江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇2020届中考英语总复习专项练习专题十非谓语动词学案无答

专题（十） 非谓语动词【学习目标】1. 掌握非谓语动词的形式及用法。2. 掌握非谓语动词的做题技巧。3. 能够熟练运用谓语动词，非谓语动词的相关知识完成中考题型：“用所给动词的正确形式填空”。【学生自学】1. 非谓语动词是指不定式、动名词，分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）2. 非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，定语或状语。动名词具有名词的特征，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等。【预习展示】1.分析非谓语动词在句子中的成分：主语宾语表语宾补定语状语不定式动名词分 词2.用动词的正确形式填空。（1） _ (climb) mountains is interesting(主语)（2） His wish is_ ( buy) a new car in the near future（表语）（3） We often practice _ ( play ) football after school . （宾语）（4） My parents do not allow me_ ( go ) out after 6 p.m. (宾补)（5） I have something important _( tell ) you. (定语)（6） She ran fast _ (catch ) the first bus. (状语)【教师精讲】&1、动 词 不 定 式： 动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 （1） 动词不定式作主语： _(Learn) English is very important. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 Its necessary _( find) the witness. （2） 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，如， afford，pretend，agree，wish, fail, plan, prefer, happen, prepare, decide, learn, choose, hope, promise, want/would like, refuse, decide learn The boy promised _ (not be) late for school again.（3）动词不定式作宾语补语 常见的用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask，get，allow，prefer，request, advise, help， recommend，remind，invite，intend，require, tell，like，order，warn，enable，need，encourage， want，teach, wish Please ask him _( come) here quickly. The teacher told the students _(not shout) in class.（4）动词不定式作表语主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea，job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起解释说明作用What I should do is_ ( finish) the task soon. My purpose is _(help) you solve your problem.（5）动词不定式作定语： There are many ways _(solve) the problem.。 I have something important _( tell) you. 不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：(1)动宾关系：He has a lot of homework to do . （do a lot of homework）He is looking for a room to live in . （live in a room）(2)主谓关系： She is always the last to speak at the meeting . （6）不定式作状语：(1)原因 He is lucky_ ( get) here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , pleased , sorry , lucky, proud , angrysurprised , frightened , ready , clever(2)目的 He came _( help) me with my maths . (3)结果I hurried to get there only_ ( find )him out （7）注意：动词不定式的否定形式： not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us_(not swim )in that river. Its unfair _(not tell) us. 带疑问词的不定式： 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how,可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。 Where _( go) is not known yet.I dont know when _( begin). 不定式省略to的基本规律a. 在let, make, have 等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如：My mother wouldnt let me _(go) to the film. I dont like milk, but mother often makes me _（drink） it.b. 在see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to。I watched her _(get )into the car. I saw the woman _(enter) a bank. 使役动词，感官动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式必须带to。The woman was seen _( enter )a bank.c. 在动词help 后宾语补足语的不定式可以带to，也可以省略to。Can I help you _(carry this heavy box? d. why not ?之后的不定式省略to。Why not _(ask) the teacher? e. 用作介词except, but 宾语的不定式有时带to，有时不带to。其大致原则是：若前面出现了实意动词do，其后的不定式不带to；若其前没有实意动词do，则其后的不定式带to。如：I had no choice but _( wait).She can do everything except _(cook). f. 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式前用to，其余不定式前的to 可以省略。He told me to stay there and wait for him. g.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。如：I shall go if I want to. Dont go till I tell you to. h.若被省略的不定式为to be短语，则通常应保留 to be。如：He is not the man he used to be. i.下列短语中的to 都是介词：thanks to ，devote to, belong to , be used to , look forward to, pay attention toWe are looking forward to _(hear) from you.&2、动 名 词动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。 （1） 动名词作主语： _(talk) like that is not polite. _(learn) from others is important . （2）动名词作表语：The nurses job is _(look) after the patients. Seeing is believing.如果主语是不定式，表语也用不定式。To see is to believe.（3）动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是 allow，advise，suggest, finish, enjoy, keep, practice, mind, dislike, consider 等Do you mind_( open) the windows?