eg. the more, the better 多多益善_ you are, _ you will get.你越懒，收获越少。3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较的一个”eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”eg. Hes a head taller than me.My brother is two years older than me5)表示“是几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + asas”eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。6)区别older / elder与farther / furtherolder(年龄较老的)elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)eg. My _ brother is _ than me.farther (指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)eg.1)He went abroad for _ studies.2)Fusun is _ from our school than Zhaohua.二、形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“一点儿;得多 ; 更”eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿2)much more 多得多3)even heavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物)，注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; oneseg. 1)The apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.2)Our bedroom is bigger than Lily.3.表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, ”(但“第一”不能用first)eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错：_4.形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则A、规则变化一般在词尾加er或est以e结尾的只加r或st以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加er或est以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加er或est5.多音节和部分双音节词，前加more为比较级，加(the)most为最高级6、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) _5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语,如：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).三、注意：副词的种类、用法及位置1.副词的种类(1)时间副词表示大体时间：now，then，yesterday，today， tonight，before，justnow，recently，sOfaf表示频率：always，usually，often，sometimes.seldom，never其它作用：already，yet，late，early，soon，at once，immediately，atfirst，at last，finally(2)地点副词表地点：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near，off,past(3)方式副词 表示谓语动词“怎样地”，(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly(4)程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much，(a)little，a bit，very，sO，too，enough，quite,rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly(5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句：how，when, where，