（精选幻灯片）中考复习之非谓语动词

非谓语动词,1,第一部分：什么是非谓语动词？,2,非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。例:Helikestoreadthenovel.例：Heenjoyedtravelingaroundworld.例：JohnmadeTomgowithhim.解析：英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词2根据动词1而变化。而我们看到的动词2，及(todo,doing,done等形式，就是非谓语动词）,3,单句中的动词1与动词2，动词1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化动词2根据动词1而变化例:HewantedtodothatIamenjoyingseeingthefilmLetusgo!,4,非谓语动词的种类,1.不定式todo有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing表示抽象的名词意义*3.现在分词doing表示主动或进行的意义.*4.过去分词done表示被动或完成的意义.,5,6,动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“，有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,7,用法：用作宾语(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.needtodolearntodoagreetodoplantododecidetodorefusetodobegintodostarttodotrytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodoStoptodogoontodocantwaittodo,8,Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.wantsbtodowishsbtodogetsbtodoordersbtodofindsbtobelikesbtodowouldlikesbtodohelpsbtodoexpectsbtodo,9,在findmakefeelthinkconsider+it+adj+todosth句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.TheterribleweathermadeitimpossibletogooutingIfeeliteasytorecitethetextAlltheteachersconsideritnecessarytolistenattentivelyinclass.,10,Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboxwastooheavytomove.,(目的),(目的),（结果）,11,常见动词有：一感：feel二听：listento,hear三让:let,make,have四看:see,lookat,watch,notice比较：Isawhercrossingthestreet.Isawhercrossthestreet.,12,4.用作主语,1.Tobeanactressismydream.,2.Togoabroadishisdream.,3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.,（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）,Itismydreamtobeanactress.,Itishisdreamtogoabroad.,Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.,13,Its+adj+ofsb+todosth.Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。Itsverykindofyoutoinvitme.若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用ofsb.Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。Itscleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.,14,Its+adj+forsb+todosth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用forsb.这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。Eg:对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。Itsverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.Eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Itsdifficultforustofinishthework.,15,5.用作表语,Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.,Herjobistolookafterthepatients.,Mywishistobeascientist.,16,6.用作定语,Givemesomethingtodrink.,Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.,（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）,Heaskedforaroomtolivein.,Idonthaveapentowritewith.,Ihaveameetingtoattend,17,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。,18,7.疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。,Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.,Idontknowwhattodo.,Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.,Thequestionishowtogetthere.,(主语),(宾语),(宾语补足语),(表语),19,Idontknowwhattodo.Idontknowhowtodoit.Idontknowwhattodowithit.Idontknowhowtodealwithit.,20,一些省略to的句型,Whynot+动词原形=Whydontyou+动词原形2.Youdbetter(not)+动词原形3.wouldrather(not)+动词原形makesb.(not)doletsb.(not)dohavesb.(not)dohelpsb.do/todo,21,常见固定搭配,1.tootodoThedeskistooheavytocarry.,2.be+adj+enoughtodoTheroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.,3.Itstimetodosth或Itstimeforsbtodosth.Itstimetohavearest.,4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreedaystofinishthejob.,5.be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后）+todosth.(1)Imsorrytotroubleyou.,22,Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.Ihopetoseehimsoon.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Ihavealottotellyou.Itsnotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.,定语,主语,状语,表语,宾语,主语,宾语补足语,23,跳舞非常有趣。种些植物是非常有必要的。说英语对我来说并不容易。听到你的声音真高兴。,Todanceisalotoffun.,Itisalotoffuntodance.,Togrowplantsisveryimportant.,Tohearyourvoiceissonice.,TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.,Itissonicetohearyourvoice.,24,我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。,Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.,Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.,Mydreamistobeascientist.,25,他想借用我的录音机。他们开始读和写。李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。你长大了想做什么？