（4）动名词作定语 She is studying in the _(read) room. He slept in the _(sleep) bag. （5）注意：(1) 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词 He pretend_( not know) it at all. We considered_( not do) it now. (2) 动词作宾语时主要用不定式和动名词，注意以下四种情况：只能接动名词的动词有：consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice 等. 只能接不定式的动词有： decide, hope, promise, refuse, agree等. 能跟动名词和不定式意义无区别的动词有： love, like, hate, begin, continue, start等 下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事remember to do记住要做某事 remember doing 记着做了某事mean to do 打算要做某事 mean doing 意味着做了某事try to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） go on doing 继续做某事（6）常见短语have difficulty/ trouble / problem doing have fun/ a good time doing cant help doing be worth doing be used to doing &3、分 词 分词分为现在分词（动词 +ing）过去分词（动词 + ed），它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。 （1）分词作定语;作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。China is a _(develop) country. The girl_( sing) for us is ten years old. 现在分词作定语时和所修饰词之间是主谓关系，过去分词和所修饰词之间是动宾关系。 The _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. The boy _(hurt) by the car was sent to the hospital . 现在分词和动名词都可以作定语，和所修饰词有主谓关系的是分词， 否则为动名词。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词） a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （动名词） （2）分词作状语 Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily. Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. （3）分词作表语 The story is _(interest) . We are_( interest) in computer. （4）分词作宾语补足语 可以跟分词宾语补足语的动词有 see, watch, hear, keep, find, have, get 等词,和宾语是主谓关系宾补用现在分词，和宾语是动宾关系宾补用过去分词， I heard them _(sing) in the next room at 8:00 yesterday evening . She had her bike _(repair).【演练展示】直击中考（ ）1. Remember _ off the lights when you leave the room, please. (2020黑龙江绥化) A. to turn B. turning C. turn（ ）2. Jessicas parents always encourage her _out her opinions. (2020辽宁鞍山)A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak（ ）3. He wants to have his TV _.(2020黑龙江绥化) A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair（ ）4. Im new here. (2020浙江舟山、嘉兴) Dont worry. Ill do what I can _ you. A. help B. to helpC. inviteD. to invite（ ）5. I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous. (2020广东广州) A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play （ ）6. Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? (2020湖北孝感) For your health, my boy. A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing（ ）7. Driving less, walking more is good for our health. (2020湖北襄阳)So Id rather an hours walk to work than consider a car.A. take, driveB. take, to driveC. take, driving D. taking, driving（ ）8. I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? （2020山东济宁）I havent decided where _.A. go B. went C. goingD. to go（ ）9.How is your grandma? （2020 湖北黄冈）Shes fine. She used to _ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _ out for a walk.A. watch; go B. watching; goC. watching; going D. watch; going（ ）10. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs so that it can be reused. （2020江苏无锡）A. to destroyB. destroyingC. to collectD. collecting（ ）11. Paul made a nice cage_ the little sick bird till it could fly. （2020江苏苏州）A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep（ ）12. Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains. （2020浙江杭州）A. to goB. goingC. goD. went（ ）13. I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom. （2020广东梅州） A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies （ ）14. Our English teacher often says to us, “_ English well is very important”（2020四川内江）A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning（ ）15 Im looking forward to _my parents soon. What about you?（2020四川广安） Me tooA. seeing B. see C. saw（ ）16. Why is Linlin practicing speaking English? （2020山东泰安） _ abroad for further study. A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes （ ）17. Im sleepy. I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk. （2020江苏徐州）A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep（ ）18. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. （2020江苏淮安）A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk（ ）19. He promised _his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. （2020天津） A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see（ ）20. Excuse me. Could you tell me _ get to the nearest post office? Sorry, I am new here. （2020山东威海）A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can【当堂检测】“动词的正确形式填空”做题技巧 1. 确定确定动词的形式，动词为谓语动词，则考虑时态和语态。2. 确定正