中考英语语法讲解资料及练习 被动语态复习（无答案）

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习 被动语态复习A.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people.A.speakB.is speakingC.speaksD.is spoken(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态) The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A.were toldB.is tellingC.was toldD.tells(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态) A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.mustB.must beC.hasD.have(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)B.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。The tree _ _ by that boy.(填was broken)C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once.The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once.(同义句)(填m ust be thrown away) Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)Where _ vegetables _ ?(填were;grown)D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story.(变被动语态)We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him. Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother.(填was given to)2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take awayB.taken awayC.are taken awayD.be taken awayD She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)The children will _ _ _ _ _ (by her).(填be taken good care of)3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(填was seen to)4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city.A.be buildingB.buildC.be builtD.builtC5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)By whom has the cup been broken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)F.牢记(相关)句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1.be covered with被覆盖2.be made of由制作(发生物理变化)be made from由制作(发生化学变化)be made in由(某地)制造be made by被(某人)制造3.be used for被用来be used as被当作(作为)来使用be used to do sth.被用来做某事4.It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知例如：Your coat looks nice.Is it _ cotton?Yes.Its Shanghai.A.made of;made byB.made of;made inC.made for;made byD.made for;made inB This machine is used _ the room wet.A.for