江苏省宜兴市汇文中学八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Past and Present导学案3（无答案）（新版）牛津版

Unit 1【课前自主学习】 重点词组和句型翻译1. 我看过这本书许多次了。 _2. 我们好几年没看到彼此了。_3. 我父母还没有回来。 _4. 你最近看过电影吗？ _5. 在过去的一个世纪里 _6. 更多了解 _【课堂知识点拨】 语法讲解 现在完成时 (the present perfect tense )一. 现在完成时的定义1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present. (从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作). 1) I have lived here since I was born. 2) He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present. (发生在过去并和现在有联系的动作) 1) Eddie has just eaten Hobos food. (Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)2) I have lost my mobile phone. (I lost my mobile phone, and now I have no mobile phone to use.)3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now. (到现在为止动作发生了多少次) I have already read this book many times.二. 现在完成时的结构1. 现在完成时的肯定句 主语 +_ + e.g. I have finished my homework. He has written six poems. They have seen that film. 2. 现在完成时的否定句 主语 +_ + e.g. I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt come here yet. hasnt = _ havent = _3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句 _ + 主语 + _+ ? Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + have / has not. e.g. 1) I have finished the work. (改成一般疑问并回答) _ you _ the work? Yes, I _. / No, I_ . 2) She has arrived here. (改成一般疑问并回答) _ she _ here? Yes, she_. / No, she_ . 4. 现在完成时的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + V. pp + ？ e.g. I have lived here since I came here.（划线提问） _ _ _ you _ here?三. 规则动词的过去分词的构成1. 大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed； work_ listen_ jump_ visit_2. 在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d； close_ like_ agree_ move_ 3. 在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed； study_ carry_ try_ worry_4. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed； stop_ drop_四不规则动词的过去分词的构成1.有些动词的原形和过去分词相同； putput hurthurt becomebecome runrun2. 改变单词中间元音字母； sitsat winwon holdheld3. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t； lendlent spendspent sendsent 4. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept； keepkept sleepslept 5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾； teachtaught catch caught buybought 6. 以ay结尾的动词, 把ay变成aid; say_ pay_7. 在原形词尾加n或en； give_ eat_ 还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。（课本第122-123页）五. 现在完成时常用的标志词 1. already 与 yet already “已经” ( 用于肯定句中，常放于行为动词之前，其他动词之后)(放于句末)yet 用于否定句中 “还” 用于疑问句中 “已经，还，仍然” yet 是already 的否定词 1）I _already _ the film.(我已看过这部电影了) 否：I _ _ the film _. “还” 疑：_ you _ the film _? “已经” No , not _ . 2) I _ (not have) lunch yet. 2. ever 与 never ever 曾经 主要用于疑问句 (放句中) never 从不 主要用于否定句 (放句中)1) - _ you ever _(eat) Beijing Duck?-No, _. 2) He _ never _ (read) the story. 3) Shes never seen the film, _ _ ? 3. just 与 recently just 刚才 用于肯定句中 (放句中) recently 不久前，最近 用于各种句式中 (放句中) 1) I _ just _ (see) him. 2) She _ _ (not see ) them recently. 3) _ you _ (use) it recently? 4) She _ _ (be) busy recently. 4. since 和 for + 一段时间 常用现在完成时yet + 短语 = for + 一段时间 句子 (用一般过去时)for+一段时间 1) 常用现在完成时 2) 动词必须可以延续 3) 用How long 提问 1) I _ (begin) to work here in 2000 = I _ here since 2000. 2) They _ (not meet ) each other for years. 3) She _(feel) lonely since she _(move) here. since 短语和for +一段时间都用how long 提问 4) I have lived here since I was born.(划线提问) _ _ _ you _ here? 5. 次数(twice/ three times/ .) 和before(以前)单独放句末常用现在完成时 1) He_ (see) the film twice. _ _ _ _ he seen the film? 2) _ you _ (be) to Beijing Before? 6. over the (past/last) years 在(过去的)这几年间 e.g. Great changes _ (take) place over the past ten years. 7. so far , up to now, until/till now e. g. We _ (learn) many English songs so far. 【课后巩固】一、改写句子 1. Ive already had dinner. (否) I _ _ dinner _. 2. He has already finished his homework. (否) He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums never cooked the dinner. (反义疑问句) Mums never cooked the dinner, _ _?4. I have already done my homework. (疑) _ you _ your homework _?5. Shes ever read the book . (反义疑问句) Shes ever read the book , _ _?6. I worked here last year. ( 用since 改写句子） I _ _ here _ last year 二. 用所给动词的正确时态完成句子 1. Jacks mother isnt at home. She _ (go) to the supermarket.2. _ he ever _ (ride) a bike?3. Li Ming _ (hurt) his arm last week. He _ already _ (stay) in bed for five days.4. Yesterday she _ (buy) one book. She _ (not read) it since then.5. I _ already _ (lose) my pen. I _ (buy) it two days ago. 6. I _ (have) dinner. I am full. 7. We _ (read) this story twice.8. They _ (see) the movie before. 9. She _just_ (buy) some nice toys.10.He _ (not finish) the homework yet. He will try to finish it quickly.11. _ Tom _(write) letters to you recently?12. We _ (move) to the new flat since last month. 13. The film _ (be) on for about 20 minutes. We missed the beginning.三. 汉译英1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗？ _ _ _ making the birthday card _?2. 我已经吃过早饭了，现在一点也不饿。 I _ _ _ breakfast, and now I am not hungry at all.3. 你这周日准备做什么？ 还没决定。 What are you going to do this Sunday? I _ _ _. 4. 你读过哈利波特这本书么？ 是的，我已经读过好多遍了。 _ you _ the book Harry Porter? Yes, I _ _ _ it several times.5. 自从1978年以来