,Hewantstoborrowmyradio.,Theybegantoreadandwrite.,WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.,Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?,26,1我有许多书要看。2她有几个问题要问。3他有一台电视要修。4.我没什么可担心的。,Ihavemanybookstoread.,Shehasafewquestionstoask.,HehasaTVsettorepair.,Ihavenothingtoworryabout.,27,他是一个值得信赖的人。6爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。7他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。,Heisamantobelievein.,Edisonwasthefirstmantoinventthelights.,Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.,28,Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim_underthetree.a.liesb.lyingc.layd.lain,考点：see/hear/find/watchsb.dosth.(看见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watchsb.doingsth.（看见某人正在做某事）,Isawhim_thesupermarketjustnow.a.enteredb.enteringc.enterd.toenter,Thegirlwhosoldmatcheswasfound_thenextmorning.a.dieb.dyingc.diedd.dead,29,-Doyouremember_mesomewhereinHangzhou?-Yes.Ithinkthats2yearsago.a.seeb.seeingc.toseed.saw,forget/remembertodosth.forget/rememberdoingsth.stop/goontodosthstop/goondoingsth,Thescientiststopped_tomethoughhewasbusy.a.talkingb.totalkc.tohavetalkd.havingtalk,30,Themoreyouthinkaboutit,themorequestionsyouwillthinkof_.a.askb.askedc.askingd.toask,考点：todo表示目的,Thedoctordidwhathecould_thatchild.a.saveb.tosavec.savedd.saving,Ihavenopen_.a.writingb.writingwithc.towritewithd.writing,todo作定语，如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语，其后需接介词,31,动名词,32,动名词由动词+ing构成，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。,动名词的形式：否定形式:,doing,notdoing,33,2、在某些句型中it作形式主语Itisnousedoing做没用Itisnogooddoing做没好处Itisuselessdoing做。没用Itsawasteoftimedoing做。是浪费时间,一、作主语1、动名词作主语(谓语动词用单数)*Sayingiseasierthandoing.*Beingforcedtouselefthandtowritewillmakeusveryuncomfortable.,34,*Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.*Itisnogoodsmoking.*Itisuselesstalkingtoomuch.*Itsawasteoftimehavingatalkwithhim.,35,二、作宾语1）作动词的宾语*Shedeniedmakingamistake.*Heimaginedleadingahappylife.用动名词作宾语的动词有：,36,V+doing,finish完成forgive原谅keep保持,坚持imagine设想miss错过mind介意suggest建议practise实行,实践canthelp不禁,admit承认advise建议allow允许avoid避免appreciate感激，欣赏consider考虑dislike不喜欢，讨厌deny否认enjoy享有,喜爱,37,2)介词+ving(做介词宾语）insiston,stickto,dreamof,havedifficulty/troublein,feellike,succeedin,beafraidof,giveup,goon,等。*Heinsistedongoingtherealone.*Heleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.*Isthereanyhopeofcatchingtheearlybus?*Insteadofstayingathome,Iwouldrathergotothecinema.*WecanimproveEnglishbypracticingmore.,38,介词+doing,lookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）be/getusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）,39,Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Myfatherisusedtoridingabiketoworknow.Ipreferstayingathometogoingoutside.Theoldmandevotedallhismoneytohelpingthepoorchildren.Weshouldmakeacontributiontokeepingourschoolclean.,40,三、作表语动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作，表语和主语常常可以互换。1）Hishobbyispainting.=Paintingishishobby.2)Thebestpolicyisbeinghonest.=Beinghonestisthebestpolicy.,41,四.作定语动名词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词前。(动名词做定语说明被修饰词的用途和性质）*drinkingwater=waterforpeopletodrink*thesleepingbag=thebagforsleeping*awalkingstick=astickforwalking,42,1.Icantimagine_withsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.working,2._isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walked,3.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen,43,.用括号中动词的适当形式填空_(fish)ismyfavouritesport.Ioften_(fish)forhourswithout_(catch)anything.Butthisdoesntworryme.Someofthefishermen_(be)unlucky.Insteadof_(catch)fish,theycatcholdshoes.Iamevenlesslucky.Inevercatchanythingnotevenoldshoes.After_(spend)wholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag,“Youmustgiveup_(fish)!”Myfriendssay.“Itsawasteoftime.”Buttheydontknowoneimportantthing.Imnotreallyinterestedin_(fish).Imonlyinterestedin_(sit)inaboatand_(do)nothingatall.,课时训练,Fishing,fish,catching,are,catching,spending,fishing,fishing,sitting,doing,44,todo与doing,45,动名词与不定式语义不同,stoptodoforgettodoremembertodotrytodogoontodomeantodo,stopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingmeandoing,46,1)stopdoing/todostoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stopdoingsth.不正确。,47,2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)典型例题-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh，Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。,48,3)rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dontyourememberseeingthemanbef